scholarly journals Assessment of risk factors for early childhood caries at different ages in Shandong, China and reflections on oral health education: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Wang ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Xinyue Zhang ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Yanan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Dental Visit ◽  
Deciduous Dentition ◽  
Oral Health Education ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Feeding Methods

Abstract Background: The high prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) is widespread around the world, and oral health education (OHE) plays a vital role in preventing ECC. Numerous studies on ECC risk factor assessment have assisted us enrich the content of OHE. The objective of this study, while, was to further assess independent risk factors for ECC at different ages and provide evidence and insight for OHE. Methods : Data about oral health status, and oral health knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) from the questionnaire completed by caregivers among children 3 to 5 years of age (N=1301) in Shandong province were extracted from the 4 th National Oral Health Survey in China. The association between ECC prevalence and various KAP variables was tested in Chi-square test, bivariate analysis and by multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: The ECC prevalence in Shandong province was 64.6%, the dmft mean was 3.15. Independent associations with increased risk for ECC were age, feeding method within 6 months of birth, bedtime sugar frequency, the experience of toothache over past one year and dental visit. And feeding methods primarily contribute to the high risk of 3-year-old group, while sugar habits mainly contribute to 5-year-old group. The association between brushing and ECC was not confirmed in this study, and correct cognition was unexpectedly positively correlated with the high risk of ECC. Conclusion: These data provide evidence to suggest that the ECC-related risk factors at different ages are inconsistent, which give some insights for OHE, that is in addition to promoting preventive dental visit, we should also highlight the effect of feeding methods in the early of deciduous dentition and sugar habits in the late stage of deciduous dentition on ECC and the supplement of practice training.

scholarly journals Assessment of risk factors for early childhood caries at different ages in Shandong, China and reflections on oral health education: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Wang ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Xinyue Zhang ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Yanan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Deciduous Dentition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Health Education ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Feeding Methods

Abstract Background: The high prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) is widespread around the world, and oral health education (OHE) plays a vital role in preventing ECC. Numerous studies on ECC risk factor assessment have assisted us in enriching the content of OHE. The objective of this study was to further assess independent risk factors for ECC at different ages to provide evidence and insights for OHE.Methods: Children aged 3-5 years old (N=1301) in Shandong Province were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Data about oral health status and guardians’ oral health knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) were extracted from the 4th National Oral Health Survey of China. The associations between ECC prevalence and various KAP variables were tested with chi-square tests, bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression analyses.Results: The ECC prevalence in Shandong Province was 64.6%, and the dmft mean was 3.15. The independent variables with an increased risk for ECC were age, feeding method within 6 months of birth, bedtime sugar frequency, experience of toothache over the past year and dental visits. Feeding methods primarily contributed to the high risk of the 3-year-old group, while sugar habits mainly contributed to that of the 5-year-old group. The association between brushing and ECC was not confirmed in this study, and some positive knowledge and attitude variables were unexpectedly positively correlated with a high risk of ECC. Conclusion: These data provide evidence to suggest that the ECC-related risk factors at different ages are inconsistent, which provides some insights for OHE. Specifically, in addition to promoting preventive dental visit, we should highlight the effects of feeding methods in the early stages of deciduous dentition and sugar habits in the late stages of deciduous dentition on ECC, as well as encourage supplemental training for food oral health practices.

scholarly journals Assessment of risk factors for early childhood caries at different ages in Shandong, China and reflections on oral health education: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Xinyue Zhang ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Yanan Li ◽  
Chunchun Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Deciduous Dentition ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Health Education ◽  
Different Ages

