Influence of Apical Patency and Cleaning of the Apical Foramen on Periapical Extrusion in Retreatment

This study evaluated the influence of apical patency, root filling removal technique and cleaning of the apical foramen, concerning the amount of debris extruded during root canal retreatment. Forty mandibular incisors were randomly assigned to 4 groups - GIM (n=10), GIIM (n=10), GIPT (n=10) and GIIPT (n=10), which were named according to leaving (I) or not (II) apical patency during canal preparation and filling removal technique (manual - M or ProTaper system - PT). After filling material removal, each specimen of each group had the apical foramen cleaned by sizes 15, 20 and 25 instruments, generating 12 subgroups: GIM15, GIM20, GIM25, GIIM15, GIIM20, GIIM25, GIPT15, GIPT20, GIPT25, GIIPT15, GIIPT20 and GIIPT25. Extruded filling debris was collected by a Milipore filtration system, an HV-durapore, 0.45 µm pore filter with a 25 mm diameter. The filters were weighed before and after the collection on an analytical scale (10–5 g), and the difference was calculated. The mean weight of extruded filling debris was analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman ANOVA tests (α=0.05). The mean values found in the groups (in mg) were: GIM (0.95±0.94), GIIM (0.47±0.62), GIPT (0.30±0.31) and GIIPT (0.32±0.44). There was no statistically significant difference among any of the groups or subgroups (p>0.05). ProTaper provided the smallest amount of extruded filling material, regardless of presence or absence of apical patency, followed by manual technique, without and with apical patency. Additional amounts of debris were collected during cleaning of the apical foramen, regardless of the instrument, presence/absence of patency or root filling removal technique.

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Effect of smoking on cardiovascular autonomic functions

International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research ◽

10.16965/ijpr.2021.101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 3780-3784

Author(s):

P.Vani ◽

◽

Sharan B Singh M ◽

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Autonomic Function ◽

T Test ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Autonomic Functions ◽

Mean Values ◽

Function Tests ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is a prime risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Chronic smoking results in autonomic dysfunction leading to increased cardiovascular risk in smokers. The present study was planned to study the effect of smoking on the Cardiovascular Autonomic Functions among smokers. Materials and Methods: Fifty male subjects who were in the age group of 25 to 45 years. They were grouped into 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers. The participant subjects were selected among the staff members, residents and the patients from the routine OPD in SVIMS. Prior to study, they were informed about the procedure and the purpose of the study tests and written consents were obtained from them. The Cardiovascular Autonomic Function Tests were assessed by using a POLYGRAPH which was available in the department. Results and Conclusion: After applying the ‘t’-test for the difference between the two sample means, it was observed that there was a highly significant difference between the mean values of the BMI(i.e.p<0.01) and the para-sympathetic function tests among the smokers and the non – smokers(i.e.p<0.00). The Resting Heart Rate had significantly increased and the Deep breathing difference, the postural tachycardial index (Response to standing) and the Valsalva Ratio had significantly decreased in the smokers as compared to those in the non – smokers. After applying the ‘t’-test for the difference between the two sample means, it was observed that there was no significant difference between the mean values of the Postural hypotension test (i.e. p>0.05) and that there was a highly significant difference between the mean values of the Sustained handgrip test in the smokers and the non – smokers (i.e. p<0.00). KEY WORDS: Cardiovascular autonomic function tests, Smoking, Resting heart rate.

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Evaluation of the Results of Arthroscopic Release in Limits of Movement in Knees

Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.18502/ssu.v27i9.2308 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Reza Sobhan ◽

Seyed Hossein Saeed Banadaky ◽

Mohammad Shafiee ◽

Mohammad Gheisari

Keyword(s):

Statistical Tests ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Knee Score ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

