Correlates of pregnancy among Female Sex Workers (FSWs) in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatien Twizelimana ◽  
Adamson S Muula
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Study Sites

Abstract Background Little is known about female sex workers’ (FSWs) reproductive health apart from their being at higher than usual risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. The problem addressed in this study was: “what are the correlates of pregnancy among FSWs in semi – urban Blantyre in Malawi?”.Methods We used systematic sampling to recruit a total of 200 FSWs in four different study sites in Blantyre. Data were collected through questionnaire interviews. We calculated the mean and standard deviation for continuous covariates and proportions for categorical variables to describe the data. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the correlates between the outcome variable (pregnancy) and independent variables.Results Ninety one (45, 5%) FSWs were between 18 and 24 years. The prevalence of pregnancy was 61% for FSWs born in rural place as compared to 37% for those who were born in town. In multivariate analysis FSWs who reported to value being respected as mothers had 12 times the risk of pregnancy comparing to the ones who did not (AOR: 11.8, 95% CI: [4.56, 30.72] p -value <0.001). FSWs who reported using condoms inconsistently had five times the risk of pregnancy compared to the ones who did not, (AOR: 5.26, 95% CI: [2.29, 12.081], p -value <0.001). FSWs who had a request to bear children from steady partners had 5 times the risk of pregnancy comparing to the ones who did not (AOR: 5.07, 95% CI: [2.14, 11.99]). FSWs who reported forgetfulness of contraceptives’ use had 3 times more risk of pregnancy comparing to the ones who did not (A0R: 3.49 CI: [1.29, 9.37], p- value < 0.013).Conclusion The study documents a wide range of correlates of pregnancies among FSWs in the study sites. It is important to recognize the child bearing desires and circumstances of FSWs in order to inform health programs responsive to their needs.

scholarly journals Unmet contraceptives needs among Female Sex Workers (FSWs) in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatien Twizelimana ◽  
Adamson S Muula
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Steady Partner ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
History Of

Abstract Introduction:Research has paid limited attention to understanding factors that are associated with unmet contraceptives needs among female sex workers (FSWs). In order to fill this knowledge gap we estimated the prevalence of unmet contraceptives needs and examined factors that were associated with unmet contraceptives needs among FSWs in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi.MethodsWe used systematic sampling to recruit 290 FSWs in semi urban Blantyre between February and March 2019. In this cross sectional study, we used questionnaire interviews to collect quantitative data. We calculated the mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables to describe the data. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between unmet needs (the outcome variable) and explanatory variables such as: having a steady partner, fear of contraceptives’ side effects and having a history of sexual transmitted infections.ResultsOut of the 290 study participants 102 (35.2%) reported unmet needs for contraceptives. The following factors were significantly associated with unmet contraceptives needs in multivariate analysis: FSWs’ history of physical and sexual violence by clients [OR 3.38, 95% CI (1.10, 10.43)], p < 0.03, participants with a steady partner [OR 3.28, 95% CI (1.89, 5.68)], p < 0.001, and participants who feared side effects of contraceptives [OR 2.99, 95% CI (1.73, 5.20)], p < 0.001.ConclusionThere is need to improve awareness of contraceptives among FSWs in semi urban Blantyre. Sexual and Reproductive Health services (SRH) should address barriers to contraceptives use such as sexual transmitted infections, clients’ violence, fear and misinformation on contraceptives. There is also a need to improve the knowledge, attitudes, and counseling skills of health providers in order to address unmet contraceptives needs among FSWS.

