scholarly journals Long-Range White Matter Microstructural Alterations in Drug-Naive Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Tract-Based Spatial Statistics Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghui Zhou ◽  
Peng Dong ◽  
Shuangli Chen ◽  
Andan Qian ◽  
Jiejie Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Spatial Statistics ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Microstructural changes might underlie white matter (WM) pathology in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To investigate WM alterations, particularly the changes in long-range fibers, in drug-naive children with ADHD, we conducted tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data. Materials and Methods In this study, 57 children with ADHD and 41 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. None of the enrolled ADHD children received any medication before data collection. The difference in fractional anisotropy (FA), and in mean (MD), axial (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) between both groups were calculated using TBSS. WM changes were then correlated with clinical symptoms, including the hyperactivity index score and the impulsivity score. Results Whole-skeleton analysis identified several long-range fibers of decreased FA and increased RD in the ADHD group as compared to the HC group. ADHD children demonstrated decreased FA in the right corpus callosum (CC) splenium, left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and intersection of the anterior and posterior internal capsule. Moreover, higher RD was observed in the right CC splenium, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and posterior corona radiata. No regions of increased FA or reduced RD were observed, and no differences in MD or AD were noted. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that microstructural WM alterations and changes in the long-range WM connections are present in children with ADHD. We speculate that these changes may relate to the symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity.

scholarly journals Method of Parents in the Development of Child Prayers Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (Case Study of ADHD Children in Kulam Kemukiman Syamtarail Village, North Aceh)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-290
Author(s):  
Muhajir ◽  
Zahrul Mubarrak ◽  
Amiruddin ◽  
Khaidir ◽  
Fazil Saputra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Family ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Model Technique

Concentration disorders accompanied by hyperactivity in children with ADHD are conditions that show symptoms of lack concentration, hyperactivity and impulsiveness that causes an imbalance of most of their life activities. This makes parents have difficulty in providing prayer guidance to children who have ADHD. Starting from this problem, the researcher tries to make a scientific about Parents' Method in the Development of Child Prayers Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (Case Study of ADHD Children in Kulam Kemukiman Syamtarail Village, North Aceh)." This study was conducted to describe the method parents in providing prayer services to children with ADHD in  Kulam Kemukiman Syamtarail Village, North Aceh. This thesis research method uses the case study method which is a study that tries to examine individuals or a unit in depth with a qualitative approach. In collecting data researchers conducted observations and direct interviews within formants who have been used as samples, as well as documentation. While the analysis of data through observations in this thesis uses a theme analysis model technique where all data after being collected will be processed one by one. The results showed that ADHD children's prayer guidance involved all family members, namely the father, mother, siblings and cousins ​​of ADHD children. As for the methods carried out by the family in the guidance of prayers in children with ADHD can be concluded as follows:1. Intelegently; 2. Be haviour; 3. By monitoring.

Differential effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on intrinsic brain activity in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (15) ◽  
pp. 3173-3185 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Shang ◽  
C. G. Yan ◽  
H. Y. Lin ◽  
W. Y. Tseng ◽  
F. X. Castellanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Intrinsic Brain Activity

BackgroundMethylphenidate and atomoxetine are commonly prescribed for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, their therapeutic neural mechanisms remain unclear.MethodAfter baseline evaluation including cognitive testing of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), drug-naive children with ADHD (n = 46), aged 7–17 years, were randomly assigned to a 12-week treatment with methylphenidate (n = 22) or atomoxetine (n = 24). Intrinsic brain activity, including the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo), was quantified via resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and week 12.ResultsReductions in inattentive symptoms were related to increased fALFF in the left superior temporal gyrus and left inferior parietal lobule for ADHD children treated with methylphenidate, and in the left lingual gyrus and left inferior occipital gyrus for ADHD children treated with atomoxetine. Hyperactivity/impulsivity symptom reductions were differentially related to increased fALFF in the methylphenidate group and to decreased fALFF in the atomoxetine group in bilateral precentral and postcentral gyri. Prediction analyses in the atomoxetine group revealed negative correlations between pre-treatment CANTAB simple reaction time and fALFF change in the left lingual gyrus and left inferior occipital gyrus, and positive correlations between pre-treatment CANTAB simple movement time and fALFF change in bilateral precentral and postcentral gyri and left precuneus, with a negative correlation between movement time and the fALFF change in the left lingual gyrus and the inferior occipital gyrus.ConclusionsOur findings suggest differential neurophysiological mechanisms for the treatment effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine in children with ADHD.

