scholarly journals Early Life Bacterial Succession Under Different Diet Regime Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Nikouli ◽  
Konstantinos Kormas ◽  
Yang Jin ◽  
Yngvar Olsen ◽  
Ingrid Bakke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Lipid Source ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Bacterial Succession ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Backgound: The present study investigated the effect of different lipid source in the feed on the colonization and the bacterial succession in early life stages (fertilized eggs until 93 days post first feeding) of S. salar. The two diets used in this study, FD (fish oil based diet) and VD (vegetable oil based diet), were formulated to cover the fish nutritional requirements and except the lipid source the components were identical between them. Hindgut samples collected at 0, 35, 65 and 93 days post first feeding (dpff). Moreover, fertilized eggs, yolk sac larvae, rearing water and feed were also sampled in order to assess a possible contribution of their microbiota to the colonization of the gut. To analyze the composition of the bacterial communities, the Illumina MiSeq platform was used.Results: S. salar growth variables (mean wet weight and total length) did not differ significantly during the experiment (p> 0.05) across replicate tanks and between dietary treatments. The analysis of the 16S rDNA sequencing data revealed a total of 4548 unique OTUs, affiliated in 21 bacterial phyla. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacterial phyla. 13 OTUs were shared among all S. salar samples independent of life stage and diet treatment. Similarity percentages analysis (SIMPER) based on Bray–Curtis distance, showed that the average dissimilarity among the groups of the same life stages was 76.0%, whereas the average dissimilarity within groups of the same dietary treatment was 78.5% (FD) and 83.6% (VD).Conclusion: Feeding on either fish oil or vegetable oil-based diets, did not result in significant differences in the intestinal microbiota. The composition of gut microbiota did not differ significantly between the two dietary treatments, but changed with age, and each stage was characterized by different dominant bacteria. These OTUs are related to species that provide different functions and have been isolated from a variety of environments. Finally, this study revealed the occurrence of a core microbiota independent of the studied life stages and diet during the early life stages of Atlantic salmon.

Early life bacterial succession under different diet regime Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Nikouli ◽  
Konstantinos Kormas ◽  
Yang Jin ◽  
Yngvar Olsen ◽  
Ingrid Bakke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Lipid Source ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Bacterial Succession ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Backgound: The present study investigated the effect of different lipid source in the feed on the colonization and the bacterial succession in early life stages (fertilized eggs until 93 days post first feeding) of S. salar. The two diets used in this study, FD (fish oil based diet) and VD (vegetable oil based diet), were formulated to cover the fish nutritional requirements and except the lipid source the components were identical between them.Hindgut samples collected at 0, 35, 65 and 93 days post first feeding (dpff). Moreover, fertilized eggs, yolk sac larvae, rearing water and feed were also sampled in order to assess a possible contribution of their microbiota to the colonization of the gut. To analyze the composition of the bacterial communities, the Illumina MiSeq platform was used. Results: S. salar growth variables (mean wet weight and total length) did not differ significantly during the experiment (p> 0.05) across replicate tanks and between dietary treatments. The analysis of the 16S rDNA sequencing data revealed a total of 4548 unique OTUs, affiliated in 21 bacterial phyla. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacterial phyla. 13 OTUs were shared among all S. salar samples independent of life stage and diet treatment. Similarity percentages analysis (SIMPER) based on Bray–Curtis distance, showed that the average dissimilarity among the groups of the same life stages was 76.0%, whereas the average dissimilarity within groups of the same dietary treatment was 78.5% (FD) and 83.6% (VD). Conclusion: Feeding on either fish oil or vegetable oil-based diets, did not result in significant differences in the intestinal microbiota. The composition of gut microbiota did not differ significantly between the two dietary treatments, but changed with age, and each stage was characterized by different dominant bacteria. These OTUs are related to species that provide different functions and have been isolated from a variety of environments. Finally, this study revealed the occurrence of a core microbiota independent of the studied life stages and diet during the early life stages of Atlantic salmon.

