scholarly journals Training effect on performance of mediolateral episiotomies for obstetricians and midwives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baihui Zhao ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Fangfang Xi ◽  
Tian Dong ◽  
Yuqun Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Training Effect ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mediolateral Episiotomy ◽  
Training History ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Special Paper ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Simulated Training

Abstract Background: Simulation as an extensive used method for obstetric education is usually practiced for beginners, here we offered a course with simulated practice of performing a mediolateral episiotomy (MLE) for obstetricians and midwives in different seniority, and to evaluate the training effect on their knowledge and accuracy of cutting a MLE before and after the course.Methods: 82 participants were recruited at three different obstetric centers, included 35 obstetricians and 47 midwives. More than 5 years obstetric work in their careers were deemed to senior ones, and there were 29 junior and 53 senior ones. A 30 minutes training course were given to all participants by one senior obstetrician. Special paper pads simulating perineum at crowning were used to cut MLE before and after the course, and a questionnaire about their occupation characteristics was given before the course. Three parameters of the MLE were analyzed and compared. Results: On performing MLE, midwives had more training history and conducted cases than obstetricians (p < 0.01). After the course, the mean values of three parameters were significantly increased from 31.46 mm in length, 48 degrees in angle and 9.09 mm in distance to 34.29 mm, 50.622 degrees and 10.82 mm respectively. In subgroups, obstetricians had angle degrees increased significantly (p =0.022), while midwives had the length and distance increased significantly (p=0.001, p=0.004). Senior participants had the length and distance of incisions increased significantly (P=0.008, P=0.020), the accuracy of these two parameters also improved significantly (P=0.002, P=0.034). In subgroups of midwives and seniors, the accuracy of the length and distance also improved significantly after the course.Conclusions: Obstetricians need more professional training about midwifery including episiotomy. Simulated training of this mode is suitable for obstetric education like performing MLE. The absence of senior obstetricians and midwives should be avoided in such medical education.

scholarly journals Training effect on performance of mediolateral episiotomies for obstetricians and midwifes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baihui Zhao ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Fangfang Xi ◽  
Tian Dong ◽  
Yuqun Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Effect ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Training Course ◽  
Mediolateral Episiotomy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Special Paper ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Parameters

Abstract BackgroundTo evaluate the training effect among variant practitioners, accompany with their knowledge and accuracy of cutting a mediolateral episiotomy (MLE) before and after the training.Methods 82 participants were recruited at three different obstetric centers, included 35 obstetricians and 47 midwives. A 30 minutes training course were given to all participants by one senior obstetrician. Special paper pads simulating perineum at crowning were used to cut a MLE before and after the course, and a questionnaire about their occupation characteristics was given before the course. Parameters of the MLE were analyzed and compared between some subgroups before and after the course.Results After the course, the mean values of three parameters were significantly increased from 3.146 cm in length, 48 degrees in angle and 0.909 cm in distance to 3.429cm, 50.622degrees and 1.082cm respectively. And doctors had increased angle degrees significantly (P=0.022), while midwives had increased the length and distance significantly (p=0.001and p=0.004). Only senior participants had increased the length and distance of incisions significantly (P=0.010, P=0.020), the accuracy of these two parameters also improved significantly (P=0.020, P=0.031). In subgroups of midwives and seniors, the accuracy of the length and distance also showed significantly increased after the course.Conclusions Training course can improve the knowledge of MLE. The angle, length and distance of incisions all increased and the accuracy of the length and distance significantly improved after course, and the senior participants profited more from the training course.

scholarly journals Influence of Apical Patency and Cleaning of the Apical Foramen on Periapical Extrusion in Retreatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 482-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marili Doro Andrade Deonizio ◽  
Gilson Blitzkow Sydney ◽  
Antonio Batista ◽  
Roberto Pontarolo ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Bittencourt Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Removal ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Root Canal Retreatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Removal Technique

