scholarly journals Environmental indicators combined with risk analysis to evaluate potential wildfire incidence on the Dadu Plateau in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Yuan Lin ◽  
Pei-Ying Shieh ◽  
Shao-Wei Wu ◽  
Po-Cheng Wang ◽  
Yung-Chau Chen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Ecological Disturbance ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Wildfire is a common disaster in the world, and it has a considerable impact on the safety of residents and ecological disturbance. Periodic wildfires are an urgent problem to be solved. This research uses big data from relevant departments to extract environmental indicators that affect wildfires, including satellite images, meteorological observations, and field surveys and establishes a risk model for the Spatio-temporal distribution of wildfires based on risk analysis. Previous studies using Differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) to assess fire severity and distinguish wildfire ruins did not deal with the impact of atmospheric humidity on dNBR values. In this study, an adjustable fire threshold was developed to enable dNBR to improve the accuracy of identifying wildfire locations. Regarding the temporal distribution of wildfire risks, environmental vulnerability cannot specifically reflect the frequency of actual wildfires. If the hazard degree is introduced to calculate the wildfire risk, the coefficient of determination can be increased from 0.49 to 0.79. The verification of the village boundary zone depicts that the risk analysis can effectively show the temporal and spatial distribution of wildfire hotspots. On this basis, a village-level wildfire disaster prevention strategy can be formulated.

scholarly journals Disasters: Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Dhankuta District, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 93-107
Author(s):  
Tika Ram Linkha
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Disaster Data ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

This paper attempts to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of disaster in Dhanktua district, Nepal. It provides information regarding when and where the disasters have mostly occurred in Dhankuta. Disaster can occur at any time at anywhere although every disaster has a temporal and spatial dimension which helps to predict the future events In this context, this paper provides the history and trend of disasters in Dhankuta. This paper is based on mostly secondary data extracted from the Ministry of Home Affairs, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Portal. To analyze this, mostly descriptive methods has been applied where the quantitative method also applied for the reflection of disaster data. Fire, landslide, heavy rainfall and thunderbolt were the major disasters that frequently occurred in this district during 2017-2019. It is found that fire incidents were frequently occurred in the month of March, the landslide in July, heavy rainfall in July and thunderbolt in April. It is interesting that, those years where the incidents of fire were higher the incidents of the landslide were low and vice versa and there is a positive relationship between landslide and heavy rainfall. This study will important to local levels and relevant agencies for disaster preparedness because the impact of the disaster is based on the level of preparedness. This analysis is based on limited data which covered 10 March 2017 to 31 December 2019. This study provides a new perspective in the field of disaster where temporal and spatial dimensions are considered.

scholarly journals On the Effect of Red Sea and Topography on Rainfall over Saudi Arabia: Case Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Al-Mutairi ◽  
Abdel Basset ◽  
Morsy ◽  
Abdeldym
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Sensitivity Experiment ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

This paper aimed to investigate the impact of Red Sea topography and water on the development and rainfall of a case of cyclogenesis occurs over Saudi Arabia during the period 16–18 November 2015 using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The WRF Control Run (WRF-CR) experiment was performed with presence of actual topography and surface water of the Red Sea, while the other three sensitivity experiments were carried out without (i) Red Sea Topography (NRST), (ii) Red Sea Water (NRSW), and (iii) Red Sea Topography and Water (NRSTW). The simulated rainfall in the control experiment depicts in well agreement with Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) rainfall estimates in terms of intensity as well as spatio-temporal distribution. Results demonstrate that rainfall intensity and spatio-temporal distribution significantly changes through each sensitivity experiment compared to the WRF-CR, where the significant variation was found in the NRST experiment. The absence of topography (NRST) leads to formation of strong convergence area over the middle of Red Sea which enhanced uplift motion that further strengthened the low-level jet over Red Sea and the surrounding regions, which enhanced the moisture and temperature gradient and created a conditionally unstable atmosphere that favored the development of the cyclonic system. The absence of Red Sea water (NRSW) changed rainfall spatial distribution and reduced its amount by about 30–40% due to affecting of the dynamics of the upward motion and moisture gradient, suggesting that surface fluxes play an important role in regulating the low-level moist air convergence prior to convection initiation and development.

Effect of Periodic Voluntary Interventions on Trapezius Activation and Fatigue During Light Upper Limb Activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872082110507
Author(s):  
Dongwon Kim ◽  
Corine Nicoletti ◽  
Subaryani D. H. Soedirdjo ◽  
Raziyeh Baghi ◽  
Maria-Gabriela Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Computer Work ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Intervention Activity ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Voluntary Contractions ◽  
The Impact

