scholarly journals Comparison of Microbiological Water Quality and Chlorine Level Between Adult Public Swimming Pool and Baby Public Swimming Pool in Klang Valley, Malaysia.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahida Abd. Zamzami ◽  
Muhammad Naim Bin Rosli
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
T Test ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
P Value ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Heterotrophic Plate Count ◽  
The Public ◽  
Microbiological Water Quality ◽  
Klang Valley

Abstract Background: Swimming becomes one of the favorites sports in Malaysian due to the health benefits, for essential skills. The public swimming pool not only for an adult but there are for created for children as well. Most of the public swimming pool also provided a with two type of pool, adult and baby swimming pool.Objective: The purpose for this research is to compare the microbiological water quality and chlorine level between adult and baby public swimming pool in Klang Valley.Methodology: 21 water sample from public swimming pools include hotel, apartment, and public swimming pool in Lembah Klang, Malaysia was collected. The water samples collected in sterile bottles (30 ml). Physicochemical parameters determine by using standard instruments and methods (rainbow model 78), and the presence of the colony was using a heterotrophic plate count (HPC).Result: From heterotrophic plate count result shown out of 21 swimming pool for adult and 21 swimming pool for baby, 19.1% did not follow the World Health Organization (WHO), HPC. The microbiological quality (mean colony count) between baby and adult pool, there were slight differences of at 0.24%. The baby pool shows the higher value at of colony count at 111±197.334 compared with adult pool at 87.095±149.543. The independent t-test showed there is no significant between these groups with a p-value for at 0.65 (>0.05). For chlorine level, baby pool showed 47.6% swimming pools follow standard chlorine level and for an adult pool, 42.9 %. Comparing between two groups, baby pools show higher value with of chlorine at 1.581 ± 1.369 while adult pool at 1.414±1.293. The p-value for both as analyzed by independent t-test shows 0.694 (>0.05), which is not significant.Conclusion: The study recommends improvement in personal hygiene of swimmers, adequate disinfection of the pools and enforcement of standards by the government.

scholarly journals Comparison of Microbiological Water Quality and Chlorine Level Between Adult Public Swimming Pool and Baby Public Swimming Pool in Klang Valley, Malaysia.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahida Abd. Zamzami ◽  
Muhammad Naim Bin Rosli
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
T Test ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
P Value ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Heterotrophic Plate Count ◽  
The Public ◽  
Microbiological Water Quality ◽  
Klang Valley

Abstract Background: Swimming becomes one of the favourite sports in Malaysian due to the health benefits, for essential skills. ). The public swimming pool not only from an adult but there are created as well for children, so most of the public swimming pool also provided a baby swimming pool. Objective: The purpose of this research to compare the microbiological water quality and chlorine level between the adult public swimming pool and baby public swimming pool in Klang Valley. Methodology: 21 water sample from public swimming pools include hotel, apartment and public swimming pool in Lembah Klang, Malaysia was collected. The water samples collected in sterile bottles (30 ml). Physicochemical parameters determine by using standard instruments and methods (rainbow model 78), and the presence of the colony was using a heterotrophic plate count (HPC). Result: From heterotrophic plate count result shown out of 21 swimming pool for adult and 21 swimming pool for baby, 19.1% did not follow the World Health Organization (WHO), HPC. The microbiological quality (mean colony count) between baby and adult pool, there were slight differences of at 0.24%. The baby pool shows the higher value at of colony count at 111±197.334 compared with adult pool at 87.095±149.543. The independent t-test showed there is no significant between these groups with a p-value for at 0.65 (>0.05). For chlorine level, baby pool showed 47.6% swimming pools follow standard chlorine level and for an adult pool, 42.9 %. Comparing between two groups, baby pools show higher value with of chlorine at 1.581 ± 1.369 while adult pool at 1.414±1.293. The p-value for both as analyzed by independent t-test shows 0.694 (>0.05), which is not significant. Conclusion: The study recommends improvement in personal hygiene of swimmers, adequate disinfection of the pools and enforcement of standards by the government.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF BASIC LIFE ASSISTANCE TRAINING (BHD) ON MOTIVATION AND DEMEANOUR OF CLASS XI STUDENTS IN RESCUING TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN SMA NEGERI 2 TENGGARONG

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Indah Nur Imamah ◽  
Alfi Ari Fakhrur Rizal ◽  
Milkhatun Kalimantan Milkhatun
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

Traffic accidents are one of the public health problems that affect all sectors of life. The phenomenon of traffic accidents so far has not received much public attention as a cause of death. The increase in mortality rates that occur on the highway is very high and quite a concern and vigilance for the community. This usually happens one of them because the Indonesian people do not know how to help victims who are good and right when finding victims. As a result most of actions is wrong, so  it can add to injury and  death. This study aims to determine the effect of basic life support (BLS) training on the motivation and demeanour of class XI students in rescuing  traffic accidents in SMA Negeri 2 Tenggarong. This study uses a quasy experimental method of pre and post design with a control group. Proportional stratified random sampling technique with a sample of 78 students and data collection using a questionnaire sheet. Data that was analyzed by paired t test in each group showed a p-value of 0,000 <0.05, meaning that there was a statistically change in motivation and attitude between before and after treatment in the form of BLS training for class XI students at SMAN 2 Tenggarong.  The result is not much different from the independent t test which showed p-value 0,000 <0.05, which means there is a statistically different demeanour between the difference before and after treatment in the form of BLS training in the control and intervention groups. The results showed that there was a statistically significant change in motivation and demeanour between before and after the BLS training was given to the motivation and demeanour of class XI students at SMAN 2 Tenggarong with a p-value of 0,000 <0.05.