scholarly journals Unmet contraceptives needs among Female Sex Workers (FSWs) in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatien Twizelimana ◽  
Adamson S Muula
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Steady Partner ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Research has paid limited attention to understanding factors that are associated with unmet contraceptives needs among female sex workers. In order to fill this knowledge gap, we estimated the prevalence of unmet contraceptives needs and examined associated factors among FSWs in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi. Methods:. We used systematic sampling to recruit 290 female sex workers in semi urban Blantyre between February and March 2019. In this cross sectional study, we used questionnaire interviews to collect quantitative data. We calculated the mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables to describe the data. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between unmet needs (the outcome variable) and explanatory variables such as: having a steady partner, fear of contraceptives’ side effects and having a history of sexually transmitted infections. Results: Out of the 290 study participants 102 (35.2%) reported unmet needs for contraceptives. The following factors were significantly associated with unmet contraceptives needs in multivariate analysis: female sex workers’ history of physical and sexual violence by clients [OR 3.38, 95% CI (1.10, 10.43)], p<0.03, participants with a steady partner [OR 3.28, 95% CI (1.89, 5.68)], p<0.001, and participants who feared side effects of contraceptives [OR 2.99, 95% CI (1.73, 5.20)], p<0.001. Conclusion: Reproductive Health services should address barriers to contraceptives use for instance: violence by female sex workers’ clients, fear and misinformation on contraceptives. There is need to improve awareness of contraceptives. Specific health promotion interventions on female sex workers engaged in a steady partnership are recommended. It is important to enhance the knowledge, attitudes, and counseling skills of health care providers in order to address unmet contraceptives needs among female sex workers in semi-urban Blantyre.

scholarly journals Hubungan Faktor Demografi dan Perilaku Seksual Terhadap Kejadian Infeksi Menular Seksual pada Wanita Pekerja Seks

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Yuli Fitriasih ◽  
Yuli Fitriasih ◽  
Nurhalim Shahib ◽  
Farid Husin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
High Risk Sexual Behavior ◽  
Female Sex

Abstract Sexually transmitted infections are infections that can be spread through vaginal, anal or oral. Female sex workers particularly at risk for sexually transmitted infections. Preliminary studies in Cilacap district STI clinic in 2011 showed that the incidence of sexually transmitted infections is still quite high (60.81%). Complex causal factors cause the difficulty of breaking the chain of IMS. This study aims to analyze the relationship between demographic factors and high-risk sexual behavior of high risk on the incidence of sexually transmitted infections and the risk factors on the incidence of sexually transmitted infections in female sex workers. Analytic survey research through case-control study (case-control) with a total sampling on 70 female sex workers in brothels Slarang conducted during the month of November 2013. Questionnaire as a means of collecting research data. Univariate analysis to determine the frequency distribution of incidence of STIs. Bivariate analysis using contingency coefficient test. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression. The results showed that there is a significant association between the incidence of STIs in high- risk demographic factors with r value (0.239) and p-value (0.040), there is a significant association between the incidence of STIs in high- risk sexual behavior factors with values ​​of r (0.307; 0.230) and the p-value ( 0.007; 0.048) respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that condom use is not routine is that most risk factors on the incidence of sexually transmitted infections in female sex workers with OR value 5.835. Conclusions of the study: female sex workers who do not regularly use condoms have 5.835 times greater risk for sexually transmitted infections. A total of 65% the proportion of female sex workers suffer preventable sexually transmitted infection, if condom use. Keywords : female sex workers, demographic factors, sexual behavior factors, sexually transmitted infections

scholarly journals Prevalence of Self-Reported Symptoms of Sexually Transmitted Infection among Establishment-Based Female Sex Workers in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shewangizaw Hailemariam ◽  
Aderajew Nigusse ◽  
Alemi Kebede
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Inconsistent Condom ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Inconsistent Condom Use