Distribution of Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn in Liver, Gills and Muscle of Early Life Stages of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-424
Author(s):  
María Gabriela Lobos ◽  
Claudio Sáez ◽  
Alejandra Chavarría ◽  
Maritza Sepúlveda ◽  
Patricia Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Spatial distribution of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) breeders: among- and within-river variation and predicted consequences for offspring habitat availability

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 1993-2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Gravbrøt Finstad ◽  
Sigurd Einum ◽  
Leif Magnus Sættem ◽  
Bjart Are Hellen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Habitat Availability ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Juvenile Dispersal ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

The spatial distribution of breeders within populations may have important implications for offspring habitat availability in species where mobility of early life stages is restricted. Here we address this issue using time series of spawner distributions from eight Norwegian Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) populations. Whereas spawners distribute themselves uniformly along the length of the rivers in some populations, others show a heavily skewed distribution. Linear mixed models identified pronounced and temporally consistent among-population differences in spawner distributions. Using a model of limited juvenile dispersal from nests following emergence, we show that the observed spawner distributions are predicted to result in significant proportions of rivers being inaccessible for young of the year during early life stages, and the magnitude of this effect differs among populations (e.g., ranging from 27% to 59% for dispersal distance of 250 m). Thus, assuming population regulation during early but not later juvenile stages, consistent differences in spawner distributions among populations such as those observed here may translate into differences in productivity (i.e., carrying capacity) as well as egg densities required for populations to reach their spawning targets.

Population decline off the Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus owing to recruitment failures

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1609-1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiro Watanabe ◽  
Hiromu Zenitani ◽  
Ryo Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Japanese Sardine ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Poor Recruitment

The Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus started to decline after 1989. Recruitment to age 1 population was small in four year-classes from 1988 to 1991. The population decline after 1989 resulted from recruitment failures in 4 consecutive years. Egg production was high in the years of poor recruitment. The recruitment failures were caused not by a reduction in reproductive output but by low survival between egg stage and age 1 recruitment. Abundance of post first-feeding larvae positively correlated with egg and yolksac larval abundance. Mortality at the first-feeding stage was not so variable as to destroy correlations between the abundance of early life stages. The population of age 1 recruits did not correlate with the abundance of post first-feeding larvae. Recruitment of the sardine was not fixed by the end of the first-feeding stage. Cumulative mortality through the early life stages, rather than relatively instantaneous mortality at the first-feeding stage, is thought to be responsible for the recruitment success or failure and eventual population fluctuations of the sardine.

scholarly journals Dietary Lipid Effects on Gut Microbiota of First Feeding Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Nikouli ◽  
Konstantinos Ar. Kormas ◽  
Yang Jin ◽  
Yngvar Olsen ◽  
Ingrid Bakke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
First Feeding

Decline in fish oil and fish meal availability has forced the aquaculture sector to investigate alternative and sustainable aquafeed ingredients. Despite that several studies have evaluated the effect of fish oil replacement in aquaculture fish species, there is a knowledge gap on the effects of alternative dietary lipid sources on the gut microbiota in early life stages of Salmo salar. The present study evaluated the influence of dietary administration of two different lipid sources (fish oil and vegetable oil) on the intestinal microbiota of first feeding Atlantic salmon (S. salar) up to 93 days post first feeding (dpff). The two diets used in this study, FD (fish oil diet) and VD (blend of rapeseed, linseed and palm oils diet), were formulated to cover the fish nutritional requirements. Apart from the lipid source, the rest of the feed components were identical in the two diets. Hindgut samples were collected at 0, 35, 65, and 93 dpff. Moreover, fertilized eggs, yolk sac larvae, rearing water and feed were also collected in order to assess a possible contribution of their microbiota to the colonization and bacterial succession of the fish intestines. To analyze the bacterial communities, amplicon sequencing was used targeting the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The findings indicate that feeding on either fish oil or vegetable oil-based diet, fish growth variables (mean wet weight and total length) did not differ significantly during the experiment (p > 0.05). No significant differences were also found between the two dietary groups, regarding their gut bacteria composition, after the analysis of the 16S rRNA sequencing data. Instead, gut microbiota changed with age, and each stage was characterized by different dominant bacteria. These operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were related to species that provide different functions and have been isolated from a variety of environments. The results also show little OTUs overlap between the host and rearing environment microbiota. Overall, this study revealed the occurrence of a core microbiota in early life of Atlantic salmon independent of the feed-contained oil origin.

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