scholarly journals Feline Herpesvirus Infection of Snow Leopard

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoxing Wu ◽  
Hongchao Wu ◽  
Shunfu He ◽  
Yuxiu Liu ◽  
Yalei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Snow Leopard ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
First Case ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Feline Herpesvirus ◽  
Wild Felid ◽  
Snow Leopards

Abstract Feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) is a common causative agent of domestic cats rhinotracheitis and gradually threatens the wild felid worldwide. The endangered snow leopard belongs to the family Felidae and is also the top predator on the Tibetan Plateau. Herein, FHV-1 was identified and isolated from three dead snow leopards with symptom of sneezing and rhinorrhea. To explore the relationship between FHV-1 and their death, histopathology and molecular biology was performed. The organs and nasal swabs were collected for examinations of histopathology, the nucleic acid of the pathogen, viral isolation, and sequence analysis. The results reveal that all three snow leopards were infected with FHV-1. The first case primarily died of old cerebral infarction and secondary non-suppurative meningoencephalitis probably caused by FHV-1. The second case mainly died of renal failure accompanied by interstitial pneumonia caused by FHV-1. The third case was doubted to be related to the reactivation of latency of FHV-1. The gD and gE gene sequence alignment of the FHV-1 isolate strain revealed that the isolated strain originated from a domestic cat. Therefore, FHV-1 infection can cause different lesions of snow leopards and shows a high risk for the wild felid. We should focus more on protecting felid against threatening of FHV-1 infection originating from domestic cats.

scholarly journals Full Viral Genome Sequencing and Phylogenomic Analysis of Feline Herpesvirus Type 1 (FHV-1) in Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2307
Author(s):  
Morgan E. Marino ◽  
Melanie A. Mironovich ◽  
Nikole E. Ineck ◽  
Scott B. Citino ◽  
Jessica A. Emerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Acinonyx Jubatus ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Feline Herpesvirus ◽  
Feline Herpesvirus Type 1

Feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) is endemic in captive cheetahs and sporadically causes devastating disease. Modified live vaccines (MLV), intended for use in domestic cats, are used in some captive cheetah populations and have been anecdotally linked to disease in certain subpopulations. Ten FHV-1 isolates from ten captive cheetahs and one isolate from an MLV used to inoculate four of the host animals were analyzed. Viral DNA was extracted for full-genome sequencing by Illumina MiSeq with viral genomes then used for phylogenomic and recombinational analyses. The FHV-1 shed by vaccinated cheetahs were almost identical to the MLV, with few variants among viral genomes. Eight cheetah FHV-1 isolates and the MLV were grouped in a clade along with FHV-1 isolates from domestic cats in the USA. The remaining two cheetah FHV-1 isolates (unknown host vaccine status) were not associated with a clade. The likely ancestral origin of these two isolates involves recombination events between Australian domestic cat and cheetah FHV-1 isolates. Collectively, these data suggest that the MLV is capable of causing clinical disease and viral shedding in some cheetahs and represents evidence of interspecies transmission of virus between domestic and wild cats.

scholarly journals The status of snow leopards Panthera uncia, and high altitude use by common leopards P. pardus, in north-west Yunnan, China

Oryx ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Buzzard ◽  
Xueyou Li ◽  
William V. Bleisch
Keyword(s):  
Species Conservation ◽  
Snow Leopard ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
West China ◽  
North West ◽  
Potential Habitat ◽  
South West ◽  
The Status ◽  
Snow Leopards ◽  
Panthera Uncia

AbstractThe Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia is a flagship species of mountainous Asia and a conservation priority. China is the most important country for the species’ conservation because it has the most potential habitat and the largest population of snow leopards. North-west Yunnan province in south-west China is at the edge of the snow leopard's range, and a biodiversity hotspot, where three major Asian rivers, the Yangtze, Mekong and Salween, flow off the Tibetan plateau and cut deep valleys through the Hengduan Mountains. The snow leopard's status in north-west Yunnan is uncertain. We conducted interviews and camera-trapping surveys to assess the species’ status at multiple sites: two east of the Yangtze River and two between the Yangtze and Mekong Rivers. Thirty-eight herders/nature reserve officials interviewed claimed that snow leopards were present, but in 6,300 camera-trap days we did not obtain any photographs of snow leopards, so if the species is present, it is rare. However, we obtained many photographs of potential prey, such as blue sheep Pseudois nayaur, as well as photographs of common leopards Panthera pardus, at high elevations (3,000–4,500 m). More study is necessary in Yunnan and other areas of south-west China to investigate the status and resource overlap of snow leopards and common leopards, especially as climate change is resulting in increases in common leopard habitat and decreases in snow leopard habitat.

scholarly journals Feline herpesvirus infection in a group of semi-captive cheetahs : case report

1999 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Van Vuuren ◽  
T. Goosen ◽  
P. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Herpesvirus Infection ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Feline Herpesvirus ◽  
Wild Felid ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Felid Species

Clinical disease caused by feline herpesvirus type-1 in wild felid species is similar to that in domestic cats. Herpesviruses are endemic in free-ranging lions in South Africa but actual clinical disease due to them has not been reported in free-ranging felids. The first reports of feline herpesvirus infection associated with clinical disease in wild felids came fromAustralia and the USA in 1970. Subsequent reports of clinical disease in cheetahs and other wild felid species were limited to captive animals. This report deals with clinical disease in a group of semi-captive cheetahs in which 18 animals were affected, and included 12 adult males, 4 adult females and 2 subadults. No mortalities occurred in this group, the most common clinical signs being sneezing, nasal discharge and loss of appetite.