Introduction. In spite of the fact that female sex workers being regarded as core transmitters of sexually transmitted infections to the general population, previous studies undertaken around STIs in Ethiopia fail to consider this segment of the population. Hence, the present study investigated the prevalence of self-reported symptoms of STIs and the risk factors among FSWs in Adama Town, Ethiopia. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 01, 2017, to April 30, 2017, in Adama Town. Three hundred ninety female sex workers were selected from 120 licensed drinking establishments by using simple random sampling technique. The interviewer-administered structured tool was used to collect data. Data were entered using EPI data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. Result. Among the requested 423 female sex workers, 390 willingly responded to the interviewer-administered structured questionnaires making a response rate of 92.2%. One hundred thirty-nine (35.6%, 95% CI (33.8%–37.4%) of the female sex workers reported one or more STI symptoms. Several risk factors were identified including inconsistent condom use with a nonpaying client (AOR = 5.43, 95% CI: 2.73, 10.80), alcohol use before sex (AOR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.35, 4.30), longer duration of sex work (AOR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.26, 4.08), and having poor knowledge of STIs (AOR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.31, 4.54). Conclusion. Self-reported symptom of STI among female sex workers in Adama Town is relatively high when compared with previous studies. Hence, health education programs should address the issue of inconsistent condom use with nonpaying clients, alcohol consumption before sex, and knowledge of STIs, with a particular emphasis on those female sex workers who stayed longer in the business.

scholarly journals Unmet contraceptives needs among Female Sex Workers (FSWs) in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatien Twizelimana ◽  
Adamson S Muula
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Steady Partner ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Research has paid limited attention to understanding factors that are associated with unmet contraceptive needs among female sex workers. In order to fill this knowledge gap, we estimated the prevalence of unmet contraceptive needs and examined associated factors among FSWs in semi urban Blantyre, Malawi. Methods: We used systematic sampling to recruit 290 female sex workers in semi urban Blantyre between February and March 2019. In this cross sectional study, we used questionnaire interviews to collect quantitative data. We calculated the mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables to describe the data. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between unmet needs (the outcome variable) and explanatory variables such as: having a steady partner, fear of contraceptives’ side effects and having a history of sexually transmitted infections. Results: Out of the 290 study participants 102 (35.2%) reported unmet contraceptive needs. The following factors were significantly associated with unmet contraceptive needs in multivariate analysis: female sex workers’ history of physical and sexual violence by clients [OR 3.38, 95% CI (1.10, 10.43)], p<0.03, participants with a steady partner [OR 3.28, 95% CI (1.89, 5.68)], p<0.001, and participants who feared side effects of contraceptives [OR 2.99, 95% CI (1.73, 5.20)], p<0.001. Conclusion: Reproductive Health services should address barriers to contraceptives use for instance: violence by female sex workers’ clients, fear and misinformation on contraceptives. There is need to improve awareness of contraceptives. Specific health promotion interventions on female sex workers engaged in a steady partnership are recommended. It is important to enhance the knowledge, attitudes, and counseling skills of health care providers in order to address unmet contraceptive needs among female sex workers in semi-urban Blantyre.

Declining trends in HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Iran could be attributable to reduced drug injection: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mirzazadeh ◽  
Mostafa Shokoohi ◽  
Mohammad Karamouzian ◽  
Haleh Ashki ◽  
Razieh Khajehkazemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Drug Injection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Study Sites

ObjectiveThe HIV trend among female sex workers (FSWs) is understudied. We assessed the prevalence and trend of HIV and five other STIs among FSWs in Iran.MethodsWe recruited FSWs (1337 in 2015, 1005 in 2010) from 21 sites in 13 cities in two cross-sectional biobehavioural surveys. Eligible FSWs were women aged ≥18 years who reported selling sex to more than one male client in the past 12 months. Consenting FSWs were interviewed using a behavioural questionnaire and tested for HIV and five other STIs. We considered study sites as clusters in the analysis and two-sided Fisher’s exact test to compare the HIV prevalence between the two survey rounds.ResultsHIV prevalence was 2.1% in 2015 (vs 4.0% in 2010, p=0.007). Lifetime drug injection was reported by 6.1% of participants in 2015 (vs 14.6% in 2010, p=0.003). In 2015, among FSWs with history of lifetime drug injection, HIV prevalence was 8.6% (vs 9.8% in 2010, p=0.425). The prevalence of other STIs in 2015 was 0.4% (95% CI 0.2 to 1.0) for syphilis, 1.3% (95% CI 0.8 to 2.1) for gonorrhoea, 6.0% (95% CI 4.8 to 7.4) for chlamydia, 11.9% (95% CI 8.5 to 16.5) for trichomoniasis and 41.8% (95% CI 39.2 to 44.5) for human papillomavirus.ConclusionsHIV prevalence among FSWs in Iran decreased, but remains considerably high. The decrease in HIV prevalence compared with 2010 might be explained by a decrease in drug injection. Other STIs are also high in this population. Harm reduction programmes need to be continued and scaled up among this underserved population in Iran.