scholarly journals Bacteriological and Physicochemical Assessment of Water Quality of the Public Swimming Pools in Klang Valley Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naim Rosli
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
National Standard ◽  
World Health ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Swimming Pools

Abstract Background: Water is essential for life and it been used for various activities such as drinking, bathing, and recreational purposes and also one of the modes of the transmission of the disease.Objective: The objective of this study to assess the presence of bacteriological and physicochemical quality of swimming pools’ water in Lembah Klang, Malaysia.Methodology: Seven water samples collected from outdoor and indoor swimming pools (hotel, apartment, and public swimming pool) in Lembah Klang, Malaysia. Water samples were collected in sterile bottles (30 ml). Physicochemical parameters were determined using water quality testing kit pH & chlorine apparatuses. The water sample was cultured and incubated. The presence of bacteria was counted by the total bacterial count method.Result: The ranges of mean values of the various chlorine level parameters of the selected water samples investigated for the apartment, hotel, and municipal were, 0.56±1.01, 0.77±0.95, and 1.19±0.91. All the physicochemical parameters except conductivity values were within the permissible limits of the World Health Organization (WHO) standards 2006 and American National Standard for Water Quality in Public Pools and Spas (ANSI/APSP) 2015. The mean, standard plate count of water samples from the selected apartment, hotel, and municipal’s swimming pools were, 28407.14±28469.05, 8192.86±10556.36, and 3257.14±6250.17which above the WHO Guideline limit, thus signifying contamination.Conclusion: The study recommends improvement in the personal hygiene of swimmers, adequate cleansing of the pools, and enforcement of standards by the government.

scholarly journals An exploration of disinfection by-products formation and governing factors in chlorinated swimming pool water

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 861-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huma Ilyas ◽  
Ilyas Masih ◽  
Jan Peter van der Hoek
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Swimming Pool Water ◽  
By Products

Abstract This paper investigates disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation and their relationship with governing factors in chlorinated swimming pools. The study compares concentrations of DBPs with WHO guidelines for drinking water quality recommended to screen swimming pool water quality. The statistical analysis is based on a global database of 188 swimming pools accumulated from 42 peer-reviewed journal publications from 16 countries. The mean and standard deviation of dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid were estimated as 282 ± 437 and 326 ± 517 μg L−1, respectively, which most often surpassed the WHO guidelines. Similarly, more than half of the examined pools had higher values of chloral hydrate (102 ± 128 μg L−1). The concentration of total chloramines (650 ± 490 μg L−1) was well above the WHO guidelines in all reported cases. Nevertheless, the reported values remained below the guidelines for most of the studied pools in the case of total trihalomethanes (134 ± 160 μg L−1), dichloroacetonitrile (12 ± 12 μg L−1) and dibromoacetonitrile (8 ± 11 μg L−1). Total organic carbon, free residual chlorine, temperature, pH, total nitrogen and bromide ions play a pivotal role in DBPs formation processes. Therefore, proper management of these governing factors could significantly reduce DBPs formation, thereby, contributing towards a healthy swimming pool environment.

Immersed at the water's edge: modern British and Australian seaside pools as sites of ‘Good living’

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 281-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Lewi ◽  
Christine Phillips
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Good Living ◽  
Physiological Benefits ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
Careful Documentation

This article re-examines the swimming pool as a potent building type embodying the salient characteristics of Modernity. Not only did the building of modern public swimming pools celebrate new materials, engineered solutions and technologies but they also reflected rapidly changing attitudes to the body, leisure and fitness in line with Modernist aspirations. Public pools thus created new communal places where relationships between social, natural and built environments could be explored and embraced.In understanding these social and design aspirations to create the Modern ‘good life’, a set of English and Australian waterside open-air swimming pools and lidos of the 1930s – Scarborough (1915–1934), Tinside (1935), the Eastern Beach Reserve Geelong (1939) and the North Sydney pool (1936) – are described and compared in their past and present state. These seaside pools offered places for people to seek refuge within a setting which remains at once natural but also controlled and shaped, while also promoting the psychological and physiological benefits of open-air activities.In re-appraising the fate of the public swimming pool today, the article concludes by highlighting two successful contemporary examples, the Badeschiff in Berlin (2009) and the Copenhagen Harbour Bath (2003). We argue that these new pools have grown out of precedents found in the early twentieth century but have reinvigorated the type by offering new interpretations of designing with nature, and providing facilities more relevant to current leisure and environmental trends. Their success lends support to the need for careful documentation and conservation of earlier surviving exemplars.

