Exploring potential intervention strategies to reduce unsafe youth migration in Ethiopia: A mixed methods study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassahun Habtamu ◽  
Abebaw Minaye ◽  
Fantahun Admas ◽  
Mesay Gebremariam ◽  
Abera Tibebu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
School Principal ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Religious Leader ◽  
Youth Migration ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Teachers And Parents

Abstract Background Several studies investigated risk and protective factors for unsafe youth migration. However, evidence on what interventions help to reduce unsafe youth migration is lacking. This study aimed primarily to identify interventions that may help to reduce unsafe youth migration from the perspectives of key stakeholders.Methods A mixed methods study was conducted in eight migration hotspot areas in Ethiopia. For the qualitative study, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGD) were used to collect data. FGDs were conducted with students, teachers and parents separately. A school principal, heads of relevant offices of the local government, a community representative and a religious leader were interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to identify the prominent issues. Quantitative data were collected from students (n=800), teachers (n= 240) and parents (n=160) who were selected using multistage sampling. We developed a structured questionnaire to collect data. Descriptive statistics, t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the data.Results We identified potential interventions to reduce unsafe youth migration and grouped them into five domains: awareness and attitudinal/behavioral changes, job opportunities and training, governmental and parental roles, improving the education system, and law enforcement and migration management. The need for cooperation among stakeholders was cross-cutting. More than 80% of the survey respondents agreed or strongly agreed in that the interventions would potentially be relevant and effective. We found significant mean difference in the degree of endorsement due to age and level of education in two of the domains of interventions (i.e. enhancing access to resources and jobs and law enforcement and managing migration). Older and more educated respondents were highly likely to endorse intervention strategies more than younger and less educated respondents. Significant mean difference was observed in one of the domains (i.e. law enforcement and managing migration) due to respondent type. Teachers and parents were more likely than students to endorse the intervention.Conclusion We identified contextually relevant intervention strategies that would potentially be effective to reduce unsafe youth migration in Ethiopia. We suggest that there is to prioritize and empirically test the effectiveness of these intervention strategies.

scholarly journals A case study of a conservation flagship species: the monarch butterfly

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie D. Preston ◽  
Julia D. Liao ◽  
Theodore P. Toombs ◽  
Rainer Romero-Canyas ◽  
Julia Speiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Monarch Butterfly ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Flagship Species ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Tests Of Association ◽  
And Migration

AbstractWhat makes a flagship species effective in engaging conservation donors? Large, charismatic mammals are typically selected as ambassadors, but a few studies suggest butterflies—and monarchs in particular—may be even more appealing. To gather more information about people’s responses to monarchs, we conducted an empirical study of member submissions to a successful conservation campaign, the Monarch Story Campaign, conducted by the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). The set of 691 stories along with their associated demographic and donation data was analyzed in a mixed-methods study using qualitative analysis and tests of association. The results showed that people often described encounters with monarchs in childhood and as adults. They expressed strong, positive emotions, and lauded the monarch’s beauty and other “awe-inspiring” qualities and expressed wonder at their lifecycle (i.e., metamorphosis and migration). They also raised conservation themes of distress at monarch loss, calls for action, and caretaking, such as being “fragile” and “in need.” Sharing personal encounters was associated with current efforts to save the species and more past financial donations, while a second pattern tied more donations to awe at the monarch’s mass migration. These results imply that conservation campaigns built around species people encounter may build lifelong awareness, concern, and actions towards conservation.

Are Women Opting Out? A Mixed Methods Study of Women Patrol Officers’ Promotional Aspirations

2021 ◽  
pp. 155708512110047
Author(s):  
Natalie Todak ◽  
Lindsay Leban ◽  
Benjamin Hixon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Patrol Officers ◽  
Opting Out ◽  
Barriers To Promotion ◽  
Survey Sample

Using national survey and interview data from women patrol officers in the United States, we assess whether women are underrepresented in the upper ranks of policing because they are self-selecting out of promotions. With only 42% of the survey sample reporting a desire to promote, we indeed find evidence that many policewomen are either delaying or forgoing promotions. The most common reason given for waiting to promote was the desire to gain more experience. Based on our findings, we offer recommendations for reducing gendered barriers to promotion and increasing gender diversity in the upper ranks of law enforcement.

scholarly journals Corruption and the impact of law enforcement: insights from a mixed-methods study in Malawi

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-336
Author(s):  
Gerhard Anders ◽  
Fidelis E. Kanyongolo ◽  
Brigitte Seim
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Challenging Environment ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scholarly Attention

ABSTRACTThe article argues that the impact of law enforcement efforts against corruption deserves more scholarly attention. Drawing on a mixed-methods study from Malawi in southern Africa, where a large-scale law enforcement operation has been investigating and prosecuting those involved in a 2013 corruption scandal known as ‘Cashgate’, the article explores the potential for corruption deterrence from the perspective of government officials in the Malawi civil service. Malawi provides a challenging environment for deterrence due to limited state capacity, weak law enforcement agencies and widespread corruption. Nonetheless, the research findings show that Malawian government officials perceive prosecutions and convictions to deter corruption, both with regards to the law enforcement response to Cashgate specifically and law enforcement efforts in general. The findings from Malawi suggest that law enforcement and criminal justice have the potential to make an important contribution to anti-corruption strategies in Africa and the Global South at large.