scholarly journals THE CORRELATION OF PARENTING STYLE WITH COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-278
Author(s):  
Dwi Fitri Genisti ◽  
Ni Komang Sukra Andini ◽  
Ni Luh Gede Puspita Yanti
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Learning Disorders ◽  
P Value ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Adhd Children

Background: Child development is a very important phase, which children learn various skills as future generations in the future. Disorders that can impede child development process of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Children with ADHD have problems with cognitive abilities, of which about 20-60% of them have learning disorders. The efforts to support cognitive development in ADHD children is to approach the child's environment through parenting parents. Objective: This study aimed to determine the correlation of parenting style with cognitive development in the children with ADHD in SLB Negeri 1 Denpasar. Methods: This study used correlational design with cross sectional approach. The sample size of 30 respondents were taken by purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using parenting style questionnaire (PSQ) and the average value of odd semester report of 2016/2017 academic year. Results:  The result of this research was found that most parents with democratic parenting type were 19 people (63.3%), authoritarian parenting type were 7 people (23.3%) and permissive parenting were 4 people (13.3%). The result of contingency coefficient test with p-value = 0.039 (p <0.05) and correlation value of 0.501, which mean there was high correlation between parenting style with cognitive development in children with ADHD. Conclusion: It is suggested for parents with ADHD children to be able to provide good parenting for the child's development, especially for the child's cognitive development.

scholarly journals The incidence of dysgraphia in Arabic language in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Salah Lotfy ◽  
Mohammed El Sayed Darwish ◽  
Ehab Sayed Ramadan ◽  
Rania Makram Sidhom
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Finger Tapping ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Spelling Errors ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Adhd Children

Abstract Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a brain disorder marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. Although children with ADHD made much more spelling errors, they had a distinct pattern of letter insertions, replacements, transpositions, and omissions. This mistake type is sometimes referred to as graphemic buffer errors, and it is caused by a lack of attention required for motor planning. The aim of study was to assess the incidence of dysgraphia in Arabic language in children with ADHD for better helping, diagnosis and management of those children. Results Ten percent of ADHD children had normal handwriting with no disability, 40% had excellent handwriting with a minimum of disability and 50% of ADHD children showed mild to moderate disability. There were significant differences between ADHD children and control children regarding results of each item on the subtest of handwriting of dysgraphia disability scale (DDS), respecting lines, spacing between words, letter direction, spelling a sentence, and punctuation. Drawing affected in ADHD children. The finger tapping speed was affected in almost ADHD children. Conclusions Dysgraphia highly presents in our sample of ADHD children with poor fine motor skills in ADHD children than normal children. ADHD children have illegible handwriting, not respecting lines, insufficient space between and within words, multiple spelling errors, and omissions of letters or words. Graphesthesia and stereognosis are affected more in ADHD children than in control children drawing and finger tapping speed affected in ADHD children.

scholarly journals White matter microstructure in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic tractography study in 654 individuals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christienne G. Damatac ◽  
Roselyne J. M. Chauvin ◽  
Marcel P. Zwiers ◽  
Daan van Rooij ◽  
Sophie E. A. Akkermans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Probabilistic Tractography ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Right ◽  
Clinical Measures ◽  
Symptom Measures

AbstractBackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by age-inappropriate levels of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity (HI). ADHD has been related to differences in white matter (WM) microstructure. However, much remains unclear regarding the nature of these WM differences, and which clinical aspects of ADHD they reflect. We systematically investigated if FA is associated with current and/or lifetime categorical diagnosis, impairment in daily life, and continuous ADHD symptom measures.MethodsDiffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data were obtained from 654 participants (322 unaffected, 258 affected, 74 subthreshold; 7-29 years of age). We applied automated global probabilistic tractography on 18 major WM pathways. Linear mixed effects regression models were used to examine associations of clinical measures with overall brain and tract-specific fractional anisotropy (FA).ResultsThere were significant interactions of tract with all ADHD variables on FA. There were no significant associations of FA with current or lifetime diagnosis, nor with impairment. Lower FA in the right cingulum’s angular bundle (rCAB) was associated with higher hyperactivity/impulsivity symptom severity (PFWE=0.045). There were no significant effects for other tracts.ConclusionsThis is the first time global probabilistic tractography has been applied to an ADHD dataset of this size. We found no evidence for altered FA in association with ADHD diagnosis. Our findings indicate that associations of FA with ADHD are not uniformly distributed across WM tracts. Continuous symptom measures of ADHD may be more sensitive to FA than diagnostic categories. The rCAB in particular may play a role in symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity.

scholarly journals Exploring white matter functional networks in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Bu ◽  
Kaili Liang ◽  
Qingxia Lin ◽  
Yingxue Gao ◽  
Andan Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Attention Networks ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Drug Naïve

Abstract Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has been identified to involve the impairment of large-scale functional networks within grey matter, and recent studies have suggested that white matter, which also encodes neural activity, can manifest intrinsic functional organization similar to that of grey matter. However, the alterations in white matter functional networks in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder remain unknown. We recruited a total of 99 children, including 66 drug-naive patients and 33 typically developing controls aged from 6 to 14, to characterize the alterations in functional networks within white matter in drug-naive children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Using clustering analysis, resting-state functional MRI data in the white matter were parsed into different networks. Intrinsic activity within each network and connectivity between networks and the associations between network activity strength and clinical symptoms were assessed. We identified eight distinct white matter functional networks: the default mode network, the somatomotor network, the dorsal attention network, the ventral attention network, the visual network, the deep frontoparietal network, the deep frontal network and the inferior corticospinal-posterior cerebellum network. The default mode, somatomotor, dorsal attention and ventral attention networks showed lower spontaneous neural activity in patients. In particular, the default mode network and the somatomotor network largely showed higher connectivity with other networks, which correlated with more severe hyperactive behaviour, while the dorsal and ventral attention networks mainly had lower connectivity with other networks, which correlated with poor attention performance. In conclusion, there are two distinct patterns of white matter functional networks in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, with one being the hyperactivity-related hot networks including default mode network and somatomotor network and the other being inattention-related cold networks including dorsal attention and ventral attention network. These results extended upon our understanding of brain functional networks in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from the perspective of white matter dysfunction.

scholarly journals Study of white matter integrity in fathers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba H. ElShahawi ◽  
Safeya M. Effat ◽  
Eman M. Shorab ◽  
Hossam M. Sakr ◽  
Safaa E. Azab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Corona Radiata ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder that can extend into adulthood with multiple reported neuroimaging abnormalities. The focus of this research was to assess white matter impairments in ADHD children’s fathers with and without potential adult ADHD to see if these differences are connected with the persistence of ADHD into adulthood. Results The occurrence rate of the potential adult ADHD diagnosis among fathers of children with ADHD was 60%. There were statistically significant differences between fathers with ADHD and the non-ADHD population, due to the fact that the mean FA of the left superior corona radiata and the right posterior corona radiata were lower in the ADHD group than in the non-ADHD group, while the FA of the ADHD group was significantly greater than that of the non-ADHD group in terms of the left and right anterior thalamic radiations, the right superior longitudinal fasciculus and the left anterior corona radiata. Conclusions We observed an increased prevalence of ADHD in fathers of children diagnosed with ADHD. Fathers with potential adult ADHD have a variety of white matter abnormalities that reflect the neurobiological basis of ADHD, even in sub-threshold cases. This may provide insight into the neuroanatomical locations associated with the maintenance of ADHD throughout adulthood.

