Neuropathological changes in dorsal root ganglia induced by pyridoxine in dogs

Abstract Background: Pyridoxine (PDX), vitamin B 6 , is an essential vitamin. PDX deficiency induces various symptoms and abuse of PDX supplement also acts as a neurotoxicant that induces severe sensory neuropathy. Results: To construct a sensory neuropathy model in dogs, excess pyridoxine (PDX) was injected subcutaneously into dogs for seven days and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were observed at 0, 1 and 4 weeks after the last PDX treatment. During the administration period, body weight loss and proprioceptive loss occurred. After the treatments were completed, electrophysiological recordings showed that the H-reflex of the treated dogs had disappeared at week 0. These phenomena persisted for four weeks exceptional body weight. CV and HE staining revealed that neurons in DRG had significant loss of large-sized neurons 0 weeks, but these neurons were recovered 4 weeks. Iba-1 and GFAP immunohistochemistry showed that reactive microgliosis and satellite glial cells were pronounced at 1 week. Conclusions: This result suggests that PDX-induced neuropathy model is reversible and can be a good experimental model for research on neuropathy in dogs.

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Neuropathological changes in dorsal root ganglia induced by pyridoxine in dogs

10.21203/rs.2.17162/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sumin Yun ◽

Woosuk Kim ◽

Min Soo Kang ◽

Tae Hyeong Kim ◽

Yoonhwan Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Glial Cells ◽

Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽

Calcium Binding ◽

Dorsal Root ◽

Sensory Neuropathy ◽

Significant Loss ◽

Reactive Microglia ◽

Satellite Glial Cells ◽

Electrophysiological Recordings

Abstract Background: Pyridoxine (PDX), vitamin B6, is an essential vitamin. PDX deficiency induces various symptoms and abuse of PDX supplement also acts as a neurotoxicant that induces severe sensory neuropathy. Results: To assess the possibility of reversible sensory neuropathy model using dogs, 150 mg/kg pyridoxine (PDX) was injected subcutaneously into dogs for seven days and body weight measurement, postural reaction assessments, and electrophysiological recordings were conducted. In addition, the morphology of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and changes of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactive satellite glial cells and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) immunoreactive microglia/macrophages were observed at 0, 1 and 4 weeks after the last PDX treatment. During the administration period, body weight loss and proprioceptive loss occurred. After the treatments were completed, electrophysiological recordings showed that the H-reflex of the treated dogs had disappeared at week 0. These phenomena persisted for four weeks exceptional body weight. CV and HE staining revealed that neurons in DRG had significant loss of large-sized neurons 0 and 1 week, but these neurons were recovered 4 weeks. Iba-1 and GFAP immunohistochemistry showed that reactive microglia/macrophages and satellite glial cells were pronounced at 0 and 1 weeks after the last PDX treatment, respectively and thereafter decreased with time after PDX treatment, respectively.Conclusions: This result suggests that PDX-induced neuropathy model is reversible and can be a good experimental model for research on neuropathy in dogs.

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Neuropathological changes in dorsal root ganglia induced by pyridoxine in dogs

10.21203/rs.2.17162/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sumin Yun ◽

Woosuk Kim ◽

Min Soo Kang ◽

Tae Hyeong Kim ◽

Yoonhwan Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽

Calcium Binding ◽

Dorsal Root ◽

Sensory Neuropathy ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Treatment Level ◽

