scholarly journals LncRNA regulates tomato fruit cracking by coordinating gene expression in hormone-redox-cell wall network

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingzi Xue ◽  
Fangling Jiang ◽  
Mintao Sun ◽  
Zhen Wu ◽  
Lu Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Stress Signals ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Fruit cracking, occurs easily under unsuitable environmental conditions, is one of the main disorders in fruit production. It is widely accepted that plant have developed a defense mechanisms or regulatory networks in response to abiotic stress. This involves perceiving, integrating and responding to stress signals by modulating the expression of related genes. Fruit cracking is also a kind of physiological disease caused by abiotic stress. Previously reported a single or sevel genes may regulate fruit cracking. However, almost none of these efforts have involved cracking regulatory network. Results Here, 0, 8 and 30 h irrigation treatments resulted in differential expression of 1028 mRNAs and 87 lncRNAs in ‘LA1698’ (cracking resistant, CR) at 8 h_vs_0 h, 468 mRNAs and 15 lncRNAs at CR_30 h_vs_CR_0 h, 321 mRNAs and 19 lncRNAs at CR_30 h_vs_CR_8 h; 531 mRNAs and 75 lncRNAs in ‘LA2683’ (cracking susceptible, CS) at 8 h_vs_0 h, 420 mRNAs and 24 lncRNAs at CS_30 h_vs_CS_0 h, 270 mRNAs and 20 lncRNAs at CS_30 h_vs_CS_8 h; 339 mRNAs and 64 lncRNAs in the two contrasting tomato genotypes at 0 h, 338 mRNAs and 94 lncRNAs at 8 h, and 369 mRNAs and 77 lncRNAs at 30 h. The GO pathway of the differentially expressed mRNAs are mainly enriched in ‘hormone metabolic process’, ‘cell wall organization’, ‘oxidoreductase activity’ and ‘catalytic activity’. In addition, lncRNAs regulated the expression of their neighboring genes and genes related to tomato cracking were selected to construct a lncRNA-mRNA network that influence tomato cracking. Conclutions This study provides insight into the responsive network for water-induced cracking in tomato fruit. specifically lncRNAs regulated hormone-redox-cell wall network, including plant hormone (including auxin, ethylene) and ROS (H 2 O 2 ) signal transduction and many cell wall related mRNAs ( EXP, PG, XTH ), as well as some lncRNAs (XLOC_010878 and XLOC_016662, ect) .

scholarly journals LncRNA regulates tomato fruit cracking by coordinating gene expression via a  hormone-redox-cell wall network

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingzi Xue ◽  
Mintao Sun ◽  
Zhen Wu ◽  
Lu Yu ◽  
Qinghui Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Cell Wall Organization ◽  
Stress Signals ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Fruit cracking occurs easily under unsuitable environmental conditions and is one of the main types of damage that occurs in fruit production. It is widely accepted that plants have developed defence mechanisms and regulatory networks that respond to abiotic stress, which involves perceiving, integrating and responding to stress signals by modulating the expression of related genes. Fruit cracking is also a physiological disease caused by abiotic stress. It has been reported that a single or several genes may regulate fruit cracking. However, almost none of these reports have involved cracking regulatory networks. Results Here, 0, 8 and 30 h irrigation treatments resulted in the differential expression of 1028 mRNAs and 87 lncRNAs in ‘LA1698’ (cracking resistant, CR) at 8 h_vs_0 h, 468 mRNAs and 15 lncRNAs in CR_30 h_vs_CR_0 h, 321 mRNAs and 19 lncRNAs in CR_30 h_vs_CR_8 h; 531 mRNAs and 75 lncRNAs in ‘LA2683’ (cracking susceptible, CS) at 8 h_vs_0 h, 420 mRNAs and 24 lncRNAs in CS_30 h_vs_CS_0 h, 270 mRNAs and 20 lncRNAs in CS_30 h_vs_CS_8 h; and 339 mRNAs and 64 lncRNAs in the two contrasting tomato genotypes at 0 h, 338 mRNAs and 94 lncRNAs at 8 h, and 369 mRNAs and 77 lncRNAs at 30 h. The GO pathways of the differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly enriched in the ‘hormone metabolic process’, ‘cell wall organization’, ‘oxidoreductase activity’ and ‘catalytic activity’ categories. In addition, the lncRNAs regulated the expression of their neighbouring genes, and genes related to tomato cracking were selected to construct a lncRNA-mRNA network influencing tomato cracking. Conclusions This study provides insight into the responsive network for water-induced cracking in tomato fruit. Specifically, lncRNAs regulate the hormone-redox-cell wall network, including plant hormone (auxin, ethylene) and ROS (H 2 O 2 ) signal transduction and many cell wall-related mRNAs ( EXP, PG, XTH ), as well as some lncRNAs (XLOC_010878 and XLOC_016662, etc.).

