scholarly journals Management of Severe Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Xiangyang, China during 2008-2013

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Liu ◽  
Jing Qi ◽  
Fei Zhan ◽  
Rong Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Troponin I ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Predictors Of Outcome ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Administrative Experience

Abstract Background Therapeutic strategies of severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) are inconsequent or deficient in evidence by now. Methods We have retrospectively analyzed HFMD outbreaks in Xiangyang from June 2008 to December 2013. All severe cases were enrolled to analyze the risk factors causing mortality and to compare the efficiency and outcome of some therapies by binary logistic regression. Results The HFMD involved 637 (1.26%) severe cases and 38 were fatal (0.75‰). Analysis indicate that age (<3y), EV71 (+), autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation, pulmonary edema/haemorrhage, CRP (>40mg/L) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) (>0.04ng/mL) are significant predictors of outcome for severe HFMD (all P < 0.05). IVIG and mechanic ventilation can significantly improve outcome of HFMD at early stage III (both P < 0.05) with odds ratios of 0.24 (95% CI: 0.10-0.57) and 0.01 (95% CI: 0.00-0.10) respectively. Methylprednisolone and milrinone administered at any stage did not make any significant differences on mortality (all P > 0.05). All therapies had no statistical significance on outcome at stage I and II (all P > 0.05). Conclusions Exactly recognition of the sever HFMD cases in early stage III and timely IVIG and mechanic ventilation application can significantly decrease mortality. Mechanic ventilation training program, and dispatching experts to county-level or district hospital when there are severe HFMD cases who lost transfer opportunity are two key successful administrative experience.

scholarly journals Management of Severe Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Xiangyang, China during 2008-2013

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Liu ◽  
Jing Qi ◽  
Fei Zhan ◽  
Rong Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Troponin I ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Predictors Of Outcome ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Administrative Experience

Abstract Background Therapeutic strategies of severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) are inconsequent or deficient in evidence by now. Methods We have retrospectively analyzed HFMD outbreaks in Xiangyang from June 2008 to December 2013. All severe cases were enrolled to analyze the risk factors causing mortality and to compare the efficiency and outcome of some therapies by binary logistic regression. Results The HFMD involved 637 (1.26%) severe cases and 38 were fatal (0.75‰). Analysis indicate that age (<3y), EV71 (+), autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation, pulmonary edema/haemorrhage, CRP (>40mg/L) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) (>0.04ng/mL) are significant predictors of outcome for severe HFMD (all P < 0.05). IVIG and mechanic ventilation can significantly improve outcome of HFMD at early stage III (both P < 0.05) with odds ratios of 0.24 (95% CI: 0.10-0.57) and 0.01 (95% CI: 0.00-0.10) respectively. Methylprednisolone and milrinone administered at any stage did not make any significant differences on mortality (all P > 0.05). All therapies had no statistical significance on outcome at stage I and II (all P > 0.05). Conclusions Exactly recognition of the sever HFMD cases in early stage III and timely IVIG and mechanic ventilation application can significantly decrease mortality. Mechanic ventilation training program, and dispatching experts to county-level or district hospital when there are severe HFMD cases who lost transfer opportunity are two key successful administrative experience.

scholarly journals Serological, hematological, Biochemical and Oxidative Markers During Foot and Mouth Disease Serotype ‘O’ Infection, Egypt

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Nasr A.M. NASR EL-DEEN ◽  
Ahmed N. F. NEAMAT-ALLAH ◽  
Lila Georgy RIZK ◽  
Rania Samy Gergis FAREED
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Oxidative Markers ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Normochromic Anemia

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an extremely grave communicable disease of livestock. It affects all wild and domestic animals with cloven hoof. It is caused by Aphtho virus (Apthous fever) or (FMDV) foot and mouth disease virus which is originated from family Picornaviridae. 30 adult female water buffaloes, 3-5 years old infected with FMD serotypes, O. These animals were located at Sharkia governorate, Egypt during the period beetwen December 2014 to March 2015. Hematological findings showed no significant change in erythrogram and reduction in total leukocytes in the early stage of FMDV infection. Moreover development of macrocytic normochromic anemia and increase in total leukocytes and lymphocytic counts was reported in the late stage of infection. A significant decrease in cholesterol , progesterone , total proteins, albumin , globulins, calcium and sodium levels in infected groups, while a significant increase in serum activities of ALT ,AST, glucose, total, direct ,indirect bilirubine, phosphorous potassium, NO. MDA, CK-MB, LDH and CTNI. Without alterations in creatinine level.