Reactive Microglia ◽

Satellite Glial Cells ◽

Electrophysiological Recordings

Abstract Background: Pyridoxine (PDX; vitamin B6), is an essential vitamin. PDX deficiency induces various symptoms, and when PDX is misused it acts as a neurotoxicant, inducing severe sensory neuropathy. Results: To assess the possibility of creating a reversible sensory neuropathy model using dogs, 150 mg/kg of PDX was injected subcutaneously into dogs for seven days and body weight measurements, postural reaction assessments, and electrophysiological recordings were obtained. In addition, the morphology of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and changes in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactive satellite glial cells and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) immunoreactive microglia/macrophages were assessed at 1 day, 1 week, and 4 weeks after the last PDX treatment. During the administration period, body weight and proprioceptive losses occurred. One day after the last PDX treatment, electrophysiological recordings showed the absence of the H-reflex in the treated dogs. These phenomena persisted over the four post-treatment weeks, with the exception of body weight which recovered to the pre-treatment level. Staining (CV and HE) results revealed significant losses of large-sized neurons in the DRG at 1 day and 1 week after PDX treatment cessation, but the losses were recovered at 4 weeks post-treatment. The Iba-1 and GFAP immunohistochemistry results showed pronounced increases in reactive microglia/macrophage and satellite glial cell at 1 day and 1 week, respectively, after the last PDX treatment, and thereafter, immunoreactivity decreased with increasing time after PDX treatment. Conclusions: The results suggest that PDX-induced neuropathy is reversible in dogs; thus, dogs can be considered a good experimental model for research on neuropathy.

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Neuropathological changes in dorsal root ganglia induced by pyridoxine in dogs

10.21203/rs.2.17162/v5 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sumin Yun ◽

Woosuk Kim ◽

Min Soo Kang ◽

Tae Hyeong Kim ◽

Yoonhwan Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽

Calcium Binding ◽

Dorsal Root ◽

Sensory Neuropathy ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Treatment Level ◽

Reactive Microglia ◽

Satellite Glial Cells ◽

Electrophysiological Recordings

Abstract Background: Pyridoxine (PDX; vitamin B 6 ), is an essential vitamin. PDX deficiency induces various symptoms, and when PDX is misused it acts as a neurotoxicant, inducing severe sensory neuropathy. Results: To assess the possibility of creating a reversible sensory neuropathy model using dogs, 150 mg/kg of PDX was injected subcutaneously into dogs for seven days and body weight measurements, postural reaction assessments, and electrophysiological recordings were obtained. In addition, the morphology of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and changes in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactive satellite glial cells and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) immunoreactive microglia/macrophages were assessed at 1 day, 1 week, and 4 weeks after the last PDX treatment. During the administration period, body weight and proprioceptive losses occurred. One day after the last PDX treatment, electrophysiological recordings showed the absence of the H-reflex in the treated dogs. These phenomena persisted over the four post-treatment weeks, with the exception of body weight which recovered to the pre-treatment level. Staining (CV and HE) results revealed significant losses of large-sized neurons in the DRG at 1 day and 1 week after PDX treatment cessation, but the losses were recovered at 4 weeks post-treatment. The Iba-1 and GFAP immunohistochemistry results showed pronounced increases in reactive microglia/macrophage and satellite glial cell at 1 day and 1 week, respectively, after the last PDX treatment, and thereafter, immunoreactivity decreased with increasing time after PDX treatment. Conclusions: The results suggest that PDX-induced neuropathy is reversible in dogs; thus, dogs can be considered a good experimental model for research on neuropathy.

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Neuropathological changes in dorsal root ganglia induced by pyridoxine in dogs

10.21203/rs.2.17162/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sumin Yun ◽

Woosuk Kim ◽

Min Soo Kang ◽

Tae Hyeong Kim ◽

Yoonhwan Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽

Calcium Binding ◽

Dorsal Root ◽

Sensory Neuropathy ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Treatment Level ◽