scholarly journals LncRNA regulates tomato fruit cracking by coordinating gene expression via a  hormone-redox-cell wall network

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingzi Xue ◽  
Mintao Sun ◽  
Zhen Wu ◽  
Lu Yu ◽  
Qinghui Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Stress Signals

Abstract Background Fruit cracking occurs easily under unsuitable environmental conditions and is one of the main types of damage that occurs in fruit production. It is widely accepted that plants have developed defence mechanisms and regulatory networks that respond to abiotic stress, which involves perceiving, integrating and responding to stress signals by modulating the expression of related genes. Fruit cracking is also a physiological disease caused by abiotic stress. It has been reported that a single or several genes may regulate fruit cracking. However, almost none of these reports have involved cracking regulatory networks. Results Here, RNA expression in 0 h, 8 h and 30 h saturated irrigation-treated fruits from two contrasting tomato genotypes, ‘LA1698’ (cracking-resistant, CR) and ‘LA2683’ (cracking-susceptible, CS), was analysed by mRNA and lncRNA sequencing. The GO pathways of the differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly enriched in the ‘hormone metabolic process’, ‘cell wall organization’, ‘oxidoreductase activity’ and ‘catalytic activity’ categories. According to the gene expression analysis, significantly differentially expressed genes included Solyc02g080530.3 ( Peroxide, POD ), Solyc01g008710.3 ( Mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase, MAN ), Solyc08g077910.3 ( Expanded, EXP ), Solyc09g075330.3 ( Pectinesterase , PE ), Solyc07g055990.3 ( Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase-hydrolase 7, XTH7 ), Solyc12g011030.2 ( X yloglucan endotransglucosylase-hydrolase 9 , XTH9 ), Solyc10g080210.2 ( Polygalacturonase-2, PG2 ), Solyc08g081010.2 ( Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, gamma-GCS ), Solyc09g008720.2 ( Ethylene receptor , ER ), Solyc11g042560.2 ( Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 4, ERF4 ) etc. In addition, the lncRNAs (XLOC_16662 and XLOC_033910, etc) regulated the expression of their neighbouring genes, and genes related to tomato cracking were selected to construct a lncRNA-mRNA network influencing tomato cracking. Conclusions This study provides insight into the responsive network for water-induced cracking in tomato fruit. Specifically, lncRNAs regulate the hormone-redox-cell wall network, including plant hormone (auxin, ethylene) and ROS (H 2 O 2 ) signal transduction and many cell wall-related mRNAs ( EXP, PG, XTH ), as well as some lncRNAs ( XLOC_16662 and XLOC_033910, etc.).

scholarly journals LncRNA regulates tomato fruit cracking by coordinating gene expression via a  hormone-redox-cell wall network

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingzi Xue ◽  
Mintao Sun ◽  
Zhen Wu ◽  
Lu Yu ◽  
Qinghui Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Stress Signals

