scholarly journals High Efficiency Laser-Driven Proton Sources Using 3D-Printed Micro-Structure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengyu Qin ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Shun Li ◽  
Nengwen Wang ◽  
Angxiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Proton Acceleration ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Laser Proton Acceleration

Abstract We applied 3D-printed microwire-array (MWA) structure to boost the energy conversion efficiency of laser proton acceleration. The advanced nano-printing technique allows precise control on the spacing and geometrical size of 3D structures at 100-500 nm resolution. Under irradiation of high contrast laser pulse (15J, 35fs), the MWA target generates over 1.2×1012 protons (> 1MeV) with cut-off energies extending to 25MeV, corresponding to top-end of 8.7% energy conversion efficiency from femtosecond lasers. When comparing to flat foils the efficiency is enhanced by three times, while the cut-off energy is increased by 30-70% depending on their thicknesses. By precisely controlling the array period via 3D nano-printing, we found the dependence of proton energy/conversion-efficiency on the spacing of the MWA. The experimental trend is well reproduced by hydrodynamic and Particle-In-Cell simulations, which reveal for the first time the modulation of pre-plasma profile induced by laser diffraction within the fine structures. Optimal geometry for laser-proton acceleration is therefore strongly modified. Our work validates the use of 3D-printed micro-structures to produce high efficiency laser-driven particle sources and pointed out the new effect in optimizing the experimental conditions.

scholarly journals Improvement of proton energy in high-intensity laser-nanobrush target interactions

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinqing Yu ◽  
Weimin Zhou ◽  
Xiaolin Jin ◽  
Lihua Cao ◽  
Zongqing Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Proton Energy ◽  
Rear Surface ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Rear Side ◽  
Proton Acceleration ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
High Intensity Laser ◽  
Cell Simulation

AbstractIn order to improve the total laser-proton energy conversion efficiency, a nanobrush target is proposed for proton acceleration and investigated by two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. The simulation results show that the nanobrush target significantly enhances the energy and number of hot electrons through the target rear side. Compared with plain target, the sheath field on the rear surface is increased near 100% and the total laser-proton energy conversion efficiency is prompted more than 70%. Furthermore, the proton divergence angle is less than 30° by using nanobrush target. The proposed target may serve as a new method to increase the energy conversion efficiency from laser to protons.

scholarly journals Significant Influence of Annealing Temperature and Thickness of Electrode on Energy Conversion Efficiency of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell: Effect of Catalyst

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasim Uddin ◽  
Jahid M.M. Islam ◽  
Shauk M.M. Khan ◽  
Enamul Hoque ◽  
Mubarak A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cell ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Dye Sensitized

Dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) shows great promise as an alternative to conventional p-n junction solar cells due to their low fabrication cost and reasonably high efficiency. DSSC was assembled by using natural dye extracted from red amaranth (Amaranthus Gangeticus) as a sensitizer and different catalysts for counter electrode were applied for maximum energy conversion efficiency. Annealing temperature and thickness of electrode were also investigated and optimized. Catalyst, annealing temperature and thickness were optimized by the determination of cell performance considering photoelectrochemical output and measuring current and voltage; then calculating efficiency and other electrical parameters. The experimental results indicated that samples having 40 µm electrode thickness and prepared at 450 °C annealing temperature showed the best performance

scholarly journals Two-step photon up-conversion solar cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeo Asahi ◽  
Haruyuki Teranishi ◽  
Kazuki Kusaki ◽  
Toshiyuki Kaizu ◽  
Takashi Kita
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Inas Quantum Dots

Abstract Reducing the transmission loss for below-gap photons is a straightforward way to break the limit of the energy-conversion efficiency of solar cells (SCs). The up-conversion of below-gap photons is very promising for generating additional photocurrent. Here we propose a two-step photon up-conversion SC with a hetero-interface comprising different bandgaps of Al0.3Ga0.7As and GaAs. The below-gap photons for Al0.3Ga0.7As excite GaAs and generate electrons at the hetero-interface. The accumulated electrons at the hetero-interface are pumped upwards into the Al0.3Ga0.7As barrier by below-gap photons for GaAs. Efficient two-step photon up-conversion is achieved by introducing InAs quantum dots at the hetero-interface. We observe not only a dramatic increase in the additional photocurrent, which exceeds the reported values by approximately two orders of magnitude, but also an increase in the photovoltage. These results suggest that the two-step photon up-conversion SC has a high potential for implementation in the next-generation high-efficiency SCs.