This study evaluated the influence of apical patency, root filling removal technique and cleaning of the apical foramen, concerning the amount of debris extruded during root canal retreatment. Forty mandibular incisors were randomly assigned to 4 groups - GIM (n=10), GIIM (n=10), GIPT (n=10) and GIIPT (n=10), which were named according to leaving (I) or not (II) apical patency during canal preparation and filling removal technique (manual - M or ProTaper system - PT). After filling material removal, each specimen of each group had the apical foramen cleaned by sizes 15, 20 and 25 instruments, generating 12 subgroups: GIM15, GIM20, GIM25, GIIM15, GIIM20, GIIM25, GIPT15, GIPT20, GIPT25, GIIPT15, GIIPT20 and GIIPT25. Extruded filling debris was collected by a Milipore filtration system, an HV-durapore, 0.45 µm pore filter with a 25 mm diameter. The filters were weighed before and after the collection on an analytical scale (10–5 g), and the difference was calculated. The mean weight of extruded filling debris was analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman ANOVA tests (α=0.05). The mean values found in the groups (in mg) were: GIM (0.95±0.94), GIIM (0.47±0.62), GIPT (0.30±0.31) and GIIPT (0.32±0.44). There was no statistically significant difference among any of the groups or subgroups (p>0.05). ProTaper provided the smallest amount of extruded filling material, regardless of presence or absence of apical patency, followed by manual technique, without and with apical patency. Additional amounts of debris were collected during cleaning of the apical foramen, regardless of the instrument, presence/absence of patency or root filling removal technique.

scholarly journals Height difference between the vestibular and palatal walls and palatal width: a cone beam computed tomography approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. López-Jarana ◽  
C. M. Díaz-Castro ◽  
A. Falcão ◽  
C. Falcão ◽  
J. V. Ríos-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Height Difference ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
Palatal Bone ◽  
Two Parameters

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to measure two parameters involved in tri-dimensional implant planning: the position of the buccal and palatal bone wall and the palatal thickness. Methods Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images (Planmeca ProMax 3D) of 403 teeth (208 upper teeth and 195 lower teeth) were obtained from 49 patients referred to the Dental School of Seville from January to December 2014. The height difference between the palatal and buccal walls was measured on the most coronal point of both walls. The thickness of the palatal wall was measured 2 mm from the most coronal point of the palatal wall. Results The mean values in the maxilla were 1.7 ± 0.9 mm for central and lateral incisors, 2.2 ± 1.7 mm for canines, 1.6 ± 0.9 mm for premolars and 1.9 ± 1.5 mm for molars. In the lower jaw, the mean values were 1.3 ± 0.8 mm for incisors, 1.7 ± 1.2 mm for canines, 2.3 ± 1.3 mm for premolars, and 2.6 ± 1.7 mm for molars. In the upper jaw, more than 55% of maxillary teeth (excluding second premolars and molars) presented mean height differences greater than 1 mm. In the mandible, more than 60% of incisors showed a buccal bone thickness of 1 mm from the apical to lingual aspect. All teeth except the second premolar presented a buccal wall located more than 1 mm more apically than the lingual bone wall. Conclusions The buccal bone wall is located more apically (greater than 1 mm) than the palatal or lingual table in most of the cases assessed. The thickness of the palatal or lingual table is also less than 2 mm in the maxilla and mandible, except in the upper canines and premolars and the lower molars.

Postural habits in adolescents: the influence of a school physiotherapy program on improving the knowledge of postures

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Minghelli
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Practical Test ◽  
Heavy Object ◽  
Physiotherapy Program ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

AbstractBackgroundSchool physiotherapy programs can promote an increase in health literacy promoting healthier postural habits. This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of this program in improving the theoretical-practical ergonomic knowledge about postures in adolescents and to verify the postural habits adopted.MethodsThe sample comprised 206 students, 109 (52.9%) being boys, aged 12–19 years old. The measurement instruments included a theoretical-practical test and a scale. The intervention program included one session lasting 90 min, using both theoretical and practical approaches.ResultsThe mean values obtained on the theoretical-practical test before and after the 1-month period were 9.14 ± 2.51 and 13.05 ± 1.41, respectively (p ≤ 0.001). One hundred and ninety-nine (96.6%) students sat with the spine wrongly positioned, 197 (95.6%) students used mobile phones with a cervical flexion, and 165 (80.1%) lifted a heavy object from the floor incorrectly.ConclusionsThis data revealed that a school physiotherapy program improves ergonomic knowledge in adolescents.

scholarly journals A novel prediction of simulated fluid responsiveness by echocardiography assessment of tricuspid annulus tissue velocity with passive leg raising

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 270-276
Author(s):  
Erden Erol Ünlüer ◽  
Arif Karagöz ◽  
Serdar Bayata ◽  
Sibel Çatalkaya ◽  
Hüseyin Bozdemir
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Fluid Responsiveness ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Passive Leg Raising ◽  
Tricuspid Annulus ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Level Of Significance

