scholarly journals Psychosocial Family Interventions for Relatives of People Living with Psychotic Disorders in the Arab World: Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziza Saleh Al Sawafi ◽  
Karina Lovell ◽  
Laoise Renwick ◽  
Nusrat Husain
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Family Interventions ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
Culturally Adapted ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Aim and objectives: To synthesise the available evidence about culturally-adapted psychosocial family interventions in the Arab world. The review identifies the content and characteristics of these interventions, determines the strategies used to adapt them to the Arab culture successfully, assesses the feasibility and acceptability of the interventions, and evaluates the effectiveness of these interventions for service users and their families. Background: Family interventions in schizophrenia are evidence-based and have been adapted to different cultures to improve their effectiveness and acceptability in different settings. The Arab world has a unique set of sociocultural norms and values that cannot be ignored when developing or implementing such interventions. There is a lack of research on the feasibility of delivering family interventions for schizophrenia in the Arab region. Design: A systematic review Method: Five electronic databases were searched including MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and EMBASE for articles written in Arabic and English from inception to August 2019. Data were extracted and synthesised narratively. Result: Five studies were retrieved from the search: two randomized control studies, two non-randomized studies and one qualitative study. There is a paucity of evidence about culturally- adapted family interventions in the Arab region. However, the cultural adaptation process was comprehensive, and the implementation was feasible and acceptable. The methodological quality of the included studies was generally poor, so there is a risk of overestimating the effect of the interventions due to lack of rigour and the presence of bias. Conclusion: The present review provided the foundation for future work about family interventions in the Arab world, and confirmed the feasibility of implementing such interventions in the Arab world with minor modifications. Furthermore, the data suggested that any alternative family-oriented intervention for schizophrenia is likely to be better than standard care in improving the outcome for patients and their families.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Family Interventions for Relatives of People Living with Schizophrenia in the Arab World: Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziza Saleh Al Sawafi ◽  
Karina Lovell ◽  
Laoise Renwick ◽  
Nusrat Husain
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Adaptation Process ◽  
Family Interventions ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
Culturally Adapted ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Aim and objectives To synthesise the available evidence about culturally-adapted psychosocial family interventions in the Arab world. The review identifies the content and characteristics of these interventions, determines the strategies used to successfully adapt them to the Arab culture, assesses the feasibility and acceptability of the interventions, and evaluates the effectiveness of these interventions for service users and their families. Background Family interventions in schizophrenia are evidence based and have been adapted to different cultures to improve their effectiveness and acceptability in different settings. The Arab world has a unique set of sociocultural norms and values that cannot be ignored when developing or implementing such interventions. There is a lack of research on the feasibility of delivering family interventions for schizophrenia in the Arab region. Design: systematic review Method Five electronic databases were searched including MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and EMBASE for articles written in Arabic and English from inception to 2019. Data were extracted and synthesised narratively. Result Five studies were retrieved from the search: two randomized control studies, two non-randomized studies and one qualitative study. There is a paucity of evidence about culturally- adapted family interventions in the Arab region. However, the cultural adaptation process was comprehensive and the implementation was feasible and acceptable. The methodological quality of the included studies was generally poor, so there is a risk of overestimating the effect of the interventions due to lack of rigour and the presence of bias. Conclusion The present review provides the foundation for future work about family interventions in the Arab world. The content and characteristics of the interventions were identified but the effectiveness cannot be determined because of the poor methodological quality. The adaptation process was comprehensive but rigor in testing adapted interventions is largely absent.

scholarly journals What Solutions Exist for Cognitive, Emotional and Developmental Delays Facing Indigenous Children Globally? A Co-Designed Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rona Macniven ◽  
Thomas Lee Jeffries Jr. ◽  
David Meharg ◽  
Folau Talbot ◽  
Boe Rambaldini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Native American ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
English Language ◽  
Developmental Delays ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Culturally Adapted ◽  
Indigenous Children ◽  
American Children

