Anticancer Potential of Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Bioactive Metabolites of Actinobacteria Against A549 Lung Cancer Cells

Multi-drug resistance microorganisms and the rising numbers of cancer cases possess a critical threat to humankind, thereby motivating research on new weapons to combat the problem. To address these issues, researchers are now focusing on secondary metabolites produced by bacteria. Because of having outstanding antibiotic capabilities, actinobacteria are being explored as a potential solution to this problem. Silver nanoparticles of actinobacteria are green, eco-friendly, and cost-effective, as well as having antibacterial and anti-cancer properties and potential use in pharmaceuticals. Antibacterial potential of secondary metabolites produced by actinobacteria namely Microbacterium proteolyticum LA2(R) and Streptomyces rochei LA2(O) has been demonstrated by the well diffusion method. GC-MS was used to detect compounds in bioactive metabolites. The most abundant compound found in metabolites was n-hexadecanoic acid. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to determine the extracellular development of silver nanoparticles of actinobacteria secondary metabolites, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to inspect their morphological appearances, stability, crystalline structure, and coating. The activity of anticancer was assessed using the MTT test to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the secondar metabolites (pure and nanoparticles) against A549 lung cancer cells. We also evaluated the effect of secondar metabolites (pure and nanoparticles) on Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and Chromatin condensation through DCFDA, Mito Tracker and DAPI staining. Our result suggested that their secondary metabolites can be used a potential lead compound against cancer. However, more investigation is needed to totally grasp their mechanism of action.