Abstract Background: The high prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) is widespread around the world, and oral health education (OHE) plays a vital role in preventing ECC. Numerous studies on ECC risk factor assessment have assisted us in enriching the content of OHE. The objective of this study was to further assess independent risk factors for ECC at different ages to provide evidence and insights for OHE.Methods: Children aged 3-5 years old (N=1301) in Shandong Province were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Data about oral health status and caregivers’ oral health knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) were extracted from the 4th National Oral Health Survey of China. The associations between ECC prevalence and various KAP variables were tested with chi-square tests, bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression analyses.Results: The ECC prevalence in Shandong Province was 64.6%, and the dmft mean was 3.15. The independent variables with an increased risk for ECC were age, feeding method within 6 months of birth, bedtime sugar frequency, experience of toothache over the past year and dental visits (P<0.05, chi-square tests). Complete breastfeeding within 6 months of birth primarily contributed to the high ECC risk of the 3-year-old group (OR: 3.39, 95% CI: 1.41-8.17), while high frequency bedtime sweet consumption mainly contributed to that of the 5-year-old group (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 1.03-10.06; logistic regression analysis). Tooth brushing was not associated with ECC in this study, and some positive knowledge and attitude variables were positively correlated with a high risk of ECC.Conclusion: These data provide evidence to suggest that the ECC-related risk factors at different ages are inconsistent, which provides some insights for OHE. We should highlight the effects of feeding methods in the early stages of deciduous dentition and sugar habits in the late stages of deciduous dentition on ECC, as well as encourage preventive dental visit and supplemental training for oral health practices.

scholarly journals Assessment of risk factors for early childhood caries at different ages in Shandong, China and reflections on oral health education: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Xinyue Zhang ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Yanan Li ◽  
Chunchun Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Deciduous Dentition ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Health Education ◽  
Different Ages

Abstract Background: The high prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) is widespread around the world, and oral health education (OHE) plays a vital role in preventing ECC. Numerous studies on ECC risk factor assessment have assisted us in enriching the content of OHE. The objective of this study was to further assess independent risk factors for ECC at different ages to provide evidence and insights for OHE. Methods : Children aged 3-5 years old (N=1301) in Shandong Province were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Data about oral health status and caregivers’ oral health knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) were extracted from the 4th National Oral Health Survey of China. The associations between ECC prevalence and various KAP variables were tested with chi-square tests, bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: The ECC prevalence in Shandong Province was 64.6%, and the dmft mean was 3.15. The independent variables with an increased risk for ECC were age, feeding method within 6 months of birth, bedtime sugar frequency, experience of toothache over the past year and dental visits (P <0.05, chi-square tests). Complete artificial feeding within 6 months of birth primarily contributed to the high risk of the 3-year-old group (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.12-0.69), while high frequency bedtime sweet consumption mainly contributed to that of the 5-year-old group (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 1.03-10.06; logistic regression analysis). Interestedly, tooth brushing was not associated with ECC in this study, and some positive knowledge and attitude variables were positively correlated with a high risk of ECC. Conclusion : These data provide evidence to suggest that the ECC-related risk factors at different ages are inconsistent, which provides some insights for OHE. We should highlight the effects of feeding methods in the early stages of deciduous dentition and sugar habits in the late stages of deciduous dentition on ECC, as well as encourage preventive dental visit and supplemental training for oral health practices.

scholarly journals Sugary Liquids in the Baby Bottle: Risk for Child Undernutrition and Severe Tooth Decay in Rural El Salvador

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Priyanka Achalu ◽  
Abhishek Bhatia ◽  
Bathsheba Turton ◽  
Lucy Luna ◽  
Karen Sokal-Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Baby Bottle ◽  
Childhood Caries

As communities worldwide shift from consuming traditional diets to more processed snacks and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), increases in child obesity and tooth decay and persistence of undernutrition are particularly apparent in Latin American countries. Further evidence of shared risk factors between child undernutrition and poor oral health outcomes is needed to structure more effective health interventions for children’s nutrition. This study aims to identify dietary, oral health, and sociodemographic risk factors for child undernutrition and severe early childhood caries (sECC) among a convenience sample of 797 caregiver–child pairs from rural Salvadoran communities. Caregiver interviews on child dietary and oral health practices were conducted, and their children’s height, weight, and dental exam data were collected. Multivariable regression analyses were performed using RStudio (version 1.0.143). Caregiver use of SSBs in the baby bottle was identified as a common significant risk factor for child undernutrition (p = 0.011) and sECC (p = 0.047). Early childhood caries (p = 0.023) was also a risk factor for developing undernutrition. Future maternal–child health and nutrition programs should coordinate with oral health interventions to discourage feeding children SSBs in the baby bottle and to advocate for policies limiting SSB marketing to young children and their families.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated Risk Factors of Severe Early Childhood Caries in 12- to 36-month-old Children of Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu G Mangla ◽  
Raman Kapur ◽  
Abhishek Dhindsa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Day Care Centers ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

