Investigation of the Dynamic Regulation Mechanisms of Small Non-Coding RNA in Response to Drought Stress in Qingke Barley
Abstract Background Drought is a common abiotic stressor that exerts a great influence on grain security worldwide. The mechanisms underlying the small non-coding RNA regulation of plant drought responses remain unclear.Results In this study, drought-resistant (Xila-16, Xila) and drought-sensitive (DingqingHYG, Diqing) ecotypes were selected. A systematic analysis was performed on the microRNAs and tRNA-derived fragments in small RNA sequencing data. By predicting the target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs and analysing their pathway, this study identified HVUL2H01030.2, HVUL2H06276.2, HVUL2H00175.2 and other important target genes. The analysis also identified base excision repair and other adversity stress-related pathways. tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs), as a novel type of small noncoding RNA, exist widely in organisms, but no study has shown that tRFs play a role in the drought resistance of qingke barley. Based on systematic identification and characteristic analysis of tRFs in small RNA sequencing data, this study found that qingke barley had a tendency to produce more tRFs under drought stress. These tRFs were widely expressed, showed specific tRNA cleavage modes and had conservative intertreatment cleavage and other characteristics.Conclusions Our findings lay the foundation for further investigation of the action mechanism of such novel small noncoding RNAs in the drought resistance of qingke barley.