Early childhood is important for future cognitive and educational outcomes. Programs overcoming barriers to engagement in early education for Indigenous children must address family cultural needs and target developmental delays. This systematic review identifies culturally adapted programs to improve cognitive, emotional and developmental delays among young children, in response to an identified priority of a remote Indigenous community. Five databases (the Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, Scopus and CINAHL) were searched for English language papers in January 2018. Study quality was assessed and findings analysed thematically. Findings were presented to the community at an event with key stakeholders, to determine their inclusion and face validity. Seven relevant studies, published between 1997-2013, were identified by the researchers and each study was supported by the community for inclusion. Two studies focused on Native American children and five studies included children from non-Indigenous disadvantaged backgrounds. Findings were reported narratively across four themes: Storytelling to improve educational outcomes; Family involvement improved development; Culturally adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to reduce trauma; Rewards-based teaching to improve child attention. Limited published research on culturally adapted and safe interventions for children with cognitive, emotional and developmental delay exists but these four themes from seven studies identify useful components.

scholarly journals Understanding the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in people with cerebral palsy: A systematic review protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Eres ◽  
I. Dutia ◽  
M. Walsh ◽  
M. Mulraney ◽  
S.M Sawyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Physical Health Outcomes ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Electronic Database Search ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Future Work

AbstractBackgroundThere is an abundance of research investigating physical health outcomes in people with cerebral palsy, however evidence from studies investigating psychiatric disorders in this group is less well developed. Specifically, there is little research synthesising the prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders in people with cerebral palsy, and there is no summary of the instruments used to measure this. This systematic review will summarise the current body of evidence investigating psychiatric disorders in people with cerebral palsy, as well as the measurement or diagnostic instruments used to measure psychiatric disorder.FindingsTo be included in the review, articles must report on psychiatric disorders in people with cerebral palsy or use standardised tools that allow for clinical thresholds to be derived, written in English, and published after 1980. A comprehensive, electronic database search strategy will be implemented targeting relevant papers indexed in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and PubMed. Searches will include terms that relate to psychiatric disorders (E.g., mood disorders, anxiety disorders, ADHD, autism) in people with cerebral palsy. Data will be extracted based on age, psychiatric disorder, and cerebral palsy severity. We will summarise the findings as a narrative and will provide overall prevalence estimates for psychiatric disorders.DiscussionThe systematic review will provide novel insights into the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in people with cerebral palsy. It will also provide recommendations about the types of instruments that have been used and implemented in health research related to cerebral palsy. It will guide future work on interventions and primary research in clinical sciences and allied health disciplines.

A Systematic Review of Methods Used for Confounding Adjustment in Observational Economic Evaluations in Cardiology Conducted between 2013 and 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 582-595
Author(s):  
Jason R. Guertin ◽  
Blanchard Conombo ◽  
Raphaël Langevin ◽  
Frédéric Bergeron ◽  
Anne Holbrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Treatment Allocation ◽  
Confounding Bias ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Confounding Adjustment ◽  
Future Work

Background. Observational economic evaluations (i.e., economic evaluations in which treatment allocation is not randomized) are prone to confounding bias. Prior reviews published in 2013 have shown that adjusting for confounding is poorly done, if done at all. Although these reviews raised awareness on the issues, it is unclear if their results improved the methodological quality of future work. We therefore aimed to investigate whether and how confounding was accounted for in recently published observational economic evaluations in the field of cardiology. Methods. We performed a systematic review of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PsycInfo databases using a set of Medical Subject Headings and keywords covering topics in “observational economic evaluations in health within humans” and “cardiovascular diseases.” Any study published in either English or French between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017, addressing our search criteria was eligible for inclusion in our review. Our protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018112391). Results. Forty-two (0.6%) out of 7523 unique citations met our inclusion criteria. Fewer than half of the selected studies adjusted for confounding ( n = 19 [45.2%]). Of those that adjusted for confounding, propensity score matching ( n = 8 [42.1%]) and other matching-based approaches were favored ( n = 8 [42.1%]). Our results also highlighted that most authors who adjusted for confounding rarely justified their methodological choices. Conclusion. Our results indicate that adjustment for confounding is often ignored when conducting an observational economic evaluation. Continued knowledge translation efforts aimed at improving researchers’ knowledge regarding confounding bias and methods aimed at addressing this issue are required and should be supported by journal editors.

