scholarly journals Dietary Lipid Effects on Gut Microbiota of First Feeding Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Nikouli ◽  
Konstantinos Ar. Kormas ◽  
Yang Jin ◽  
Yngvar Olsen ◽  
Ingrid Bakke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
First Feeding

Decline in fish oil and fish meal availability has forced the aquaculture sector to investigate alternative and sustainable aquafeed ingredients. Despite that several studies have evaluated the effect of fish oil replacement in aquaculture fish species, there is a knowledge gap on the effects of alternative dietary lipid sources on the gut microbiota in early life stages of Salmo salar. The present study evaluated the influence of dietary administration of two different lipid sources (fish oil and vegetable oil) on the intestinal microbiota of first feeding Atlantic salmon (S. salar) up to 93 days post first feeding (dpff). The two diets used in this study, FD (fish oil diet) and VD (blend of rapeseed, linseed and palm oils diet), were formulated to cover the fish nutritional requirements. Apart from the lipid source, the rest of the feed components were identical in the two diets. Hindgut samples were collected at 0, 35, 65, and 93 dpff. Moreover, fertilized eggs, yolk sac larvae, rearing water and feed were also collected in order to assess a possible contribution of their microbiota to the colonization and bacterial succession of the fish intestines. To analyze the bacterial communities, amplicon sequencing was used targeting the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The findings indicate that feeding on either fish oil or vegetable oil-based diet, fish growth variables (mean wet weight and total length) did not differ significantly during the experiment (p > 0.05). No significant differences were also found between the two dietary groups, regarding their gut bacteria composition, after the analysis of the 16S rRNA sequencing data. Instead, gut microbiota changed with age, and each stage was characterized by different dominant bacteria. These operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were related to species that provide different functions and have been isolated from a variety of environments. The results also show little OTUs overlap between the host and rearing environment microbiota. Overall, this study revealed the occurrence of a core microbiota in early life of Atlantic salmon independent of the feed-contained oil origin.

scholarly journals Effects of genotype and dietary fish oil replacement with vegetable oil on the intestinal transcriptome and proteome of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

BMC Genomics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Morais ◽  
Tomé Silva ◽  
Odete Cordeiro ◽  
Pedro Rodrigues ◽  
Derrick R Guy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Fish Oil Replacement ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Dietary Fish

Early life bacterial succession under different diet regime Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Nikouli ◽  
Konstantinos Kormas ◽  
Yang Jin ◽  
Yngvar Olsen ◽  
Ingrid Bakke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Lipid Source ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Bacterial Succession ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Backgound: The present study investigated the effect of different lipid source in the feed on the colonization and the bacterial succession in early life stages (fertilized eggs until 93 days post first feeding) of S. salar. The two diets used in this study, FD (fish oil based diet) and VD (vegetable oil based diet), were formulated to cover the fish nutritional requirements and except the lipid source the components were identical between them.Hindgut samples collected at 0, 35, 65 and 93 days post first feeding (dpff). Moreover, fertilized eggs, yolk sac larvae, rearing water and feed were also sampled in order to assess a possible contribution of their microbiota to the colonization of the gut. To analyze the composition of the bacterial communities, the Illumina MiSeq platform was used. Results: S. salar growth variables (mean wet weight and total length) did not differ significantly during the experiment (p> 0.05) across replicate tanks and between dietary treatments. The analysis of the 16S rDNA sequencing data revealed a total of 4548 unique OTUs, affiliated in 21 bacterial phyla. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacterial phyla. 13 OTUs were shared among all S. salar samples independent of life stage and diet treatment. Similarity percentages analysis (SIMPER) based on Bray–Curtis distance, showed that the average dissimilarity among the groups of the same life stages was 76.0%, whereas the average dissimilarity within groups of the same dietary treatment was 78.5% (FD) and 83.6% (VD). Conclusion: Feeding on either fish oil or vegetable oil-based diets, did not result in significant differences in the intestinal microbiota. The composition of gut microbiota did not differ significantly between the two dietary treatments, but changed with age, and each stage was characterized by different dominant bacteria. These OTUs are related to species that provide different functions and have been isolated from a variety of environments. Finally, this study revealed the occurrence of a core microbiota independent of the studied life stages and diet during the early life stages of Atlantic salmon.

