scholarly journals Exosome Derived From Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Accelerates Fracture Healing via SMAD7 Signaling Regulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Xiong ◽  
Ze Lin ◽  
Hang Xue ◽  
Yiqiang Hu ◽  
Tao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Knock Down ◽  
Beneficial Role ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Approach

Abstract BackgroundExtremity injuries, especially for bone fracture, predominate in warfare, and around one-third of military personnel sustain at least one kind of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The beneficial role of TBI in osteogenic differentiation and fracture healing was found in clinic, however, the underlying mechanism of this interesting finding is elusive. Exosome (Exos) is nanosized extracellular vesicles, and their regulatory role in bone remodeling have attracted accumulative attention.MethodsUltra-high speed gradient centrifugation was used to extract exosomes (Exos) both from fracture patients combined with TBI (TBI-Exos), and from isolated fracture patients (Ctr-Exos). Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) proliferation was checked by qRT-PCR, western blotting, ALP staining, alizarin red staining, and EdU (5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine) assays. In addition, C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into different groups according to the treatments, and the radiographic and histopathological results were analyzed to evaluate the effect of TBI-Exos on fracture healing. ResultsIn vitro, suppression of SMAD7 promoted osteogenic differentiation, whereas knock down of miR-21-5p in TBI-Exos deprived this bone-beneficial effect at a great extent. Similarly, our results confirmed that pre-injection of TBI-Exos leads to enhanced bone formation, whereas knock down of exosomal miR-21-5p was capable to markedly impair this bone-beneficial effect in vivo. ConclusionOur findings provide a potential mechanism of the beneficial role of TBI in fracture healing with a particular focus on the TBI-Exos, and suggest that the use of nanosized materials combined with miR-21-5p-mimics may be a promising therapeutic approach to enhance fracture healing in the future.

Clinical and Biochemical Outcomes Following EEG Neurofeedback Training in Traumatic Brain Injury in the Context of Spontaneous Recovery

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathlyn N. Bennett ◽  
Rajnish K. Gupta ◽  
Puttachandra Prabhakar ◽  
Rita Christopher ◽  
Somanna Sampath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Neurofeedback Training ◽  
Eeg Neurofeedback

It has been found that reduction of posttraumatic stress symptoms is positively associated with the reduction of postconcussive symptoms. Cortisol is commonly used as a biomarker of stress. Understanding the role of posttraumatic stress and cortisol in symptom reduction has implication for neuropsychological rehabilitation particularly in the context of spontaneous recovery. Objective. The aim of the research was to study the effectiveness of EEG neurofeedback training on clinical symptoms, perceived stress, and cortisol in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients in the context of spontaneous recovery. Methods. The design was an experimental longitudinal design with the pre-post comparison. The sample comprised 60 patients with the diagnosis of TBI—30 patients in the neurofeedback training (NFT) group and 30 patients in the treatment as usual group (TAU) group. Half of the patients were recruited within 6 months of injury to study the role of spontaneous recovery and the other half were recruited in the 12 to 18 months postinjury phase. Alpha-theta training was given to the NFT group over 20 sessions. Pre and post comparisons were made on clinical symptom rating, perceived stress, and serum cortisol levels. Results. The results indicate significant differences in symptom reporting and perceived stress between the NFT and TAU groups. Significant differences were also seen in cortisol levels with implications for the acute recovery phase. Conclusion. Alpha-theta NFT has a beneficial effect on symptom reduction as well as perceived stress. It also has a beneficial effect on levels of serum cortisol, corroborating these findings.

Role of innate inflammation in traumatic brain injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Bourgeois-Tardif ◽  
Louis De Beaumont ◽  
José Carlos Rivera ◽  
Sylvain Chemtob ◽  
Alexander G Weil
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury

scholarly journals P88 Paroxysmal sympathetic storm and the role of beta-blockers in traumatic brain injury: a scoping review protocol

BJS Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Nguembu ◽  
Marco Meloni ◽  
Geneviève Endalle ◽  
Hugues Dokponou ◽  
Olaoluwa Ezekiel Dada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Glasgow Coma Scale ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sympathetic Hyperactivity ◽  
Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity

Abstract Introduction Most cases of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) result from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Little is known about its pathophysiology and treatment, and several neuroprotective drugs are used including beta-blockers. The aim of our study is to collate existing evidence of the role of beta-blockers in the treatment of PSH. Method We will search MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. The search terms used will cover the following terms: “paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity”, “traumatic brain injury” and “beta-blockers.”: No language or geographical restrictions will be applied. Two independent co-authors will screen the titles and abstracts of each article following predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. If there is a conflict the two reviewers will find a consensus and if they cannot a third co-author will decide. Using a pre-designed and pre-piloted data extraction form, data from each included citation will be collected (authors identification, study type, TBI severity, type of beta-blockers used, dosage of the drug, clinical signs of PSH, Glasgow Coma Scale, Glasgow Outcome Scale, mortality, morbidity and length of stay). Simple descriptive data analyses will be performed and the results will be presented both in a narrative and tabular form. Results The effectiveness of beta-blockers in post-TBI PHS will be evaluated through clinical signs of PHS(increased heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, blood pressure, and sweating), Glasgow Coma Scale, and Glasgow Outcome Scale. mortality, morbidity and length of stay. Conclusion At the end of this scoping review we will design a systematic review with metaanalysis if there are a reasonable number of studies otherwise we will design a randomized controlled trial.

Polydatin alleviates traumatic brain injury: Role of inhibiting ferroptosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 556 ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Lu Huang ◽  
Shulei He ◽  
Qing Cai ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Siwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury

scholarly journals Creatine Supplementation and Brain Health

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamilton Roschel ◽  
Bruno Gualano ◽  
Sergej M. Ostojic ◽  
Eric S. Rawson
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Brain Health

There is a robust and compelling body of evidence supporting the ergogenic and therapeutic role of creatine supplementation in muscle. Beyond these well-described effects and mechanisms, there is literature to suggest that creatine may also be beneficial to brain health (e.g., cognitive processing, brain function, and recovery from trauma). This is a growing field of research, and the purpose of this short review is to provide an update on the effects of creatine supplementation on brain health in humans. There is a potential for creatine supplementation to improve cognitive processing, especially in conditions characterized by brain creatine deficits, which could be induced by acute stressors (e.g., exercise, sleep deprivation) or chronic, pathologic conditions (e.g., creatine synthesis enzyme deficiencies, mild traumatic brain injury, aging, Alzheimer’s disease, depression). Despite this, the optimal creatine protocol able to increase brain creatine levels is still to be determined. Similarly, supplementation studies concomitantly assessing brain creatine and cognitive function are needed. Collectively, data available are promising and future research in the area is warranted.

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