Arthroscopic Release ◽

Lysholm Knee Score ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Limits of movement in knees is one of the most common complications following trauma and surgery. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment choices, knee replacement and performance improvement are expected in many patients. However, limits of movement in knees is unpleasant and should be corrected as soon as possible. In this study, we decided to evaluate the results of arthroscopic release in motion limits of knees. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study.14 patients who referred to the Shahid Sadoughi Hospital of Yazd from 2014 to 2016 and diagnosed with knee limitation (flexion or extension restriction of more than 10 degrees) were selected. Patients were undergone arthroscopic release and followed-up for 6 months. Lysholm knee score, degrees of flexion and extension, and patient satisfaction were evaluated. The results were analyzed by SPSS-18 and statistical tests Paired T-test as well as Spearman correlation. Results: The mean age of the patients was 28.92±10.99 years. The most common type of trauma in the patients was femoral distal fracture (46.7%). The frequency of the patients' satisfaction with arthroscopy was as followed: 50% (7 patients), had moderate satisfaction, 28.6% (4 ones), high satisfaction, and 21.4% (3 ones) had low satisfaction.The mean difference in Lysholm Knee Score, improvement in degree of extension, improvement in degree of flexion and pain score before and after arthroscopy were 26.21±14.11,64.78±26.13,3.57±2.92 and 4.13±1.65,respectively.There was a significant difference between the mean values of these factors before and after arthroscopy. Conclusion: According to the results obtained, we can conclude that arthroscopic release is an effective and low-complication method in motion limits of knees.

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Comparing the effects of cold compress and Xyla-p cream on hemodynamic changes in hemodialysis patients during venipuncture

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2019-0154 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ziba Ghoreyshi ◽

Monireh Amerian ◽

Farzaneh Amanpour ◽

Reza Mohammadpourhodki ◽

Hossein Ebrahimi

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Physiological State ◽

Vital Signs ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Control Group ◽

Intermittent Hemodialysis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

AbstractBackgroundThe vital signs reflect the physiological state of patients in various clinical conditions. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of cold compress and Xyla-P cream on hemodynamical changes during venipuncture in hemodialysis patients.Methods and MaterialIn this clinical trial study, 50 patients under hemodialysis were selected by simple random sampling. The patients were then randomly assigned to either Xyla-P cream, cold compress or placebo groups. The vital signs (blood pressure and pulse) were measured upon two intermittent hemodialysis sessions before and after venipuncture. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.ResultsThe mean alternation in systolic blood pressure was significantly different comparing the placebo and cold compress groups before and after intervention (p<0.001). However, the difference was not significant between the Xyla-P cream group and either placebo (p=0.402) or ice compress (p=0.698) groups. The difference of the mean diastolic blood pressure was significant comparing the placebo group with either the Xyla-P cream group (p=0.003) or cold compress group (p<0.001) before and after intervention. In addition, there was a significant difference in the mean number of heartbeats comparing the control group with either the Xyla-P cream group (p<0.001) or cold compress group (p<0.001) before and after the intervention.ConclusionsConsidering the beneficial effects of ice compress and the Xyla-P cream on reduction of cardiovascular parameters, it is recommended to use these methods in hemodialysis patients during venipuncture.

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The effect of different training programs on throwing accuracy of elite female handball players

Journal of Human Sciences ◽

10.14687/jhs.v14i4.4445 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 3432

Author(s):

Nebahat Eler ◽

Serdar Eler

Keyword(s):

Strength Training ◽

Training Program ◽

Training Programs ◽

Acute Effect ◽

Maximal Strength ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Throwing Accuracy ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean

The aim of this study is to examine the acute effect of different training programs applied to elite female handball players on throwing accuracy. 14 elite female players were participated in the study. The mean age of the participating players was 28.64 ± 9.88 (years), the mean height length was 176.50 ± 4.86 (cm), the mean body weight was 68.07 ± 2.12 (kg) and the mean sport age was 14.36 ± 4.89 (years). On different days, a technical training program, maximal strength training program, strength endurance training program and speed power training program have been implemented to the participating players in the research. Before and after training, the players throwing the ball from their area to the specific points of goal and the percentage of accuracy was determined. As a result; there was a significant difference between before and after maximal strength training the mean values of throwing accuracy (p<0,05) but there was no significant difference before and after other training programs (p> 0,05). This result indicates that acute maximal strength training has a negative effect on throwing accuracy.

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The Influence of Short Duration Exercise on the Concentration of C-Reactive Protein and Selected Haematological and Biochemical Parameters in the Blood of German Shepherd Dogs

Folia Veterinaria ◽

10.1515/fv-2017-0016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 35-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Goldírová ◽

M. Fialkovičová ◽

M. Benková ◽

C. Tóthová ◽

M. Harčárová

Keyword(s):

Short Duration ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

German Shepherd ◽

Mean Values ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Intensive Exercise ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