Do prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) change their activity and space use in response to domestic cat (Felis catus) excreta?

Mammalia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Keane ◽  
Phillip J. Long ◽  
Yasmeen Fleifil ◽  
Nancy G. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Space Use ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Microtus Ochrogaster ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Prairie Voles ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Odor Cues ◽  
Risk Of Predation

AbstractBehavioral changes that reduce the risk of predation in response to predator-derived odor cues are widespread among mammalian taxa and have received a great deal of attention. Although voles of the genus Microtus are staples in the diet of many mammalian predators, including domestic cats (Felis catus), there are no previous studies on vole space utilization and activity levels in response to odor cues from domestic cats. Therefore, the objective of our study was to investigate responses of adult prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) living in semi-natural habitats to odor cues from domestic cat excreta. Contrary to expectations, neither adult males or females showed significant changes in space use or willingness to enter traps in response to cat odors. One hypothesis to explain our results are that prairie voles have not co-evolved with domestic cats long enough to respond to their odors. Other possible explanations include whether levels of odors in the environment were sufficient to trigger a response or that the perceived risk of predation from odor cues alone did not outweigh relative costs of changing space use and activity levels. Future studies should consider multiple factors when determining what cues are sufficient to elicit antipredatory behavior.

scholarly journals Conservation of snow leopards: spill-over benefits for other carnivores?

Oryx ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine S. Alexander ◽  
Jeremy J. Cusack ◽  
Chen Pengju ◽  
Shi Kun ◽  
Philip Riordan
Keyword(s):  
Red Fox ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Snow Leopard ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Eurasian Lynx ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Cuon Alpinus ◽  
Sign Surveys ◽  
Snow Leopards

AbstractIn high-altitude settings of Central Asia the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia has been recognized as a potential umbrella species. As a first step in assessing the potential benefits of snow leopard conservation for other carnivores, we sought a better understanding of the presence of other carnivores in areas occupied by snow leopards in China's Qilianshan National Nature Reserve. We used camera-trap and sign surveys to examine whether other carnivores were using the same travel routes as snow leopards at two spatial scales. We also considered temporal interactions between species. Our results confirm that other carnivores, including the red fox Vulpes vulpes, grey wolf Canis lupus, Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx and dhole Cuon alpinus, occur along snow leopard travel routes, albeit with low detection rates. Even at the smaller scale of our camera trap survey all five carnivores (snow leopard, lynx, wolf, red fox and dhole) were observed. Kernel density estimates suggested a high degree of temporal overlap between the snow leopard and the fox, and the snow leopard and the lynx, as indicated by high overlap coefficient estimates. There is an opportunity to consider protective measures at the local scale that would benefit various species simultaneously. However, it should also be recognized that snow leopard conservation efforts could exacerbate human–wildlife conflicts through their protective effect on other carnivore species.

scholarly journals Experimental Infection of Two Dogs with a Canine Isolate of Feline Herpesvirus Type 1

1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Kramer ◽  
J. F. Evermann ◽  
C. W. Leathers ◽  
A. J. McKeirnan ◽  
L. Rashti
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Feline Herpesvirus ◽  
Feline Herpesvirus Type 1

Effect of a live attenuated intranasal vaccine on latency and shedding of feline herpesvirus 1 in domestic cats

1997 ◽  
Vol 142 (12) ◽  
pp. 2389-2400 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Weigler ◽  
J. S. Guy ◽  
M. P. Nasisse ◽  
S. I. Hancock ◽  
B. Sherry
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Feline Herpesvirus ◽  
Intranasal Vaccine ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

Heterogeneity of feline herpesvirus type 1 strains

1992 ◽  
Vol 126 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Horimoto ◽  
J. A. Limcumpao ◽  
X. Xuan ◽  
M. Ono ◽  
K. Maeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Feline Herpesvirus ◽  
Feline Herpesvirus Type 1

Testicular effects of a postnatal GnRH antagonist in domestic cats

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gnrh Antagonist ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Cellular Debris ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Luminal Area ◽  
Germinal Cells

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the histological effects of two high postnatal doses of the potent third-generation GnRH antagonist, acyline in the domestic cat testicle. Secondly, the physical, endocrine, and steroidogenic findings of this pharmaceutical protocol are also reported. Twelve postnatal littermate male kittens were administered acyline in a dose of 2.2 mg/100 g SC weekly for 2 weeks (ACY; n = 6), or placebo (PL; n = 6). All the animals were followed up until puberty when they were castrated. Serial faecal samples were collected until the age of 10 weeks for testosterone (T) measurement. The kittens achieved puberty without either age (236.5 ± 19.7 vs. 221.7 ± 23.7 days) or body weight (3.05 ± 0.15 vs. 2.78 ± 0.28 kg, P > 0.05) differences between ACY and PL, respectively. Acyline suppressed faecal T concentrations for 3 weeks (P < 0.01). From the fourth week on, both groups had low concentrations up to the end of the follow-up period (P > 0.05). Histological assessment of the testes showed that ACY cats presented a reduced height of the epithelium (P < 0.01) due to the diminished number of germinal cells accompanied by an enlarged luminal area (P < 0.01) with cellular debris (P < 0.01). The immunostaining of P450c17 also appeared partially diminished in ACY testes.

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