Background: Fluid responsiveness can be predicted by the effect of passive leg raising on cardiac output. Objectives: This research aimed to compare the changes in cardiac output and the peak systolic velocity values of Tricuspid annulus velocity at the free wall (S’) before and after passive leg raising in healthy volunteers. Methods: The study was approved by ethical commission. The desired sample size was 28, and 57 volunteers were included after they signed informed consent. The first measurements, including vital signs, S’, and cardiac output, were taken with the participants lying supine and were performed in the morning after 12 h fast. The participants were then asked to lie in a semirecumbent position for 3 min. After 3 min, the head of the bed was lowered to the supine position and the participants’ legs were elevated at 45°. Secondary measurements were repeated in this position. The differences between vital signs, cardiac output, and S’ measurements before and after passive leg raising were statistically compared. The level of significance was set as p < 0.05. Results: The mean values of cardiac output and S’ before passive leg raising was 9.59 L/min and 11.57 cm/s, respectively; however, those increased to 11.44 L/min and 13.72 cm/s after passive leg raising. The average increases were 16.17% for cardiac output and 15.67% for S’. The changes of cardiac output and S’ were statistically significant. The changes of vital signs before and after passive leg raising were statistically insignificant. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the concordance of rise in cardiac output with S’ change by passive leg raising in healthy subjects. Further studies are needed to validate the use of S’ values in critically ill subjects.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Results of Arthroscopic Release in Limits of Movement in Knees

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Sobhan ◽  
Seyed Hossein Saeed Banadaky ◽  
Mohammad Shafiee ◽  
Mohammad Gheisari
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Knee Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Arthroscopic Release ◽  
Lysholm Knee Score ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Limits of movement in knees is one of the most common complications following trauma and surgery. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment choices, knee replacement and performance improvement are expected in many patients. However, limits of movement in knees is unpleasant and should be corrected as soon as possible. In this study, we decided to evaluate the results of arthroscopic release in motion limits of knees. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study.14 patients who referred to the Shahid Sadoughi Hospital of Yazd from 2014 to 2016 and diagnosed with knee limitation (flexion or extension restriction of more than 10 degrees) were selected. Patients were undergone arthroscopic release and followed-up for 6 months. Lysholm knee score, degrees of flexion and extension, and patient satisfaction were evaluated. The results were analyzed by SPSS-18 and statistical tests Paired T-test as well as Spearman correlation. Results: The mean age of the patients was 28.92±10.99 years. The most common type of trauma in the patients was femoral distal fracture (46.7%). The frequency of the patients' satisfaction with arthroscopy was as followed: 50% (7 patients), had moderate satisfaction, 28.6% (4 ones), high satisfaction, and 21.4% (3 ones) had low satisfaction.The mean difference in Lysholm Knee Score, improvement in degree of extension, improvement in degree of flexion and pain score before and after arthroscopy were 26.21±14.11,64.78±26.13,3.57±2.92 and 4.13±1.65,respectively.There was a significant difference between the mean values of these factors before and after arthroscopy. Conclusion: According to the results obtained, we can conclude that arthroscopic release is an effective and low-complication method in motion limits of knees.

scholarly journals Adequacy of hand washing apples

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwaaragan Subamuralitharan ◽  
BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽  
Helen Heacock ◽  
Frederick Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Foodborne Illnesses ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Public ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Background: Foodborne illnesses linked to fresh produce has been on the rise in recent years. This increase in illnesses pose a massive burden to the healthcare system. One way to prevent this is through educating the public the importance of handwashing produce. There are many studies that have tested ways of washing and sanitizing fresh produce to reduce surface pathogens. However the average consumer mainly hand washes produce before consuming it. Thus this study intends to test the efficacy of hand washing by testing surface ATP on apples before and after they have been washed. Methods: Apples were purchased from the bulk section of a super market. ATP swabs were used to test the concentration of ATP on the surface of the apples. The values were recorded. All the apples were hand washed under running tap water for 15 seconds and the surface ATP concentration were obtained and recorded. The values were then compared to draw a conclusion. Results: The results show that there is statistically significant reduction in surface ATP values on apples after washing them (mean ATP value of 33.2) compared to before washing them (mean ATP value of 116.67). The p-value obtained was 0.00033 when α = 0.05. Conclusion: This study was able to conclude that there was a significant reduction in surface ATP values following handwashing of the apples. There was an observed 60% reduction in the mean values of ATP of before and after hand washing. In conclusion, hand washing apples do provide an adequate reduction of surface ATP values thus attaining surface cleanliness.  

scholarly journals Effects Of Home-Based Convergence Insufficiency Vision Therapy On Accommodation Among School Going Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (06) ◽  
pp. 4848-4853
Author(s):  
Andrew Wekesa ◽  
Mazximila Wanzala
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Convergence Insufficiency ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Home Based Therapy ◽  
Vision Therapy ◽  
The Town ◽  
Accommodative Facility