scholarly journals HIV testing and its associated factors among street-based female sex workers in Iran: results of a national rapid assessment and response survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Ahmadi ◽  
Mehrdad Khezri ◽  
Payam Roshanfekr ◽  
Salah Eddin Karimi ◽  
Meroe Vameghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Multivariable Model ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Self Testing

Abstract Background Female sex workers (FSWs) are at a disproportionate risk of sexually transmitted infections and they may face significant barriers to HIV testing. This study aimed to examine HIV testing prevalence and its associated factors among street-based FSWs in Iran. Method A total of 898 FSWs were recruited from 414 venues across 19 major cities in Iran between October 2016 and March 2017. Eligible FSWs were women aged 18 years of age who had at least one commercial sexual intercourse in the previous year. HIV testing was defined as having tested for HIV in the lifetime. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine the correlates of HIV testing. We report adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Result Overall, 57.8% (95%CI: 20.0, 88.0) of participants reported having tested for HIV, and HIV prevalence among FSWs who tested for HIV was 10.3% (95%CI: 7.5, 13.0). The multivariable model showed that unstable housing (aOR: 8.86, 95%CI: 2.68, 29.32) and drug use (aOR: 3.47, 95%CI: 1.33, 9.06) were associated with increased likelihood of HIV testing. However, FSWs with a higher level of income were less likely to be tested for HIV (aOR: 0.09, 95%CI: 0.02, 0.43). Conclusion Almost one in ten street-based FSWs had never tested for HIV. These findings suggest the need for evidence-based strategies such as outreach support and HIV self-testing to improve HIV testing in this marginalized population.

Co-infection with genital gonorrhoea and genital chlamydia in female sex workers in Yunnan, China

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Sheng Chen ◽  
Yue-Ping Yin ◽  
Guo-Jun Liang ◽  
Xiang-Dong Gong ◽  
Hua-Sheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Gonococcal Infection ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Control Programmes

An observational study on prevalence of co-infection with gonorrhoea and chlamydia was conducted among female sex workers (FSWs) in Kunming, China. A total of 505 FSWs participated in the study. All eligible participants gave informed consent. Demographic, behavioural and clinical information of the participants was gathered by direct structured interviews. Tampon swabs were collected to test for Chlamydia trachomatis and Nesseria gonorrhoeae. One-hundred and twenty-four (24.6%) FSWs were co-infected with these two pathogens. Of the 191 FSWs with gonorrhea, 124 (64.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 57.9–71.3%) were co-infected with chlamydia which was significantly higher than the proportion (41.9%, 95% CI = 36.4–47.6%) co-infected with gonorrhoea among 296 FSWs with chlamydia ( P < 0.001). Only 47 of 191 (24.6%) FSWs with gonococcal infection and 28 of 124 (22.6%) with co-infection with gonorrhoea and chlamydia reported vaginal discharge. The results of the study justify the recommendation in the national sexually transmitted disease (STD) guidelines that patients infected with gonorrhoea also be treated routinely with an anti-chlamydial regimen. However, a periodic mass treatment may be considered in some circumstances in STD control programmes to rapidly reduce the infections in this population.

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