scholarly journals Effects of Quran Recitation on The Reduction of Anxiety Before Elective Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahideh Zarea Gavgani ◽  
Mortaza Ghojazadeh ◽  
Tahmineh Khodapanah ◽  
Fatemeh Sadeghi-Ghyassi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Inconsistency Index ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis

Abstract Background: Anxiety is a common reaction among patients undergoing surgery. Religious believes are regarded as psychological methods that are used for the management of anxiety. The aim of this study is assessing the effectiveness of Quran recitation on reducing the anxiety before the elective surgery.Methods: A systematic review of the citations in the Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, Arab World Research Source and other relevant databases was performed to collect the data. Randomized clinical trials about the effect of Quran recitation on the reduction of anxiety before elective surgery were included without any Language and date restriction. Interventions with self-reading/self-recitation were excluded. The Cochran’s Q statistic and the (I2) with 50 percent threshold was used for calculation of the heterogeneity and the inconsistency index. The funnel plot has been used to evaluate the possibility of the publication bias.Results: We identified 2381 studies from the systematic search. Of these, twelve were included in the qualitative synthesis and nine studies included in the quantitative synthesis. Our meta-analysis showed a significant reduction in the anxiety level with Quran recitation. The heterogeneity of the included studies was statistically significant (Q=23.05, I2=65.29, P=0.003). The pooled effect size of the anxiety was d=−8.893; 95% CI=[−10.763 to −7.022] (P < 0.001), and there was no publication bias (t=0.907, P=0.39) in the studies.Conclusion: Quran recitation can be considered as a non-invasive and peaceful intervention to reduce anxiety before elective surgery.

Systematic Review of the Inclusion of People With Psychosis in Suicide-Specific Clinical Trials

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Villa ◽  
Blaire C. Ehret ◽  
Colin A. Depp
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Cochrane Library

Abstract. Background: Psychosis is a significant, yet understudied, risk factor for suicide. There has yet to be a systematic investigation examining the rate and predictors of inclusion of psychotic disorders or symptoms in suicide-focused trials. Aim: Our aim was to conduct a systematic review of inclusion/exclusion of psychosis in studies with suicidal ideation or behavior as a primary endpoint, rate of inclusion across intervention type and other characteristics, and criteria used to exclude psychosis and accompanying rationale. Method: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and PsycInfo to identify relevant articles published between 2000 and 2018. Statements regarding inclusion/exclusion were codified by authors. Results: Out of 122 studies selected, 75 (61.5%) excluded individuals with psychosis. This rate varied by intervention and sample size, but not by year of study or country of origin. Only 9% provided a rationale for psychosis exclusion. Limitations: Minimal reporting of participants' diagnosis in studies disallowed analysis of the rate of inclusion of psychosis in samples. Conclusion: Three out of five trials with suicide-related primary outcomes excluded psychosis; thus, people with psychosis are poorly represented in suicide-specific studies. This disparity could be remedied by either adapting protocols to include people with psychosis or developing new, tailored treatments.

scholarly journals What Solutions Exist for Developmental Delays Facing Indigenous Children Globally? A Co-Designed Systematic Review

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Rona Macniven ◽  
Thomas Lee Jeffries ◽  
David Meharg ◽  
Folau Talbot ◽  
Boe Rambaldini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Native American ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Developmental Delays ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Culturally Adapted ◽  
Indigenous Children ◽  
American Children