Abstract Short-term intensive exercise may be associated with many short-lasting metabolic changes. These changes depend on the duration and intensity of the exercise. The aim of our study was to determine potential changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) and selected haematological and biochemical parameters in clinically healthy German shepherd dogs before short duration high-intensity exercise and 6 hours after the exercise. During the study, the dogs were subjected to the following defensive training: detaining a figurant running away from a dog (2×) and detaining with a counterattack (2×). The running distance was 200 m at a mean speed of 28 km.h-1. The investigation of haematological parameters revealed a significant decrease in the mean values of platelet haematocrit (PCT) 6 hours after the training. Significant differences in the levels determined before and after exercise were observed also for phosphorus (P) and for iron (Fe). At the same time, we observed a significant increase in the mean calcium (Ca) level and a significant decrease in sodium (Na) and chlorides (Cl). The activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) significantly increased after exercise. Concentrations of acute phase C-reactive proteins were increased 6 hours after exercise in comparison to those before exercise but the difference was insignificant. Although the concentration of CRP was increased insignificantly after the exercise, when interpreting concentrations of this nonspecific indicator of inflammation, one should keep in mind that intensive exercise may also affect its concentrations.

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Sensitivity of composite materials to ambient light and clinical working time

Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije ◽

10.2298/sgs1204190m ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 190-197

Author(s):

Vesna Miletic ◽

Tatjana Savic-Stankovic ◽

Jovana Stasic

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Hybrid Composites ◽

Working Time ◽

Lower Sensitivity ◽

Ambient Light ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference

Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine sensitivity of composite materials to ambient light by a modified standard ISO 4049:2000 and clinical working time. Materials and Methods. The following materials were tested: nano-hybrid Herculite XRV Ultra (Kerr), micro-hybrid Herculite XRV (Kerr), Zmack (Zhermack), SuperCor (SpofaDental) and Valux Plus (3M ESPE). Five samples in each group were exposed to ambient light of 8000 lx, which comprised dental unit light and natural light. After 60 sec of exposure, each sample was visually examined for signs of inhomogeneity meaning that material did not pass the test. Clinical working time was studied by applying a custom-built, standardized indenter into composite specimens of about 2 mm thickness during the same exposure to ambient light. Completion of polymerization was tested by dissolving samples in ethanol and measuring the difference in thickness before and after the test. Results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA at the significance level of 0.05. Results. Only Herculite XRV Ultra passed the test of sensitivity to ambient light, while other materials showed signs of inhomogeneity. Herculite XRV Ultra showed significantly longer working time than other composites, the average was 250 sec (p<0.05). The mean values of working time for other materials ranged between 117-131 sec and there was no significant difference between them (p>0.05). Conclusion. Due to the lower sensitivity to ambient light and significantly longer clinical working time compared to micro-hybrid composites, Herculite XRV Ultra can be recommended for clinical procedures that require prolonged working time with material in plastic condition.

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Optimizing the usage of pupillary based indicators for cognitive workload

Journal of Eye Movement Research ◽

10.16910/jemr.14.2.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Benedict Fehringer

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Cognitive Activity ◽

Individual Performance ◽

Cognitive Workload ◽

Mean Values ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

And Behavior ◽

Simple Fixation

The Index of Cognitive Activity (ICA) and its open-source alternative, the Index of Pupillary Activity (IPA), are pupillary-based indicators for cognitive workload and are independent of light changes. Both indicators were investigated regarding influences of cognitive demand, fatigue and inter-individual differences. In addition, the variability of pupil changes between both eyes (difference values) were compared with the usually calculated pupillary changes averaged over both eyes (mean values). Fifty-five participants performed a spatial thinking test, the R-Cube-Vis Test, with six distinct difficulty levels and a simple fixation task before and after the R-Cube-Vis Test. The distributions of the ICA and IPA were comparable. The ICA/IPA values were lower during the simple fixation tasks than during the cognitively demanding R-Cube-Vis Test. A fatigue effect was found only for the mean ICA values. The effects of both indicators were larger between difficulty levels of the test when inter-individual differences were controlled using z-standardization. The difference values seemed to control for fatigue and appeared to differentiate better between more demanding cognitive tasks than the mean values. The derived recommendations for the ICA/IPA values are beneficial to gain more insights in individual performance and behavior during, e.g., training and testing scenarios.