Objective The effects of diverse periodic interventions on trapezius muscle fatigue and activity during a full day of computer work were investigated. Background Musculoskeletal disorders, including trapezius myalgia, may be associated with repeated exposure to prolonged low-level activity, even during light upper-extremity tasks including computer work. Methods Thirty healthy adults participated in a study that simulated two 6-hour workdays of computer work. One workday involved imposed periodic passive and active interventions aimed at disrupting trapezius contraction monotony (Intervention day), whereas the other workday did not (Control day). Trapezius muscle activity was quantified by the 3-dimensional acceleration of the jolt movement of the acromion produced by electrically induced muscle twitches. The spatio-temporal distribution of trapezius activity was measured through high-density surface electromyography (HD-EMG). Results The twitch acceleration magnitude in one direction was significantly different across measurement periods ( p = 0.0156) on Control day, whereas no significant differences in any direction were observed ( p > 0.05) on Intervention day. The HD-EMG from Intervention day showed that only significant voluntary muscle contractions (swing arms, Jacobson maneuver) induced a decrease in the muscle activation time and an increase in the spatial muscle activation areas ( p < 0.01). Conclusion Disruption of trapezius monotonous activity via brief voluntary contractions effectively modified the ensuing contraction pattern (twitch acceleration along one axis, active epochs reduction, and larger spatial distribution). The observed changes support an associated reduction of muscle fatigue. Application This study suggests that disruptive intervention activity is efficient in reducing the impact of trapezius muscle fatigue.

Snow Cover Dynamics and its Spatio-Temporal Distribution in the Central Higher Himalaya of India

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Masoom Reza ◽  
Ramesh Chandra Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Melting Rate ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Snow Cover Area ◽  
Central Himalayas ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

Retreating glaciers, changing timber line and decreasing accumulation of snow in the Himalaya are considered the indicators of climate change. In this study, an attempt is made to observe the snow cover change in the higher reaches of the Central Himalayas. Investigation of climate change through snow cover is very important to understand the impact and adaptation in an area. Landsat thematic and multi spectral optical data with a spatial resolution of 60m and 30m are considered for the estimation and extraction of snow cover. Total 3,369 Km2 snow cover area is lost since 1972 out of total geographical area i.e. 17,227 Km2. The accumulation of snow during winter is lower than the melting rate during summer. The current study identified the decrease of 19.6 % snow cover in 47 years since 1972 to 2019. Composite satellite imageries of September to December show that the major part of the study area covered with snow lies above 3600m. Overall observation indicates that in 47 years, permanent snow cover is decreasing in Central Himalayas.

scholarly journals Moisture recycling over the Iberian Peninsula. The impact of 3DVAR data assimilation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santos J. González-Rojí ◽  
Jon Sáenz ◽  
Javier Díaz de Argandoña ◽  
Gabriel Ibarra-Berastegi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Moisture Recycling ◽  
Weather Observations ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;The moisture recycling is defined as the fraction of precipitation over a delimited region that comes from the evaporation over that region. Its importance lies in the fact that it is an approximated measurement of a regional feedback between the atmosphere and the surface. Thus, this study estimates the spatio-temporal distribution of moisture recycling over the Iberian Peninsula (IP), and focuses on the impact of the use of 3DVAR data assimilation during the modeling stage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For that purpose, two different simulations were run using the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model with a horizontal resolution of 15 km over the IP. The first simulation (WRF N) was nested inside ERA-Interim as usual in numerical downscaling exercises, with information passed to the domain through the boundaries. The second run (WRF D) presents the same configuration as WRF N, but it also includes 3DVAR data assimilation step every six hours (at 00, 06, 12 and 18 UTC). Sea surface temperature was updated daily, and observations in PREPBUFR format included in the NCEP ADP Global Upper Air and Surface Weather Observations dataset were used for the data assimilation step. Only those inside a 120-minute window centered at the analysis times were assimilated. Both simulations cover the period 2010-2014, but the experiment WRF D was extended later until 2018.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The lowest values of moisture recycling (around 3 %) are obtained from November to February, while the most remarkable values are observed in spring (around 16 %) in both simulations. The moisture recycling is confined to the southeastern corner of the IP during winter. However, during spring and summer, a gradient of higher values towards the northeastern corner of the IP are observed in both simulations. The differences between simulations, associated to the dryness of the soil in the model, are highlighted during summer and autumn. WRF D presents a lower bias and produces more reliable results because of a better representation of the atmospheric moisture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A Cross-Correlation Function (CCF) based analysis was performed for each combination of moisture recycling, accumulated precipitation and mean soil moisture over the IP. For the common period (2010-2014), the results show that the WRF D experiment extends the lifespan of moisture over the IP. The CCF analysis for soil moisture against precipitation also shows an unphysical negative lag (-1 month) for WRF N, whilst for WRF D both variables are simultaneous. For the extended WRF D simulation (2010-2018), it was found that the delay between precipitation and moisture recycling over the IP is five months.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of SO2 across Weifang from 2008 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12206
Author(s):  
Lining Zhu ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Zheng Wu ◽  
Chengcheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Direction ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
So2 Pollution