scholarly journals Selective Lymphocyte Depletion during the Early Stage of the Immune Response to Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection in Swine

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 2369-2379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fayna Díaz-San Segundo ◽  
Francisco J. Salguero ◽  
Ana de Avila ◽  
M. Mar Fernández de Marco ◽  
Miguel A. Sánchez-Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

ABSTRACT Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the causative agent of a highly contagious vesicular disease of cloven-hoofed animals. In the present study we use FMDV serotype C infection of swine to determine, by analytical techniques, the direct ex vivo visualization of virus-infected immune cells during the first 17 days of infection. We report, for the first time, that FMDV C-S8c1 can infect T and B cells at short periods of time postinoculation, corresponding with the peak of the viremia. There is a significant lymphopenia that involves CD3+ CD4− CD8+/−, CD3+ CD4− CD8+Tc, and CD3+ CD4+ CD8+ memory Th but not CD3+ CD4+ CD8− naïve Th lymphocytes. In addition, a profound depletion of the vast majority of peripheral T cells in lymph nodes and spleen is observed. This selective depletion of T cells is not due mainly to in situ death via apoptosis as visualized by the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique. Thus, early infection of T cells by FMDV may be the main cause of the observed T-cell depletion. Importantly, this lack of T cells is reflected in a reduced response to mitogen activation, which in many cases is totally eliminated. These data suggest a mechanism by which the virus causes a transient immunosuppression, subvert the immune systems, and spreads. These results have important implications for our understanding of early events in the development of a robust immune response against FMDV.

scholarly journals Isotype-specific antibody responses to foot-and-mouth disease virus in sera and secretions of ‘carrier’ and ‘non-carrier’ cattle

1996 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Salt ◽  
G. Mulcahy ◽  
R. P. Kitching
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

SummaryIsotype-specific antibody responses to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) were measured in the sera and upper respiratory tract secretions of vaccinated and susceptible cattle challenged with FMDV by direct contact or by intranasal inoculation. A comparison was made between cattle that eliminated FMDV and those that developed and maintained a persistent infection. Serological and mucosal antibody responses were detected in all animals after challenge. IgA and 1gM were detected before the development of IgG1and IgG2responses. 1gM was not detected in vaccinated cattle. Challenge with FMDV elicited a prolonged biphasic secretory antibody response in FMDV ‘carrier’ animals only. The response was detected as FMDVspecific IgA in both mucosal secretions and serum samples, which gained statistical significance (P< 0·05) by 5 weeks after challenge. This observation could represent the basis of a test to differentiate vaccinated and/or recovered convalescent cattle from FMDV ‘carriers’.

scholarly journals Determination of Cardiac Troponin I in the Blood and Heart of Calves with Foot-and-Mouth Disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 598-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Recai Tunca ◽  
Mahmut Sozmen ◽  
Hidayet Erdogan ◽  
Mehmet Citil ◽  
Erdogan Uzlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Cardiac Troponin I ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Host serum microRNA profiling during the early stage of foot-and-mouth disease virus infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 163 (8) ◽  
pp. 2055-2063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh H. Basagoudanavar ◽  
Madhusudan Hosamani ◽  
R. P. Tamil Selvan ◽  
B. P. Sreenivasa ◽  
Aniket Sanyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Serum Microrna ◽  
Microrna Profiling ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Cardiac troponin I as a cardiac biomarker has prognostic and predictive value for poor survival in Egyptian buffalo calves with foot-and-mouth disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 890-895
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Aly ◽  
Mohamed Nayel ◽  
Akram Salama ◽  
Emad Ghazy ◽  
Ibrahim Elshahawy
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Cardiac Troponin I ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Egyptian Buffalo