Abstract Background Fruit cracking occurs easily under unsuitable environmental conditions and is one of the main types of damage that occurs in fruit production. It is widely accepted that plants have developed defence mechanisms and regulatory networks that respond to abiotic stress, which involves perceiving, integrating and responding to stress signals by modulating the expression of related genes. Fruit cracking is also a physiological disease caused by abiotic stress. It has been reported that a single or several genes may regulate fruit cracking. However, almost none of these reports have involved cracking regulatory networks. Results Here, RNA expression in 0 h, 8 h and 30 h saturated irrigation-treated fruits from two contrasting tomato genotypes, ‘LA1698’ (cracking-resistant, CR) and ‘LA2683’ (cracking-susceptible, CS), was analysed by mRNA and lncRNA sequencing. The GO pathways of the differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly enriched in the ‘hormone metabolic process’, ‘cell wall organization’, ‘oxidoreductase activity’ and ‘catalytic activity’ categories. According to the gene expression analysis, significantly differentially expressed genes included Solyc02g080530.3 ( Peroxide, POD ), Solyc01g008710.3 ( Mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase, MAN ), Solyc08g077910.3 ( Expanded, EXP ), Solyc09g075330.3 ( Pectinesterase , PE ), Solyc07g055990.3 ( Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase-hydrolase 7, XTH7 ), Solyc12g011030.2 ( X yloglucan endotransglucosylase-hydrolase 9 , XTH9 ), Solyc10g080210.2 ( Polygalacturonase-2, PG2 ), Solyc08g081010.2 ( Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, gamma-GCS ), Solyc09g008720.2 ( Ethylene receptor , ER ), Solyc11g042560.2 ( Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 4, ERF4 ) etc. In addition, the lncRNAs (XLOC_16662 and XLOC_033910, etc) regulated the expression of their neighbouring genes, and genes related to tomato cracking were selected to construct a lncRNA-mRNA network influencing tomato cracking. Conclusions This study provides insight into the responsive network for water-induced cracking in tomato fruit. Specifically, lncRNAs regulate the hormone-redox-cell wall network, including plant hormone (auxin, ethylene) and ROS (H 2 O 2 ) signal transduction and many cell wall-related mRNAs ( EXP, PG, XTH ), as well as some lncRNAs ( XLOC_16662 and XLOC_033910, etc.).

scholarly journals LncRNA regulates tomato fruit cracking by coordinating gene expression via a  hormone-redox-cell wall network

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingzi Xue ◽  
Mintao Sun ◽  
Zhen Wu ◽  
Lu Yu ◽  
Qinghui Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Stress Signals

Abstract Background Fruit cracking occurs easily under unsuitable environmental conditions and is one of the main types of damage that occurs in fruit production. It is widely accepted that plants have developed defence mechanisms and regulatory networks that respond to abiotic stress, which involves perceiving, integrating and responding to stress signals by modulating the expression of related genes. Fruit cracking is also a physiological disease caused by abiotic stress. It has been reported that a single or several genes may regulate fruit cracking. However, almost none of these reports have involved cracking regulatory networks. Results Here, RNA expression in 0 h, 8 h and 30 h saturated irrigation-treated fruits from two contrasting tomato genotypes, ‘LA1698’ (cracking-resistant, CR) and ‘LA2683’ (cracking-susceptible, CS), was analysed by mRNA and lncRNA sequencing. The GO pathways of the differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly enriched in the ‘hormone metabolic process’, ‘cell wall organization’, ‘oxidoreductase activity’ and ‘catalytic activity’ categories. According to the gene expression analysis, significantly differentially expressed genes included Solyc02g080530.3 ( Peroxide, POD ), Solyc01g008710.3 ( Mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase, MAN ), Solyc08g077910.3 ( Expanded, EXP ), Solyc09g075330.3 ( Pectinesterase , PE ), Solyc07g055990.3 ( Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase-hydrolase 7, XTH7 ), Solyc12g011030.2 ( X yloglucan endotransglucosylase-hydrolase 9 , XTH9 ), Solyc10g080210.2 ( Polygalacturonase-2, PG2 ), Solyc08g081010.2 ( Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, gamma-GCS ), Solyc09g008720.2 ( Ethylene receptor , ER ), Solyc11g042560.2 ( Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 4, ERF4 ) etc. In addition, the lncRNAs (XLOC_134491 and XLOC_036966) regulated the expression of their neighbouring genes, and genes related to tomato cracking were selected to construct a lncRNA-mRNA network influencing tomato cracking. Conclusions This study provides insight into the responsive network for water-induced cracking in tomato fruit. Specifically, lncRNAs regulate the hormone-redox-cell wall network, including plant hormone (auxin, ethylene) and ROS (H 2 O 2 ) signal transduction and many cell wall-related mRNAs (EXP, PG, XTH), as well as some lncRNAs ( XLOC_134491 and XLOC_104931, etc.). Keywords Tomato, LncRNA, mRNA, Transcriptome, Network, Fruit cracking

scholarly journals LncRNA regulates tomato fruit cracking by coordinating gene expression via a  hormone-redox-cell wall network