scholarly journals A High-Efficiency Driver Circuit for a Gas-Sensor Microheater Based on a Switch-Mode DC-to-DC Converter

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5367
Author(s):  
Tzu-Sen Yang ◽  
Jin-Chern Chiou
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Switch Mode

Low power consumption is one of the critical factors for successful Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In such applications, gas sensors have become a main source of power consumption because energy conversion efficiency of the microheater is relative over a wide range of operating temperatures. To improve the energy-conversion efficiency of gas-sensor microheaters, this paper proposes integrated switch-mode DC-to-DC power converter technology which we compare with traditional driving methods such as pulse-width modulation and the linear mode. The results indicate that energy conversion efficiency with this proposed method remains over 90% from 150 °C to 400 °C when using a 3.0, 4.2 and 5.0 V power supply. Energy-conversion efficiency increases by 1–74% compared with results obtained using the traditional driving methods, and the sensing film still detects alcohol and toluene at 200 °C and 280 °C, respectively, with high energy conversion efficiency. These results show that the proposed method is useful and should be further developed to drive gas-sensor microheaters, and then integrated into the circuits of the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor micro electro mechanical systems (CMOS-MEMS).

Developments of Solar Cell Materials and Fabrication Technology and their Effects on Energy Conversion Efficiency

2013 ◽  
Vol 378 ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Dong Yang ◽  
Paul Wu ◽  
Jason Deng ◽  
Mansoor Barati ◽  
Alex McLean
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Black Silicon ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency

This paper reviews the present status and future developments of solar cell materials for photovoltaic (PV) application. The solar cell made from different materials, such as silicon with different structures, cadmium telluride (CdTe), gallium arsenide GaAs), copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) and polymers are compared in theoretical ability, energy conversion efficiency, production and maintenance costs as well as environmental effects. Several important strategies to improve energy efficiency, such as anti-reflective coating (ARC), multi-junction concentrator and black silicon technique that improve the light-trapping and absorption properties of solar cells, are discussed. The review results show that the most efficient solar cells achieved 50% energy conversion, whereas silicon-based PV cells can reach 27%. Today the market is dominated by crystalline silicon in multi-crystalline and mono-crystalline forms due to it being the second most abundant element on the earths crust, and its nontoxic and environmental-friendly nature compared with other materials. Development of a new process with low cost, high efficiency and environment-friendly nature to produce solar grade silicon is of significant importance for the PV industry.

Combustion-Thermoelectric Tube

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-W. Park ◽  
M. Kaviany
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Solid Matrix

In direct combustion-thermoelectric energy conversion, direct fuel injection and reciprocation of the air flowing in a solid matrix are combined with the solid-gas interfacial heat transfer and the solid conduction to allow for obtaining superadiabatic temperatures at the hot junctions. While the solid conductivity is necessary, the relatively large thermal conductivity of the available high-temperature thermoelectric materials (e.g., Si–Ge alloys) results in a large conduction loss from the hot junctions and deteriorates the performance. Here, a combustion-thermoelectric tube is introduced and analyzed. Radially averaged temperatures are used for the fluid and solid phases. A combination of external cooling of the cold junctions, and direct injection of the fuel, has been used to increase the energy conversion efficiency for low thermal conductivity, high-melting temperature thermoelectric materials. The parametric study (geometry, flow, stoichiometry, materials) shows that with the current high figure of merit, high temperature Si0.7Ge0.3 properties, a conversion efficiency of about 11 percent is achievable. With lower thermal conductivities for these high-temperature materials, efficiencies about 25 percent appear possible. This places this energy conversion in line with the other high efficiency, direct, electric power generation methods. [S0022-1481(00)01304-9]

First-principles study on the electronic and optical properties of the orthorhombic CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3 with Cmcm space group

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianhao Zhao ◽  
Tianyu Tang ◽  
Quan Xie ◽  
like gao ◽  
Limin Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Absorbing Materials ◽  
Halide Perovskites ◽  
Lead Halide

The cesium lead halide perovskites are regarded as effective candidates for light-absorbing materials in solar cells, which have shown excellent performances in experiments such as promising energy conversion efficiency. In...

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