Occupational sitting time, its determinants and intervention strategies in Malaysian office workers: a mixed-methods study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saiful Adli Suhaimi ◽  
Andre Matthias Müller ◽  
Eliza Hafiz ◽  
Selina Khoo
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Occupational Sitting ◽  
Prolonged Sitting ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Malaysian Government

Abstract Adults who accumulate a lot of sedentary time per day are at an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. Prolonged sitting is also associated with depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. With the increase in desk-based office work, many office workers spend long hours sitting at the workplace. The aim of this study was to assess occupational sitting time in Malaysian government office workers, and investigate determinants of occupational sitting time and potential strategies to interrupt sitting time. We conducted a mixed-methods study consisting of a survey and focus group discussions (FGDs). A total of 1338 office workers from 24 Malaysian ministries completed the Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire. Twenty-nine office workers who spent at least 7 h per day sitting at work participated in FGDs. We enquired about knowledge, awareness and perceptions related to prolonged sitting time, barriers and facilitators to sitting time at work, and potential intervention strategies. Mean daily sitting time at work was 5.96 h (standard deviation = 1.37 h). FDGs confirmed barriers and facilitators to sitting time in accordance with the social-ecological model for health. Intrapersonal, social and physical environmental factors as well as organizational culture and organizational policy were mentioned to affect occupational sitting time. The results show that Malaysian government office workers spent a significant amount of time sitting at work and we identified multi-level factors influencing sitting time. A smartphone-based intervention to interrupt sitting time at work was suggested and is currently being tested.

scholarly journals Migration-related emotional distress among Vietnamese psychiatric patients in Germany: An interdisciplinary, mixed methods study

2020 ◽  
pp. 136346152092032
Author(s):  
Main Huong Nguyen ◽  
Jörg-Christian Lanca ◽  
Eric Hahn ◽  
Anita von Poser ◽  
Edda Heyken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Ethnographic Interviews ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Qualitative Part

Culture and socialization influence how individuals perceive and express emotional distress. Research therefore, must consider the context to capture individual experiences. However, the majority of studies on factors associated with emotional distress among migrants use quantitative approaches, limiting an in-depth understanding. This study investigates emic themes of emotional distress among Vietnamese migrants by integrating anthropological and psychiatric approaches. The mixed methods study first quantified differences in reported themes of distress between Vietnamese ( n = 104) and German ( n = 104) patients, who utilized two psychiatric outpatient clinics in Berlin, Germany. Based on these differences, ethnographic interviews were conducted with 20 Vietnamese patients. In the quantitative part, differences in frequency of reported distress between Vietnamese and German patients indicate cultural and migration-related issues among Vietnamese migrants, such as the upbringing of children in a transcultural context. In the qualitative part, interviews with Vietnamese patients elicited contextualizing information and additional themes of distress. Besides commonly expressed socioeconomic themes, such as work and finances, we identified affectively charged themes concerning roles toward partnership and children. A central emic theme is expressed as “moments of speechlessness,” which go beyond a lack of language proficiency and challenge patients in different spheres of life. Migration entails complex affective dynamics, determined by a specific migratory and post-migratory context. Within this context, norms and values determine which themes of distress patients articulate openly. Therefore, an interdisciplinary, mixed-methods approach can yield a contextualized understanding of emotional distress and the complex nature of migration.

Employment goals, expectations, and migration intentions of nursing graduates in a Canadian border city: A mixed methods study

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1531-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Freeman ◽  
Andrea Baumann ◽  
Noori Akhtar-Danesh ◽  
Jennifer Blythe ◽  
Anita Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Nursing Graduates ◽  
Border City ◽  
Employment Goals ◽  
And Migration

Law Enforcement and Suicide Calls for Service: A Mixed-Methods Study of Suicide Attempts and Deaths

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110294
Author(s):  
Athena Kheibari ◽  
Bethany Joy Hedden ◽  
Erin Comartin ◽  
Michael Kral ◽  
Sheryl Kubiak
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Calls For Service ◽  
Metropolitan County ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Events Data

Introduction Suicide is a major public health issue, however, little is known about the characteristics/circumstances of suicide events. Data from law enforcement (LE) call reports are an important source of information related to suicide. Hence, this study explores suicide events captured in LE call reports. Method This mixed-methods study used data from call reports collected in a metropolitan county in 2017 in a Midwestern state wherein LE responded to suicide incidents (N=213). Descriptive and bivariate analyses of quantitative data were used to assess differences between incident type (i.e. attempts vs. deaths). Themes of suicide emerged from the qualitative data. Results Findings revealed that suicide decedents tended to be male, older, and had at least one intrapersonal issue as a precipitating factor. The qualitative sections illuminated three themes across suicide attempts: self-harm as an autonomy seeking strategy; challenging claims of suicidality; and promising to not self-harm. Conclusions Suicide incidents that rise to the level of crisis requiring a LE response is understudied in both the suicide and LE literature. Increasing the sophistication of call report documentation procedures would allow for communities to deepen their understanding of how suicide manifests and could create pathways to non-institutionalized care.

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