Reactive Microglia ◽

Satellite Glial Cells ◽

Electrophysiological Recordings

Abstract Background: Pyridoxine (PDX; vitamin B 6 ), is an essential vitamin. PDX deficiency induces various symptoms, and when PDX is misused it acts as a neurotoxicant, inducing severe sensory neuropathy. Results: To assess the possibility of creating a reversible sensory neuropathy model using dogs, 150 mg/kg of PDX was injected subcutaneously into dogs for seven days and body weight measurements, postural reaction assessments, and electrophysiological recordings were obtained. In addition, the morphology of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and changes in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactive satellite glial cells and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) immunoreactive microglia/macrophages were assessed at 1 day, 1 week, and 4 weeks after the last PDX treatment. During the administration period, body weight and proprioceptive losses occurred. One day after the last PDX treatment, electrophysiological recordings showed the absence of the H-reflex in the treated dogs. These phenomena persisted over the four post-treatment weeks, with the exception of body weight which recovered to the pre-treatment level. Staining (CV and HE) results revealed significant losses of large-sized neurons in the DRG at 1 day and 1 week after PDX treatment cessation, but the losses were recovered at 4 weeks post-treatment. The Iba-1 and GFAP immunohistochemistry results showed pronounced increases in reactive microglia/macrophage and satellite glial cell at 1 day and 1 week, respectively, after the last PDX treatment, and thereafter, immunoreactivity decreased with increasing time after PDX treatment. Conclusions: The results suggest that PDX-induced neuropathy is reversible in dogs; thus, dogs can be considered a good experimental model for research on neuropathy.

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Effects of Mild and Severe Vitamin B1 Deficiencies on the Meiotic Maturation of Mice Oocytes

Nutrition and Metabolic Insights ◽

10.1177/1178638817693824 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 117863881769382 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ai Tsuji ◽

Toshinobu Nakamura ◽

Katsumi Shibata

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Vitamin B1 ◽

Test Group ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Meiotic Maturation ◽

Control Group ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Severe Vitamin ◽

Oocyte Meiosis

We investigated the effects of vitamin B1 deficiency on the meiosis maturation of oocytes. Female Crl:CD1 (ICR) mice were fed a 20% casein diet (control group) or a vitamin B1–free diet (test group). The vitamin B1 concentration in ovary was approximately 30% lower in the test group than in the control group. Oocyte meiosis was not affected by vitamin B1 deficiency when the deficiency was not accompanied by body weight loss. On the contrary, frequency of abnormal oocyte was increased by vitamin B1 deficiency when deficiency was accompanied by body weight loss (referred to as severe vitamin B1 deficiency; frequency of abnormal oocyte, 13.8% vs 43.7%, P = .0071). The frequency of abnormal oocytes was decreased by refeeding of a vitamin B1–containing diet (13.9% vs 22.9%, P = .503). These results suggest that severe vitamin B1 deficiency inhibited meiotic maturation of oocytes but did not damage immature oocytes.

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Body weight, dentition and longevity in Equus przewalskii kept in the Prague Zoo (Perissodactyla: Equidae)

Lynx, new series ◽

10.2478/lynx-2016-0009 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 133-136

Author(s):

Jiří Volf

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Normal Condition ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Significant Loss ◽

The Body ◽

Pathological Changes ◽

Equus Przewalskii ◽

Tooth Abrasion

Abstract The survival rate in ungulates is limited by tooth-abrasion that makes it difficult for senescent individuals to feed effectively. I examined correlation between age, body weight and dentition condition in the Przewalski’s horses (Equus przewalskii) kept in the Prague Zoo. The body weight of thirty adult horses aged 2–25 years ranged 250–300 kg. The individuals older than 30 years showed a significant loss in body weight up to one third of the normal condition. However, the weight loss was less pronounced in alpha individuals. For example, the stallion “Uran” weighted 270 kg even after he reached the age of 30 years. The weight loss in senescent individuals was generally correlated with pathological changes in dentition caused by gradual abrasion of the teeth. On the contrary, only six individuals (less than 3%) kept in the Prague Zoo lived longer than 30 years, although the mare “Verona” reached the age of almost 37 years which is the highest age ever recorded in the Przewalski’s horse. Anyway, the tooth-abrasion is an important factor leading to body weight loss in the majority of the senescent Przewalski’s horses.

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