ABSTRACT Aim To assess the prevalence, distribution, and associated risk factors of severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) among 12- to 36-month-old children of district Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India. Materials and methods The present study was conducted on a random sample of 510 children, both boys and girls, between 12 and 36 months of age randomly selected from various government-sponsored day-care centers, private day-care centers, and vaccination centers. Caries was recorded using World Health Organization criteria. Statistical analysis was done by using chi-square test and Mann–Whitney test. A two-sided p value was calculated for each statistical test. Multiple logistic regressions were done to calculate the risk of S-ECC from independent variables. Results In the present study, S-ECC was found in 21% of 510, 12 to 36 months old children of Sirmaur district, Himachal Pradesh. The S-ECC was found to be significantly higher in 25 to 36 months old children's age group and was 27.8% in them as compared with 8% in 12 to 24 months old children. Conclusion Providing anticipatory guidance and education to parents is essential for the promotion of optimal oral health of their children. There is a need for moving upstream to propose and implement policies and programs to improve the oral health of the very young, especially in a developing country like India, which lacks much data on S-ECC. How to cite this article Mangla RG, Kapur R, Dhindsa A, Madan M. Prevalence and associated Risk Factors of Severe Early Childhood Caries in 12- to 36-month-old Children of Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):183-187.

scholarly journals A systematic review of the effectiveness of preventive maternal programs delivered by non-dental professionals to control early childhood caries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajesh George ◽  
Mariana S Sousa ◽  
Ariana C Kong ◽  
Anthony Blinkhorn ◽  
Tiffany Patterson Norrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Oral Health Education ◽  
Dental Professionals ◽  
Childhood Caries ◽  
Oral Health Outcomes

Abstract Background: Early childhood caries is a common chronic childhood disease and maternal oral health is an important risk factor. Improving the oral health knowledge and practices of pregnant women/young mothers can positively influence the oral health of children and reduce their caries risk. Such preventative strategies have been undertaken by non-dental professionals producing mixed results encompassing various interventions across the perinatal period. However, no comprehensive review of these studies has been undertaken. The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of maternal oral health programs undertaken during the antenatal and/or postnatal period by non-dental health professionals to reduce early childhood caries. Methods: A systematic search of five databases was undertaken using key search terms. Studies were included if they (a) involved quantitative study designs with a control; (b) were published in English; (c) reported on interventions delivered by non-dental professionals (d) delivered the intervention to expectant mothers or mothers with young infants up to 24 months; (e) measured outcomes when the child was under 5 years; (f) measured changes in oral health outcomes of children clinically and oral health behaviours of mothers or children. No restrictions were placed on the study quality and setting. Results: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria and involved interventions delivered by diverse non-dental professionals across the antenatal (n=1), postnatal (n=6) and perinatal period (n=2). Most studies were of low methodological quality (n=6). The interventions focussed on oral health education (n=8), dental referrals (n=3) and oral health assessments (n=1). Interventions conducted in either the postnatal or antenatal periods showed meaningful improvements in children’s clinical and mother’s behavioural oral health outcomes. The outcomes appear to be sustained when a suite of interventions were used along with referral reminders. There were mixed results from interventions across the perinatal period. Conclusions: Non-dental professionals can promote maternal oral health and reduce ECC in children by providing oral health education, risk assessment and referrals. Combining these interventions could provide a sustained improvement in oral health outcomes for children. However, more high-quality studies are needed to confirm whether the antenatal and/or postnatal period is best suited to deliver these interventions.

scholarly journals Reshuffling the Risk Factors of Severe Early Childhood Caries

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noha Kabil ◽  
Sherif Eltaweil
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Dental Visit ◽  
Preventive Program ◽  
Common Chronic Disease ◽  
Night Feeding ◽  
Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