scholarly journals Bacteriological and Physicochemical Assessment of Water Quality of the Public Swimming Pools in Klang Valley Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naim Rosli
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
National Standard ◽  
World Health ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Swimming Pools

Abstract Background: Water is essential for life and it is used for various activities such as drinking, bathing, and recreational purposes and also one of the modes of the transmission of the disease. Objective: The objective of this study to assess the present of bacteriological and the standard of physicochemical quality of swimming pools’ water in Lembah Klang, Malaysia. Methodology: Seven water sample collected from outdoor and indoor swimming pools (hotel, apartment and public swimming pool) in Lembah Klang, Malaysia. The water samples were collected in sterile bottles (30 ml). Physicochemical parameters were determined using water quality testing kit pH & chlorine apparatuses. The water sample than had cultured and incubated. The presence of bacteria was counted by total bacterial count method. Result: The ranges of mean values of the various chlorine level parameters of the selected water samples investigated for the apartment, hotel and municipal were, 0.56±1.01, 0.77±0.95 and 1.19±0.91. All the physicochemical parameters except conductivity values were within the permissible limits of the World Health Organization (WHO) standards 2006 and American National Standard for Water Quality in Public Pools and Spas (ANSI/APSP) 2015. The mean standard plate count of water samples from the selected apartment, hotel, and municipal’s swimming pools were, 28407.14±28469.05, 8192.86±10556.36 and 3257.14±6250.17which above the WHO Guideline limit, thus signifying contamination. Conclusion: The study recommends improvement in personal hygiene of swimmers, adequate cleansing of the pools and enforcement of standards by the government.

scholarly journals Application of Water Quality Index in Assessment of Swimming Pools Water Quality in Hotels in Emerging Africa Littoral Metropolis of Warri, Delta State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-107
Author(s):  
Obot Akpan IBANGA ◽  
◽  
Stephanie Emuobonuvie OHWO ◽  
Goodluck Mamuro OMONIGHO ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Swimming Pools

Swimming pools in guest houses and hotels in many cities in sub-Saharan Africa have been labelled ‘beautiful irritation’ or hazard zones for public health issues due to the unwholesomeness of water. Pollution in swimming pools is therefore, not uncommon and it is a serious public health issue both at the global, regional, national and local levels. This study focused on application of water quality index in assessment of swimming pools water quality in hotels in emerging Africa littoral metropolis of Warri, Delta State, Nigeria. It used stratified random sampling technique to select five hotels with swimming pool in Warri for assessment. Temperature, pH, turbidity, free (residual) chlorine, total heterotrophic bacteria, total heterotrophic fungi, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus tested in the laboratory using scientific method of sampling. Water quality index (WQI) was computed using Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI) to evaluate in general, the quality of water in each of the five sampled swimming pools. A five-point scale (excellent, good, poor, very poor and unsuitable) was used to rank each swimming pool quality. Result showed that Wellington Hotel had the value of 2.52 and considered excellent in terms of water quality index value. Also, Brook View and Best Western Plus Hotels were classified as good water based on water quality index values of 36.9 and 39.9 respectively while BB swimming pool was ranked poor due to water quality index of 51.4. In contrast, Oasis Place Hotel swimming pool was declared unsuitable for recreational purpose due to a water quality index of 102.1. The study recommended routine and periodic surveillance of swimming pools and other recreational water sources to guarantee optimum health and wellbeing of users.

scholarly journals Bacteriological and Physicochemical Assessment of Water Quality of the Public Swimming Pools in Klang Valley Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naim Rosli
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
National Standard ◽  
World Health ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Swimming Pools

Abstract Background: Water is essential for life and it been used for various activities such as drinking, bathing, and recreational purposes and also one of the modes of the transmission of the disease.Objective: The objective of this study to assess the presence of bacteriological and physicochemical quality of swimming pools’ water in Lembah Klang, Malaysia.Methodology: Seven water samples collected from outdoor and indoor swimming pools (hotel, apartment, and public swimming pool) in Lembah Klang, Malaysia. Water samples were collected in sterile bottles (30 ml). Physicochemical parameters were determined using water quality testing kit pH & chlorine apparatuses. The water sample was cultured and incubated. The presence of bacteria was counted by the total bacterial count method.Result: The ranges of mean values of the various chlorine level parameters of the selected water samples investigated for the apartment, hotel, and municipal were, 0.56±1.01, 0.77±0.95, and 1.19±0.91. All the physicochemical parameters except conductivity values were within the permissible limits of the World Health Organization (WHO) standards 2006 and American National Standard for Water Quality in Public Pools and Spas (ANSI/APSP) 2015. The mean, standard plate count of water samples from the selected apartment, hotel, and municipal’s swimming pools were, 28407.14±28469.05, 8192.86±10556.36, and 3257.14±6250.17which above the WHO Guideline limit, thus signifying contamination.Conclusion: The study recommends improvement in the personal hygiene of swimmers, adequate cleansing of the pools, and enforcement of standards by the government.

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