Early childhood is important for future cognitive and educational outcomes. Programs overcoming barriers to engagement in early education for Indigenous children must address family cultural needs and target developmental delays. This systematic review identifies culturally adapted programs to improve developmental delays among young children, in response to an identified priority of a remote Indigenous community. Five databases (the Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, Scopus and CINAHL) were searched for English language papers in January 2018. Study quality was assessed, and findings were analysed thematically. Findings were presented to the community at an event with key stakeholders, to determine their inclusion and face validity. Seven relevant studies, published between 1997 and 2013, were identified by the researchers and each study was supported by the community for inclusion. Three studies included on Native American children and four studies included children from non-Indigenous disadvantaged backgrounds. Findings were reported narratively across four themes: storytelling to improve educational outcomes; family involvement improved development; culturally adapted cognitive behavioural therapy to reduce trauma; rewards-based teaching to improve child attention. Limited published research on culturally adapted and safe interventions for children with developmental delays exists but these four themes from seven studies identify useful components to guide the community and early childhood program development.

Characteristics of the Frequency-Following Response to Speech in Neonates and Potential Applicability in Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1618-1635
Author(s):  
Céline Richard ◽  
Mary Lauren Neel ◽  
Arnaud Jeanvoine ◽  
Sharon Mc Connell ◽  
Alison Gehred ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Frequency Following Response ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Clinical Potential

Purpose We sought to critically analyze and evaluate published evidence regarding feasibility and clinical potential for predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes of the frequency-following responses (FFRs) to speech recordings in neonates (birth to 28 days). Method A systematic search of MeSH terms in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied HealthLiterature, Embase, Google Scholar, Ovid Medline (R) and E-Pub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily, Web of Science, SCOPUS, COCHRANE Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov was performed. Manual review of all items identified in the search was performed by two independent reviewers. Articles were evaluated based on the level of methodological quality and evidence according to the RTI item bank. Results Seven articles met inclusion criteria. None of the included studies reported neurodevelopmental outcomes past 3 months of age. Quality of the evidence ranged from moderate to high. Protocol variations were frequent. Conclusions Based on this systematic review, the FFR to speech can capture both temporal and spectral acoustic features in neonates. It can accurately be recorded in a fast and easy manner at the infant's bedside. However, at this time, further studies are needed to identify and validate which FFR features could be incorporated as an addition to standard evaluation of infant sound processing evaluation in subcortico-cortical networks. This review identifies the need for further research focused on identifying specific features of the neonatal FFRs, those with predictive value for early childhood outcomes to help guide targeted early speech and hearing interventions.

Efficacy of compression stockings in preventing post-thrombotic syndrome in patients with deep venous thrombosis: a systematic review and metaanalysis

VASA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Martin Burgstaller ◽  
Johann Steurer ◽  
Ulrike Held ◽  
Beatrice Amann-Vesti
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Post Thrombotic Syndrome ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Preventive Efficacy ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Abstract. Background: Here, we update an earlier systematic review on the preventive efficacy of active compression stockings in patients with diagnosed proximal deep venous thrombosis (DVT) by including the results of recently published trials. The aims are to synthesize the results of the original studies, and to identify details to explain heterogeneous results. Methods: We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, and Medline for original studies that compared the preventive efficacy of active compression stockings with placebo or no compression stockings in patients with diagnosed proximal DVT. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Results: Five eligible RCTs with a total of 1393 patients (sample sizes ranged from 47 to 803 patients) were included. In three RCTs, patients started to wear compression stockings, placebo stockings or no stockings within the first three weeks after the diagnosis of DVT. The results of two RCTs indicate a statistically significant reduction in post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) of 50% or more after two or more years. The result of one RCT shows no preventive effect of compression stockings at all. Due to the heterogeneity of the study results, we refrained from pooling the results of the RCTs. In a further RCT, randomization to groups with and without compression stockings took place six months after the diagnosis of DVT, and in another RCT, only patients with the absence of PTS one year after the diagnosis of DVT were analyzed. One RCT revealed a significant reduction in symptoms, whereas another RCT failed to show any benefit of using compression stockings. Conclusions: At this time, it does not seem to be justifiable to entirely abandon the recommendations regarding compression stockings to prevent PTS in patients with DVT. There is evidence favoring compression stockings, but there is also evidence showing no benefit of compression stockings.

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