Severe early childhood caries remains the most common chronic disease affecting children. Its multifactorial etiology has established a controversy about which risk factors were more significant to its development. Therefore our study aimed through meticulous statistical analysis to arrange the &ldquo;well agreed upon&rdquo; common risk factors in order of significance, to aid the clinician in tailoring an adequate preventive program for this affected age group. The study reshuffled the risk factors contributing to severe early childhood caries and placed them in the order of their significance as follows: snacking of sugary food several times a day, increased number of siblings to 3 or more, night feeding, child self-employed brushing, mother caries experience, 2 siblings, on demand feeding, once/day sugary food, sharing utensils, 1 Sibling, male gender, father&rsquo;s education, late first child dental visit, brushing time, mother&rsquo;s education, no dental visit, decreased brushing frequency &amp; no night brushing.

scholarly journals The prevalence and risk factors of Early Childhood Caries among 3-year-old children in Wenzhou

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqin Mei ◽  
Zhiyuan Wei ◽  
Qiao Li ◽  
Xiping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Oral Health Knowledge ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) among 3-year-old children in Wenzhou China. Methods Kindergarten children aged 3 were recruited using a stratified cluster sampling method. Dental examinations were conducted by one trained dentist, and oral health-related data were collected. Examinations were surface-specific for dental caries, following World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Bivariate tests and logistic regression models were used to assess the association between ECC and different risk factors. Results A total of 693 children were recruited for the study, and 445 completed the dental examination. Among the 445 children, the prevalence of ECC was 59.8%. The mean decayed, missing, and filled primary teeth (dmft) was 2.9, and of the total dmft, only 6.3% were filled. The mean decayed, missing, and filled primary surface (dmfs) was 4.9. Logistic regression analyses identified age and parents’ oral health knowledge level were associated with the experience of ECC (P<0.05). Conclusions A higher prevalence of ECC was observed and most of the carious teeth were untreated. The experience of ECC was related to age and parents’ oral health knowledge level.

scholarly journals Randomized Trial of Motivational Interviewing to Prevent Early Childhood Caries in American Indian Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S. Batliner ◽  
T. Tiwari ◽  
W.G. Henderson ◽  
A.R. Wilson ◽  
S.E. Gregorich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Childhood Caries

Introduction: In a randomized controlled trial, the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) combined with enhanced community services (MI + ECS) was compared with ECS alone for reducing dental caries in American Indian children on the Pine Ridge Reservation. The intervention was developed and delivered with extensive tribal collaboration. Methods: A total 579 mother-newborn dyads were enrolled and randomized to the MI + ECS and ECS groups. They were followed for 36 mo. Four MI sessions were provided, the first shortly after childbirth and then 6, 12, and 18 mo later. Both groups were exposed to ECS, which included public service announcements through billboards and tribal radio, as well as broad distribution of brochures on behavioral risk factors for early childhood caries (ECC), toothbrushes, and toothpaste. MI impact was measured as decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs). Secondary outcomes included decayed surfaces, caries prevalence, and maternal oral health knowledge and behaviors. Modified intention-to-treat analyses were conducted. Eighty-eight percent of mothers completed at least 3 of 4 MI sessions offered. Results: After 3 y, dmfs was not significantly different for the 2 groups (MI + ECS = 10, ECS = 10.38, P = 0.68). In both groups, prevalence of caries experience was 7% to 9% after 1 y, 35% to 36% at 2 y, and 55% to 56% at 3 y. Mean knowledge scores increased by 5.0, 5.3, and 5.9 percentage points at years 1, 2, and 3 in the MI + ECS group and by 1.9, 3.3, and 5.0 percentage points in the ECS group (P = 0.03), respectively. Mean maternal oral health behavior scores were not statistically significantly different between the treatment arms. Conclusion: In summary, the MI intervention appeared to improve maternal knowledge but had no effect on oral health behaviors or on the progression of ECC (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01116726). Knowledge Transfer Statement: The findings of this study suggest that motivational interviewing focusing on parental behaviors may not be as effective as previously hoped for slowing the development of childhood caries in some high-risk groups. Furthermore, social factors may be even more salient determinants of oral health than what we previously supposed, perhaps interfering with the capacity to benefit from behavioral strategies that have been useful elsewhere. The improvement of children’s oral health in high-risk populations characterized by poverty and multiple related life stresses may require more holistic approaches that address these formidable barriers.

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