Muscle lipid storage pattern, composition, and adipocyte distribution in different parts of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed fish oil and vegetable oil

Aquaculture ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 265 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 230-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic A. Nanton ◽  
Anne Vegusdal ◽  
Anna Maria Bencze Rørå ◽  
Bente Ruyter ◽  
Grete Baeverfjord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Lipid Storage ◽  
Muscle Lipid ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Different Parts

scholarly journals Early Life Bacterial Succession Under Different Diet Regime Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Nikouli ◽  
Konstantinos Kormas ◽  
Yang Jin ◽  
Yngvar Olsen ◽  
Ingrid Bakke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Lipid Source ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Bacterial Succession ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Backgound: The present study investigated the effect of different lipid source in the feed on the colonization and the bacterial succession in early life stages (fertilized eggs until 93 days post first feeding) of S. salar. The two diets used in this study, FD (fish oil based diet) and VD (vegetable oil based diet), were formulated to cover the fish nutritional requirements and except the lipid source the components were identical between them. Hindgut samples collected at 0, 35, 65 and 93 days post first feeding (dpff). Moreover, fertilized eggs, yolk sac larvae, rearing water and feed were also sampled in order to assess a possible contribution of their microbiota to the colonization of the gut. To analyze the composition of the bacterial communities, the Illumina MiSeq platform was used.Results: S. salar growth variables (mean wet weight and total length) did not differ significantly during the experiment (p> 0.05) across replicate tanks and between dietary treatments. The analysis of the 16S rDNA sequencing data revealed a total of 4548 unique OTUs, affiliated in 21 bacterial phyla. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacterial phyla. 13 OTUs were shared among all S. salar samples independent of life stage and diet treatment. Similarity percentages analysis (SIMPER) based on Bray–Curtis distance, showed that the average dissimilarity among the groups of the same life stages was 76.0%, whereas the average dissimilarity within groups of the same dietary treatment was 78.5% (FD) and 83.6% (VD).Conclusion: Feeding on either fish oil or vegetable oil-based diets, did not result in significant differences in the intestinal microbiota. The composition of gut microbiota did not differ significantly between the two dietary treatments, but changed with age, and each stage was characterized by different dominant bacteria. These OTUs are related to species that provide different functions and have been isolated from a variety of environments. Finally, this study revealed the occurrence of a core microbiota independent of the studied life stages and diet during the early life stages of Atlantic salmon.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Carbohydrate-to-Protein Ratio on Gut Microbiota in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Villasante ◽  
Carolina Ramírez ◽  
Natalia Catalán ◽  
Rafael Opazo ◽  
Patricio Dantagnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a carnivorous fish species whose productive performance tends to be suboptimal when fed low-cost carbohydrate rich meals. It is of interest to study the dynamics of gut microbiota communities in salmonids fed high carbohydrate diets since gut microbes are referred to as key players that influence the metabolism and physiology of the host. A study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding a high carbohydrate diet to Atlantic salmon in gut microbiota communities. A medium carbohydrate (15% wheat starch)/medium protein (MC/MP) diet or a high carbohydrate (30% wheat starch)/low protein (HC/LP) diet was fed to triplicate tanks (28 fish each) during four weeks. We conducted an in-depth characterization of the distal intestine digesta microbiota using high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the major phyla determined in either experimental group. Phylum Planctomycetes, class Planctomycetia, order Planctomycetales and genus Lactococcus were significantly more abundant in fish fed the HC/LP diet compared with fish fed the MC/MP diet. Our study suggests feeding a carbohydrate rich meal to salmon exerts a low impact on the structure of gut microbial communities, affecting mostly low-abundance bacteria capable of metabolizing anaerobically carbohydrates as a major energy-yielding substrate.

scholarly journals Metabolism, health and fillet nutritional quality in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets containing n-3-rich microalgae

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Kousoulaki ◽  
Tone-Kari Knutsdatter Østbye ◽  
Aleksei Krasnov ◽  
Jacob Seilø Torgersen ◽  
Turid Mørkøre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractMicroalgae, as primary producers of EPA and DHA, are among the most prominent alternative sources to fish oil for n-3 long-chain PUFA in animal and human nutrition. The present study aimed to assess technical, nutritional and fish health aspects of producing n-3-rich Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fish fillets by dietary supplementation of increasing levels of a DHA-producing Schizochytrium sp. and reduced or without use of supplemental fish oil. Atlantic salmon smolt were fed diets with graded levels of microalgae for 12 weeks, during which all fish showed high feed intake rates with postprandial plasma leptin levels inversely correlating with final mean fish body weights. Fish performance was optimal in all experimental treatments (thermal growth coefficient about 4·0 and feed conversion ratio 0·8–0·9), protein digestibility was equal in all diets, whereas dietary lipid digestibility inversely correlated with the dietary levels of the SFA 16 : 0. Fillet quality was good and similar to the control in all treatments in terms of n-3 long-chain PUFA content, gaping, texture and liquid losses during thawing. Histological fluorescence staining and immunofluorescence analysis of salmon intestines (midgut: base of intestine and villi) revealed significant effects on slime, goblet cell production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity with increasing levels of dietary Schizochytrium sp. supplementation. Microarray analysis did not reveal any signs of toxicity, stress, inflammation or any other negative effects from Schizochytrium sp. supplementation in diets for Atlantic salmon.

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