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingzi Xue ◽  
Mintao Sun ◽  
Zhen Wu ◽  
Lu Yu ◽  
Qinghui Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Stress Signals

Abstract Background Fruit cracking occurs easily under unsuitable environmental conditions and is one of the main types of damage that occurs in fruit production. It is widely accepted that plants have developed defence mechanisms and regulatory networks that respond to abiotic stress, which involves perceiving, integrating and responding to stress signals by modulating the expression of related genes. Fruit cracking is also a physiological disease caused by abiotic stress. It has been reported that a single or several genes may regulate fruit cracking. However, almost none of these reports have involved cracking regulatory networks. Results Here, RNA expression in 0 h, 8 h and 30 h saturated irrigation-treated fruits from two contrasting tomato genotypes, ‘LA1698’ (cracking-resistant, CR) and ‘LA2683’ (cracking-susceptible, CS), was analysed by mRNA and lncRNA sequencing. The GO pathways of the differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly enriched in the ‘hormone metabolic process’, ‘cell wall organization’, ‘oxidoreductase activity’ and ‘catalytic activity’ categories. According to the gene expression analysis, significantly differentially expressed genes included Solyc02g080530.3 ( Peroxide, POD ), Solyc01g008710.3 ( Mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase, MAN ), Solyc08g077910.3 ( Expanded, EXP ), Solyc09g075330.3 ( Pectinesterase , PE ), Solyc07g055990.3 ( Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase-hydrolase 7, XTH7 ), Solyc12g011030.2 ( X yloglucan endotransglucosylase-hydrolase 9 , XTH9 ), Solyc10g080210.2 ( Polygalacturonase-2, PG2 ), Solyc08g081010.2 ( Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, gamma-GCS ), Solyc09g008720.2 ( Ethylene receptor , ER ), Solyc11g042560.2 ( Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 4, ERF4 ) etc. In addition, the lncRNAs (XLOC_134491 and XLOC_036966) regulated the expression of their neighbouring genes, and genes related to tomato cracking were selected to construct a lncRNA-mRNA network influencing tomato cracking. Conclusions This study provides insight into the responsive network for water-induced cracking in tomato fruit. Specifically, lncRNAs regulate the hormone-redox-cell wall network, including plant hormone (auxin, ethylene) and ROS (H 2 O 2 ) signal transduction and many cell wall-related mRNAs (EXP, PG, XTH), as well as some lncRNAs ( XLOC_134491 and XLOC_104931, etc.). Keywords Tomato, LncRNA, mRNA, Transcriptome, Network, Fruit cracking

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Mediated Regulation of Polyamines and Aquaporins During Abiotic Stress: Deep Insights on the Recondite Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karuna Sharma ◽  
Samta Gupta ◽  
Sarda Devi Thokchom ◽  
Pooja Jangir ◽  
Rupam Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Current State ◽  
Stress Signals ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Molecular Bases

Environmental stresses of (a)biotic origin induce the production of multitudinous compounds (metabolites and proteins) as protective defense mechanisms in plants. On account of the regulation of some of these compounds, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) reinforce the inherent tolerance of plants toward the stress of different origins and kind. This article reviews two specific fundamental mechanisms that are categorically associated with mycorrhiza in alleviating major abiotic stresses, salt, drought, and heavy metal (HM) toxicity. It puts emphasis on aquaporins (AQPs), the conduits of water and stress signals; and polyamines (PAs), the primordial stress molecules, which are regulated by AMF to assure water, nutrient, ion, and redox homeostasis. Under stressful conditions, AMF-mediated host AQP responses register distinct patterns: an upregulation to encourage water and nutrient uptake; a downregulation to restrict water loss and HM uptake; or no alterations. The patterns thereof are apparently an integrative outcome of the duration, intensity, and type of stress, AMF species, the interaction of fungal AQPs with that of plants, and the host type. However, the cellular and molecular bases of mycorrhizal influence on host AQPs are largely unexplored. The roles of PAs in augmenting the antioxidant defense system and improving the tolerance against oxidative stress are well-evident. However, the precise mechanism by which mycorrhiza accords stress tolerance by influencing the PA metabolism per se is abstruse and broadly variable under different stresses and plant species. This review comprehensively analyzes the current state-of-art of the involvement of AMF in “PA and AQP modulation” under abiotic stress and identifies the lesser-explored landscapes, gaps in understanding, and the accompanying challenges. Finally, this review outlines the prospects of AMF in realizing sustainable agriculture and provides insights into potential thrust areas of research on AMF and abiotic stress.

