scholarly journals Application of Water Quality Index in Assessment of Swimming Pools Water Quality in Hotels in Emerging Africa Littoral Metropolis of Warri, Delta State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-107
Author(s):  
Obot Akpan IBANGA ◽  
◽  
Stephanie Emuobonuvie OHWO ◽  
Goodluck Mamuro OMONIGHO ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Swimming Pools

Swimming pools in guest houses and hotels in many cities in sub-Saharan Africa have been labelled ‘beautiful irritation’ or hazard zones for public health issues due to the unwholesomeness of water. Pollution in swimming pools is therefore, not uncommon and it is a serious public health issue both at the global, regional, national and local levels. This study focused on application of water quality index in assessment of swimming pools water quality in hotels in emerging Africa littoral metropolis of Warri, Delta State, Nigeria. It used stratified random sampling technique to select five hotels with swimming pool in Warri for assessment. Temperature, pH, turbidity, free (residual) chlorine, total heterotrophic bacteria, total heterotrophic fungi, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus tested in the laboratory using scientific method of sampling. Water quality index (WQI) was computed using Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI) to evaluate in general, the quality of water in each of the five sampled swimming pools. A five-point scale (excellent, good, poor, very poor and unsuitable) was used to rank each swimming pool quality. Result showed that Wellington Hotel had the value of 2.52 and considered excellent in terms of water quality index value. Also, Brook View and Best Western Plus Hotels were classified as good water based on water quality index values of 36.9 and 39.9 respectively while BB swimming pool was ranked poor due to water quality index of 51.4. In contrast, Oasis Place Hotel swimming pool was declared unsuitable for recreational purpose due to a water quality index of 102.1. The study recommended routine and periodic surveillance of swimming pools and other recreational water sources to guarantee optimum health and wellbeing of users.

scholarly journals An exploration of disinfection by-products formation and governing factors in chlorinated swimming pool water

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 861-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huma Ilyas ◽  
Ilyas Masih ◽  
Jan Peter van der Hoek
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Swimming Pool Water ◽  
By Products

Abstract This paper investigates disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation and their relationship with governing factors in chlorinated swimming pools. The study compares concentrations of DBPs with WHO guidelines for drinking water quality recommended to screen swimming pool water quality. The statistical analysis is based on a global database of 188 swimming pools accumulated from 42 peer-reviewed journal publications from 16 countries. The mean and standard deviation of dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid were estimated as 282 ± 437 and 326 ± 517 μg L−1, respectively, which most often surpassed the WHO guidelines. Similarly, more than half of the examined pools had higher values of chloral hydrate (102 ± 128 μg L−1). The concentration of total chloramines (650 ± 490 μg L−1) was well above the WHO guidelines in all reported cases. Nevertheless, the reported values remained below the guidelines for most of the studied pools in the case of total trihalomethanes (134 ± 160 μg L−1), dichloroacetonitrile (12 ± 12 μg L−1) and dibromoacetonitrile (8 ± 11 μg L−1). Total organic carbon, free residual chlorine, temperature, pH, total nitrogen and bromide ions play a pivotal role in DBPs formation processes. Therefore, proper management of these governing factors could significantly reduce DBPs formation, thereby, contributing towards a healthy swimming pool environment.

scholarly journals Development of a Water Quality Index (WQI) for public supply in the Vale do Rio Pardo region, RS, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Augusto Klamt ◽  
Eduardo Alexis Lobo ◽  
Adilson Ben da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Multivariate Calibration ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Public Supply ◽  
Apparent Color ◽  
Original Index

This research developed a Water Quality Index (WQI) for public supply in the Vale do Rio Pardo Region, RS, Brazil (WQI-VRP), from the database of the 13th Regional Health Coordination, totaling 1175 samples. A filtration process resulted in 285 samples with the variables free residual chlorine, turbidity, apparent color, pH, fluoride, total coliforms and Escherichia coli. For water consumption purposes, the Water Quality Index developed by the Sanitation Company of Goiás, Brazil, was used. A multivariate calibration of the weights of importance of the parameters included in the original index was performed, resulting in the WQI-VRP. Comparing the medians of the two indexes, it was found that there were significant differences (p<0.05), qualifying the WQI-VRP as more restrictive. The results indicated that 89.8% of the samples were classified as non-compliant samples by WQI-VRP, while 10.2% were classified as compliant samples. Of the 285 samples analyzed, 72 samples of chlorine, 12 of total coliform, 5 of E. coli, 2 of color, 200 of fluoride and 26 of pH, were below or above the minimum or maximum values required by Brazilian legislation. The pH and fluoride correspond to the critical variables of the study region, as they were the parameters that showed the greatest increases in relative weights when comparing the original index with the calibrated one. These results confirm the use of the WQI-VRP as an efficient tool to assess the quality of drinking water in Brazilian subtropical and temperate lotic systems.

scholarly journals KELIMPAHAN BAKTERI HETEROTROF DAN WATER QUALITY INDEX PADA KERAPATAN MANGROVE YANG BERBEDA DI DESA BEDONO, SAYUNG, DEMAK

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-221
Author(s):  
Silvia Silvia Grandies Alva W ◽  
Sutrisno Anggoro ◽  
Niniek Widyorini
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Total Plate Count ◽  
Heterotrophic Microorganisms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Physical And Chemical