scholarly journals Cool and hot executive functions in medication-naive attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2593-2602 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.-R. Yang ◽  
R. C. K. Chan ◽  
N. Gracia ◽  
X.-Y. Cao ◽  
X.-B. Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Family History ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Delay Aversion ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
History Of

BackgroundThis study aimed to compare ‘cool’ [working memory (WM) and response inhibition] and ‘hot’ (delay aversion) executive functions (EFs) in children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodA total of 100 ADHD children (45 with family history of ADHD and 55 with no family history) and 100 healthy controls, all medication free, were tested on tasks related to the ‘hot’ (i.e. two choice-delay tasks) and ‘cool’ domains of EF (i.e. Digits backward, Corsi Block Task backward, Go/No-Go Task, Stop-Signal Task, and the Stroop).ResultsCompared with the controls, children with ADHD were found to perform significantly worse on one or more measures of response inhibition, WM, and delay aversion after controlling for co-morbidities and estimated IQ. In addition, comparisons between ADHD children with family history of ADHD and those with no family history found significant differences on measures of response inhibition and WM but not delay aversion. These results are largely supported by results of two logistic regressions.ConclusionsADHD was found to be associated with deficits on both cool and hot EFs. There is also evidence to suggest that cool EFs impairment is related to a family history of ADHD. Findings of this study have helped to elucidate the nature and extent of EF deficits in children with ADHD.

scholarly journals Comparison of Nutrients' Intakes in Children with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Shareghfarid ◽  
Zohreh Sadat Sangsefidi ◽  
Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh ◽  
Amin Salehi-Abargouei ◽  
Mohammad Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Control Survey

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common chronic mental disorder among children. Children with ADHD may be at risk for a variety of nutrients' deficiencies. We aimed to assess the nutrients' intakes among ADHD children and compare them with the healthy ones. Methods: This was a hospital-based case-control survey over 120 ADHD as the cases and 240 non-ADHD children as the control participants aged 6-13 years. Usual dietary intakes were assessed using a validated semi quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The P-values were considered significant if they were < 0·05. Results: Energy: 2812.2 ± 1029.9 kcal/day vs. 3136.4 ± 1360.3 kcal/day, P = 0.001), fat: 78.3 ± 28.8 g/day vs. 87.2 ± 44.9 g/day, P > 0.001), and carbohydrate: 436.8 ± 192.6 g/day vs. 479.9 ± 244.2 g/day, P = 0.009) intakes were significantly lower in ADHD than healthy children. Similarly, consumption of calcium: 968.5 ± 358.3 mg/day vs. 1055.7 ± 453.4 mg/day, P = 0.03) and magnesium: 363.1 ± 173.9 mg/day vs. 411.9 ± 220.8 mg/day, P = 0.01) were significantly lower in the cases than control group. However, intakes of thiamin: 34.4±18.8 mg/day vs. 40.4 ± 25.6 mg/day, P = 0.002), riboflavin: 1.99 ± 0.76 mg/day vs. 2.21 ± 0.95 mg/day, P = 0.01), niacin: 24.9 ± 10.6 mg/day vs. 27.5 ± 13.2 mg/day, P = 0.01), and vitamin B5: 6.85 ± 3.35 mg/day vs. 7.49 ± 3.84 mg/day, P = 0.02) were significantly lower in the case than control group. Conclusion: Children with ADHD consumed significantly lower quantities of energy, macronutrients, calcium, magnesium, B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5), and vitamin C compared with the healthy children.

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