scholarly journals 304 Effects of Calcium and Magnesium on Growth, Fruit Yield, and Quality of Greenhouse Tomato Grown in Rockwool

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 444B-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuming Hao ◽  
Athanasios P. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
High Calcium

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Trust was grown in rockwool in summer and fall 1999 and 8 calcium/magnesium nutrient treatments, formed by two levels of calcium (Ca: 150 and 300 ppm) and four levels of magnesium (Mg: 20, 50, 80, and 110 ppm), were applied to investigate the effects on growth, fruit yield and quality. High calcium (300 ppm) increased overall fruit yield and size, reduced incidence of blossom-end rot and fruit cracking. However, high calcium also reduced the dry-matter content, soluble solid content and firmness of tomato fruit, and increased fruit russetting. Magnesium did not affect early growth or fruit production. However, 2 months after applying the treatments, the plants grown under 20 ppm Mg started to show Mg-deficient symptoms (leaf chlorosis), and Mg-deficient leaves lost more than 50% of their photosynthetic capability. The Mg concentration required for achieving high yield of firm fruit with high soluble solids and dry-matter content increased as the plant aged; i.e, 50 ppm in early stage of fruit production and 80 ppm in later stage of fruit production. At the end of experiment, the plants grown with 80 ppm of Mg also had the best root systems. Therefore, for both better yield and quality, a concentration of 300/50-80 ppm Ca/Mg may be recommended. Mg concentration may be started at 50 ppm and gradually be increased to 80 ppm in the later stage of fruit production.

scholarly journals LncRNA regulates tomato fruit cracking by coordinating gene expression via a hormone-redox-cell wall network

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingzi Xue ◽  
Mintao Sun ◽  
Zhen Wu ◽  
Lu Yu ◽  
Qinghui Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Cracking

scholarly journals Transcriptome divergence between developmental senescence and premature senescence in Nicotiana tabacum L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Zhao ◽  
Jia-Wen Zhang ◽  
Shao-Hao Lu ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Premature Senescence ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
Physiological Measurement ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Stress Induced Premature Senescence ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractSenescence is a degenerative process triggered by intricate and coordinated regulatory networks, and the mechanisms of age-dependent senescence and stress-induced premature senescence still remain largely elusive. Thus we selected leaf samples of developmental senescence (DS) and premature senescence (PS) to reveal the regulatory divergence. Senescent leaves were confirmed by yellowing symptom and physiological measurement. A total of 1171 and 309 genes (DEGs) were significantly expressed respectively in the whole process of DS and PS. Up-regulated DEGs in PS were mostly related to ion transport, while the down-regulated DEGs were mainly associated with oxidoreductase activity and sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis. In DS, photosynthesis, precursor metabolites and energy, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, flavonoid biosynthesis were notable. Moreover, we found the vital pathways shared by DS and PS, of which the DEGs were analyzed further via protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis to explore the alteration responding to two types of senescence. In addition, plant hormone transduction pathway was mapped by related DEGs, suggesting that ABA and ethylene signaling played pivotal roles in formulating the distinction of DS and PS. Finally, we conducted a model containing oxidative stress and ABA signaling as two hub points, which highlighted the major difference and predicted the possible mechanism under DS and PS. This work gained new insight into molecular divergence of developmental senescence and premature senescence and would provide reference on potential mechanism initiating and motivating senescence for further study.

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