Background and Aim: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) causes huge economic losses in Egypt due to reductions in the production of red meat, milk, and milk by-products and can also lead to myocarditis in young animals. The aim of our study was to evaluate cardiac biomarkers, in particular cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and to reveal the relations of cardiac biomarkers with poor survival in FMD-infected Egyptian buffalo calves. Materials and Methods: Forty-two Egyptian buffalo calves were included in this study. The calves were divided into 12 apparently healthy control calves and 30 calves clinically diagnosed with FMD during a disease outbreak in Menofia and Behera Governorates, Egypt. The diseased calves were divided, according to age, into 13 calves <3 months old and 17 calves between 3 and 6 months old. The animals were examined clinically and subjected to analysis of cardiac biomarkers. Results: Biochemical analysis revealed significant elevations of cardiac biomarkers, especially creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cardiac troponin T (cTnT), and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in FMD-infected calves in comparison with control calves. There was a significant association between cTnI and poor survival in infected calves. Conclusion: Cardiac biomarkers could be used as a rapid method for diagnosis of myocarditis induced by FMD in Egyptian buffalo calves. In addition, cTnI is a very sensitive and accurate tool for determining myocardial cell damage in the earlier stages of the disease and a good predictor of poor survival in calves.

scholarly journals The burden of hand, foot, and mouth disease among children under different vaccination scenarios in China: a dynamic modelling study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixi Liu ◽  
Jie Tian ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Yixuan Li ◽  
Jing Liu-Helmersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Bivalent Vaccine ◽  
Pulse Vaccination ◽  
Monovalent Vaccine ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Abstract Background Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common illness in young children. A monovalent vaccine has been developed in China protecting against enterovirus-71, bivalent vaccines preventing HFMD caused by two viruses are under development. Objective To predict and compare the incidence of HFMD under different vaccination scenarios in China. Methods We developed a compartmental model to capture enterovirus transmission and the natural history of HFMD in children aged 0–5, and calibrated to reported cases in the same age-group from 2015 to 2018. We compared the following vaccination scenarios: different combinations of monovalent and bivalent vaccine; a program of constant vaccination to that of pulse vaccination prior to seasonal outbreaks. Results We estimate 1,982,819, 2,258,846, 1,948,522 and 2,398,566 cases from 2015 to 2018. Increased coverage of monovalent vaccine from 0 to 80% is predicted to decrease the cases by 797,262 (49.1%). Use of bivalent vaccine at an 80% coverage level would decrease the cases by 828,560. Use of a 2.0× pulse vaccination for the bivalent vaccine in addition to 80% coverage would reduce cases by over one million. The estimated R0 for HFMD in 2015–2018 was 1.08, 1.10, 1.35 and 1.17. Conclusions Our results point to the benefit of bivalent vaccine and using a pulse vaccination in specific months over routine vaccination. Other ways to control HFMD include isolation of patients in the early stage of dissemination, more frequent hand-washing and ventilation, and better treatment options for patients.

scholarly journals Management of Severe Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Xiangyang, China from 2008-2013.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Liu ◽  
Jing Qi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Abstract Therapeutic strategies for severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) are currently either inconsequent or deficient in evidence. We retrospectively surveyed HFMD outbreaks in Xiangyang from June 2008 to December 2013. FHMD is staged form I to V according to clinical severity and the case with central nervous system involvement is defined as a severe one. Most severe cases were investigated to analyse risk factors for fatality and to compare the efficiency and outcome of some therapies by binary logistic regression. The overall HFMD cases included 637 (1.26%) severe cases, 38 fatal cases (0.75‰). Analysis indicates that age (<3 y), enterovirus 71 (+), autonomic nervous system dysregulation, pulmonary edema/hemorrhage, CRP (>40 mg/L) and cardiac troponin I (>0.04 ng/mL) are risk factors for fatality (all P < 0.05). Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and mechanical ventilation applied in early stage IV significantly improved HFMD progression (both P < 0.05) with odds ratios of 0.24 (95% CI: 0.10-0.57) and 0.01 (95% CI: 0.00-0.10), respectively. Methylprednisolone and milrinone administered in any stage, and all therapies applied in stage III made no significant difference on mortality (all P > 0.05). Precise recognition of the severe HFMD cases in early stage IV and timely IVIG and mechanical ventilation application may decrease mortality. Mechanical ventilation training programs and dispatching specialists to county-level or district hospitals when there is no chance for severe HFMD cases to be transferred to superior hospitals are two key successful administrative initiatives.

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