Effects of home-based convergence insufficiency vision therapy on accommodation among school going children Wekesa Andrew1, Wanzala Maximilla1 1Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology Kakamega, Kenya.   Abstract Background: Convergence and accommodation are always yoked together and any adjustment on the former affects the later. The most effective treatment for convergence insufficiency (CI) is vision therapy. Aim/Purpose: To determine the effects of home-based vision therapy on accommodation in school-going with CI attending the Masinde Muliro University Academic Vision Center in Kenya. Methods: A clinical experimental design involving 23 participants with the mean age of 14±2.4 years, were recruited into the study, however, only 18 were assessed after the therapy. The study took 9 weeks thus majority lost contact while others moved out of the town. Home-based vision therapy which is undertaken at home using a pencil or broke strings. During the therapy, accommodative values were monitored which were; negative relative accommodation, positive relative accommodation, dynamic accommodation, accommodative facility and near point of accommodation. Paired t-test used to compare mean values before and after the therapy. Results: The mean value of negative relative accommodation (NRA) before (mention what the mean values were here) and after (mention what the mean values were here) home-based therapy was statistically significant (p=0.01). However, the mean values before and after home-based therapy for the near point of accommodation (NPA), dynamic (Lag), relativity (PRA) and facility (MAF) showed no difference (p> 0.05). The mean value of the NRA before and after office-based vision therapy was statistically significant (p=0.01). Conclusion: The use of home-based vision therapy for the patients with CI had significant effects on accommodation changing from a lower limit to average after the therapy.   Keywords: Convergence insufficiency, Accommodation, Home-based vision therapy.

Analysis of the Effect of Cyclic Fatigue on the Flexural Strength of a Ceramoceramic System Used in Dental Prostheses

2018 ◽  
Vol 930 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Cristiane Fonseca de Carvalho ◽  
Cláudio Luis de Melo-Silva ◽  
Tereza Cristina Favieri de Melo-Silva ◽  
Fábio Amaral de Araújo ◽  
Jefferson Fabricio Cardoso Lins
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Ceramic Coating ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Cyclic Stresses ◽  
Dental Prostheses ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to analyze the flexural strength of ceramics based on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YTZP) , used in the manufacture of dental prostheses infrastructure before and after aging with cyclic fatigue in moisture. The samples were made by pre-sintered blocks of ZirkonTransluzent (Zirkonzahn GMHB) from YTZP ceramics with and without feldspathic ceramic coating, divided into groups: G1 = YTZP control; G2 = YTZP aged; G3 = YTZP + feldspathic; G4 = YTZP + aged feldspathic. The samples were submitted to a three-point bending test with a speed of 0.5 mm / min. The mean values of the flexural strength values were G1 = 645 MPa (DP ± 124), G2 = 681 MPa (DP ± 129), G3 = 904Mpa (DP ± 157) and G4 = 954Mpa (DP ± 243). The values of groups G1 and G2; G3 and G4 were statistically similar, depending on the presence or absence of coating. Cyclic stresses did not affect the flexural strength of the material

scholarly journals Thoracoabdominal mobility evaluation by photogrammetry in newborns after expiratory flow increase technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Isabel de Araújo Guerra ◽  
Danilo Alves Pinto Nagem ◽  
Cristiane Aparecida Moran ◽  
Valéria Lidyanne Souza Gomes ◽  
Juliana Macedo Campelo de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Paired T Test

Abstract Introduction: Expiratory flow increase is a maneuver of respiratory physical therapy that promotes flow direction to the upper airways however, when applied in newborns, it may result in changes of thoracoabdominal mobility. Objective: To evaluate the thoracoabdominal mobility by photogrammetry in newborns after expiratory flow increase technique. Methods: Experimental blind study performed with newborns in supine position on a support table with upper limbs flexed, abducted and externally rotated and hip flexed at 110°. Adhesive markers were allocated for geometric delimitation of the thoracoabdominal compartment and expiratory flow increase technique was performed for 5 minutes with the therapist’s hands on the thorax and abdomen. Newborns were filmed before and after the maneuver and the frames were analyzed in AutoCAD® software by a blinded investigator at the time of the procedure. The largest and the smallest thoracoabdominal area were expressed in cm2 and the mean values were compared between two moments (pre and post maneuver) by paired t test. Results: Twenty newborns with a mean age of 39 weeks were included. Before the maneuver, thoracoabdominal area was 56.1 cm2 during expiration and 59.7 cm2 during inspiration, and after the maneuver the value was 56.2 cm2 during expiration and 59.8 cm2 during inspiration, with no statistical difference between before and after (p = 0.97, p = 0.92, respectively). Conclusion: Results demonstrate that expiratory flow increase technique does not seem to change thoracoabdominal mobility of healthy newborns.

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