ABSTRAK Serasah mangrove yang jatuh di lantai mangrove akan di dekomposisi oleh mikroorganisme heterotrof yang memiliki kemampuan mendegradasi serasah mangrove. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kerapatan mangrove, total bakteri heterotrof perairan pada beberapa kerapatan mangrove, Indeks Kualitas Air (IKA) serta hubungan kerapatan mangrove dengan total bakteri heterotrof dan Indeks Kualitas Air (IKA) perairan di Desa Bedono, Demak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif, dengan mengukur parameter pendukung yaitu parameter fisika dan kimia, dan melakukan perhitungan kelimpahan bakteri heterotrof menggunakan metode TPC (Total Plate Count). Hasil pengamatan menunjukan bahwa kelimpahan bakteri heterotrof tinggi berkisar antara (2.120-5.620) x 10-6 Cfu/ml pada saat pasang dan 760-4.840 x 10-6 Cfu/ml pada saat surut.. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kerapatan mangrove pada Desa Bedono berkisar antara 900-2.400 pohon/Ha; kelimpahan bakteri hetrotrof di Desa Bedono berkisar antara 760x 10-6 Cfu/ml – 5.620 x 10-6 Cfu/ml; Indeks Kualitas Air (IKA) yang didapatkan berkisar antara 33,1-46,93; terdapat hubungan yang berbanding lurus antara kelimpahan bakteri heterotrof dengan kerapatan mangrove, dan hubungan berbanding terbalik antara Indeks Kualitas Air (IKA), kelimpahan bakteri heterotrof dan kerapatan mangrove.                                                                                                                                          Kata Kunci: Bakteri Heterotrof, Kerapatan Mangrove, Desa Bedono, Indeks Kualitas Air ABSTRACT The mangrove litter that falls on the mangrove floor will be decomposed by heterotrophic microorganisms that have the ability to degrade the mangrove litter. This research is purposed to know the density of mangrove in Bedono, Demak; Looking for total heterotrophic bacteria in some mangrove densities in Bedono village, Demak; knowing Water Quality Index (IKA) in Bedono Village; know the relationship of mangrove density with total heterotrophic bacteria, and Water Quality Index (IKA) in Bedono Village, Demak.  This study uses a descriptive method, by measuring the supporting parameters of physical and chemical parameters, and calculating the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria using TPC (Total Plate Count) method. The observed results show the high abundance of heterotrophic bacteria ranging between (2.120-5.620) x 10-6 Cfu/ml at high tide and 760-4.840 x 10-6 Cfu/ml at low tide. Based on the results of the research can be concluded that the mangrove density in Bedono village ranged between 900-2.400 trees/Ha; The Water Quality Index (IKA) that occurs is between 33,1-46,93; There is a direct relationship between the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria with mangrove density, and the inverse relationship between the Water Quality Index (IKA), abundance of heterotrophic bacteria  and mangrove density.  Keywords: Heterotrophic Bacteria, Mangrove Density, Bedono Village, Water Quality Index

An innovative swimming pool water quality index (SPWQI) to monitor and evaluate the pools: design and compilation of computational model

2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Golbaz ◽  
Ramin Nabizadeh ◽  
Samaneh Zarinkolah ◽  
Amir Hossein Mahvi ◽  
Mahmood Alimohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Swimming Pool Water

scholarly journals Efficiency of Treatment Plant and Drinking Water Quality Assessment from Source to Household, Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Belay Desye ◽  
Biniam Belete ◽  
Zinabu Asfaw Gebrezgi ◽  
Tsegaye Terefe Reda
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Residual Chlorine

Introduction. Access to safe drinking water is essential to health, and it is a basic human right. However, drinking water treatment plant efficiency and its water quality are not well investigated in low-income countries including Ethiopia. Methods. A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 75 water samples. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 22 to generate descriptive statistics, and one-way ANOVA was used to test statistically significant difference. Results. Physicochemical qualities of the water samples from tap water sources were found to be pH (6.88 ± 0.05), turbidity (5.15 ± 0.006 NTU), electrical conductivity (170.6 ± 0.1 μS/cm), residual chlorine (0.19 ± 0.003 mg/L), and fluoride (1.17 ± 0.009 mg/L). The removal efficiency of turbidity, total hardness, and nitrate was found to be 94.4%, 52.3%, and 88.7%, respectively. Removal efficiency of the treatment plant for total coliforms up to 91.6% (15 ± 0.26 CFU/100 mL in tap water) and faecal coliforms up to 99% (1.51 ± 0.03 CFU/100 mL in tap water) was recorded. Parameters of pH, temperature, and faecal coliform were statistically significant different at p < 0.05 in tap water source. The overall efficiency of the treatment plant (68.5%) and the water quality index (76) were recorded. Conclusion. Based on the results, some of the investigated parameters of water quality (turbidity, residual chlorine, total coliform, and faecal coliform) were found to be not within the permissible limits of WHO guideline values for drinking water quality. The water quality index of the water samples was categorized under good water quality. To adequately treat drinking water and improve the treatment plant, adequate preliminary treatments like screening to reduce the incoming organic loading, proper chlorination of the drinking water system, and frequent monitoring and maintenance of the treatment plant system are required.

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