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β-Thromboglobulin in Antecubital Vein Blood - The Influence of Age, Sex and Blood Group

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1657011 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 42 (04) ◽

pp. 1159-1163 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

H A Dewar ◽

T Marshall ◽

D Weightman ◽

V Prakash ◽

P J Boon

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Age Groups ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Abo Blood Groups ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Satisfactory Method ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

SummarySamples of blood for estimation of beta-thromboglobulin (B. T. G.) in normal subjects have been obtained both from blood donors at the end of their donation and from other volunteers by standard venepuncture. The former was a satisfactory method in males only.By standard venepuncture females have on average lower values than males and in the pre-menopausal age groups the difference is statistically significant.Mean values vary little up to 59 years after which they rise slowly but steadily. There is no significant difference in the mean B. T. G. values between the ABO blood groups.

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Effect of a Multiporous Beta–Tricalicum Phosphate on Bone Density Around Dental Implants Inserted Into Fresh Extraction Sockets

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-joi-d-11-00079 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 339-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Emad Tawfik Daif

Keyword(s):

Bone Density ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Filling Material ◽

Mean Values ◽

Density Measurements ◽

Pure Phase ◽

Group A ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Group B

The aim of this study was to assess, via multi-slice helical computerized tomography (CT), the influence of the pure-phase multiporous beta–tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) on bone density around dental implants inserted into fresh extraction sockets. Twenty-eight patients (18 women and 10 men), indicated for extraction of their lower premolars and insertion of immediate dental implants, were included in this study. They were randomly divided into two equal groups (14 patients each). Group A received immediate dental implants without any filling material around the implants, while in group B, a pure-phase multiporous beta-TCP was gently packed into the bone gaps around the implants. Three and 6 months after loading the implants, a CT, sagittal and coronal, was made to measure the bone density around the implants. The results of the current study have shown that the mean values of the bone density measurements around the implants in group A were 1150 ± 205 (range, 645–1460) at 3 months and 1245 ± 165 (range, 884–1650) at 6 months after loading the implants. In group B, the mean values of the bone density measurements around the implants were 1280 ± 320 (range, 876–1790) and 1490 ± 358 (range, 1061–1965) at 3 and 6 months after loading the implants, respectively. The statistical analysis of the collected data showed a significant increase in the bone density measurements from 3 to 6 months only in group B (P < .05). Also, the difference between group A and B in the bone density measurements around the implants was statistically significant (P < .05) at only 6 months after loading. On the basis of the results presented in this study, it may be possible to mention that the pure-phase multiporous beta-TCP may enhance the bone density when inserted into the bone gaps around immediate dental implants.

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The Efficacy of Rotary, Reciprocating, and Combined Non-Surgical Endodontic Retreatment Techniques in Removing a Carrier-Based Root Canal Filling Material from Straight Root Canal Systems: A Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9061989 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1989 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tarek-Fahed Alakabani ◽

Vicente Faus-Llácer ◽

Ignacio Faus-Matoses ◽

Celia Ruiz-Sánchez ◽

Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal ◽

Material Removal ◽

Filling Material ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal Filling ◽

Root Canal Retreatment ◽

Before And After ◽

Canal Systems ◽

Endodontic Retreatment

The aim of this study is to analyze and compare the efficacy of three non-surgical endodontic retreatment techniques in removing a carrier-based root canal filling material from straight root canal systems. The study was performed on 99 single-rooted extracted teeth using the ProTaper Gold endodontic rotary system up to the F2 file (Dentsply Maillefer, Baillagues, Switzerland), which were sealed with GuttaCore (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and AH plus epoxy resin sealer (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) and randomly assigned to the following non-surgical retreatment techniques: ProTaper Retreatment endodontic rotary instruments (D1–D3 files, Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland; n = 33, PTR), Reciproc Blue endodontic reciprocating instrument (R50, VDW, Munich, Germany; n = 33, RCB50), and a combined root canal retreatment technique between Gates-Glidden drills (sizes #3 and #2, Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and Hedstrom files (file size 35, 30, and 25, Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland; n = 33; H-GG). All of the teeth were submitted twice to a micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scan, before and after non-surgical endodontic retreatment procedures. The volume of root canal filling material (mm3), volume of remaining root canal filling material (mm3), non-surgical endodontic retreatment working time (min), proportion of remaining root canal filling material (%), and efficacy of root canal filling material removal between the non-surgical endodontic retreatment techniques were analyzed using ANOVA one-way statistical analysis. Statistically significant differences were observed between the proportions of remaining root canal filling material of PTR and H-GG (p = 0.018), between the non-surgical endodontic retreatment working times (min; p < 0.001), and between the efficacies of root canal filling material removal by the non-surgical endodontic retreatment techniques (p = 0.009). However, the non-surgical endodontic retreatment systems allow for similar carrier-based root canal filling material removal.

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