China has achieved good results in SO2 pollution control, but SO2 pollution still exists in some areas. Analyzing the spatio-temporal distribution of SO2 is critical for regional SO2 pollution prevention and control. Compared with existing air pollution studies that paid more attention to PM2.5, NO2 and O3, and focused on the macro scale, this study took the small-scale Weifang city as the research area, analyzed the temporal and spatial changes in SO2, discussed the migration trajectory of SO2 pollution and explored the impact of wind on SO2 pollution. The results show that the average annual concentration of SO2 in Weifang has exhibited a downward trend in the past 13 years, showing the basic characteristics of “highest in winter, lowest in summer and slightly higher in spring and autumn”, “highest on Sunday, lowest on Thursday and gradually decreasing from Monday to Thursday” and “highest at 9 a.m., lowest at 4 p.m. and gradually increasing from midnight to 9 a.m.”. SO2 concentration showed obvious spatial heterogeneity: higher in the north and lower in the south. In addition, Shouguang, Changyi and Gaomi were seriously polluted. The SO2 pollution shifted from south to northeast. The clean wind direction (southeast wind and northeast wind) of Weifang city accounted for about 41%, and the pollution wind direction (northwest wind and west wind) accounted for about 7%. Drawing from the multi-scale analysis, vegetation, precipitation, temperature, transport situation and human activity were the most relevant factors. Limited to data collection, more quantitative research is needed to gain insight into the influence mechanism in the future.

scholarly journals An Analysis Applying InSAR of Subsidence Caused by Nearby Mining-Induced Earthquakes

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Hejmanowski ◽  
Agnieszka A. Malinowska ◽  
Wojciech T. Witkowski ◽  
Artur Guzy
Keyword(s):  
Surface Displacement ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Induced Earthquakes ◽  
Ground Movements ◽  
Subsidence Analysis ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ground Displacements

Earthquake occurrence is usually unpredictable apart from sites in the vicinity of volcanoes. It is not easy to measure displacements caused by seismic phenomena using classical geodetic methods, which are based on point survey. Therefore, the surveying of ground movements caused by seismic events should be carried out continuously. Nowadays, remote sensing data and InSAR are often applied to monitor ground displacements in areas affected by seismicity. The effects of severe nearby mining-induced earthquakes have been discussed in the paper. The earthquakes occurred in 2017 and had a magnitude of 4.7 and 4.8. The distance between the epicenters of the mining-induced earthquakes was around 1.6 km. The aim of the investigation has been to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution of ground movements caused by the two tremors using the InSAR technique. Superposition of surface displacement has been studied in time and space. The main scientific aim has been to prove that in the areas where high-energy tremors occur, ground movements overlap. Due to proximity between the epicenters, the mining-induced earthquakes caused the formation of a large subsidence trough with the dimension of approximately 1.2 km × 4.2 km and total subsidence of ca. 116 mm. Two-time phases of subsidence were determined with temporal overlapping. The subsidence analysis has enhanced the cognition of the impact of mining-induced seismicity on the kinematics of surface changes. Moreover, the present work supports the thesis that InSAR is a valuable and adequately accurate technique to monitor ground displacements caused by mining induced earthquakes.

Research on Electronic Technology in Risk Analysis of Power System Based on Electronic Materials and Geomagnetic Storm Scene Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 908 ◽  
pp. 559-562
Author(s):  
Wei Li Wu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Power System ◽  
Geomagnetic Storm ◽  
Electronic Materials ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Electronic Technology ◽  
Standard Case ◽  
The Impact

Power system storm disaster risk assessment need to simulate the storm scene, the storm induced electric field is one of the key places. Spatial and temporal distribution model of electronic technology is proposed to establish an electric field and magnetic storms inductively for 7-9 November 2004 geomagnetic storm scenario simulated observational data, and integration with the power system, as an application of the GIC were considered the standard case model risk analysis system running under the impact of the storm. Numerical results show that the electronic materials model can effectively simulate the storm scene and can easily be combined with the power system parameters.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal Distribution of Tuberculosis and the Effects of Geographical Environmental Factors in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Li ◽  
Miao Ge ◽  
Mingxin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
World Health ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background: Although the World Health Organization reports that the incidence of tuberculosis in China is decreasing year by year, the burden of tuberculosis in China is still very heavy. Understanding the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of tuberculosis in China and its influencing factors will provide effective reference for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.Methods: Data of TB incidence from 2005 to 2017 were collected. Time series and global spatial autocorrelation were used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution pattern of tuberculosis incidence in China, and a new method Geodetector was used to analyze the geographic environmental factors affecting the TB incidence.Results: In addition to 2007 and 2008, the TB incidence decreased in general. TB has a strong spatial aggregation, and the western part of China is the high-value aggregation area of TB incidence. Socio-economic factors fail to pass the significance test. Meteorological factors and air pollution have also been proved to be related to the TB incidence. The interaction between these factors has produced mutually reinforcing effects.Conclusion: The spatial and temporal distribution pattern of tuberculosis in China and the factors affecting its geographical environment are studied in order to provide reference for the formulation of tuberculosis prevention and control policies and increase investment.

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