Effect of Silicon on Morpho-Physiological Attributes, Yield and Cadmium Accumulation in Two Maize Genotypes with Contrasting Root System Size and Health Risk Assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting An ◽  
Yamin Gao ◽  
Qiqiang Kuang ◽  
Yujie Wu ◽  
Qamar uz Zaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Root System ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
System Size ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Root System Size

Abstract Background and aims Cadmium (Cd) contamination is a serious threat to plants and humans. Silicon (Si) was reported to have some alleviative effects on plant tolerance to Cd stress. However, whether Si alleviates Cd toxicity in maize genotypes with contrasting root system size are unknown. Methods Effects of Si applications (0 and 200 mg kg-1 soil) on shoot and root growth, Cd uptake and transportation under Cd treatments (0 and 20 mg kg-1 soil) were assessed at the silking and maturity of maize genotypes Zhongke11 (large-rooted) and Shengrui999 (small-rooted) in a pot experiment. Results Root dry weight, plant height and root length were significantly affected by Si addition. Root volume and average root diameter were significantly positively correlated with root Cd concentration, bioaccumulation and translocation factor, respectively, of two maize genotypes at the silking stage. Addition of Si significantly increased Cd concentration, content, bioconcentration and translocation factor in roots of Zhongke11, but reduced the values of these parameters in Shengrui9999 at both growth stages. Under Cd stress, grain Cd concentration in the Si treatment was decreased by 14.4% (Zhongke11) and 21.4% (Shengrui999) than that in non-Si treatment. Grain yield was significantly negatively correlated with root Cd accumulation. Moreover, addition of Si significantly reduced Cd daily intake and health risk index in maize.Conclusions This study demonstrated that addition of Si reduced health risk by eliminating Cd accumulation in maize shoot and grain, and alleviated Cd stress with more profound effects in the small-rooted genotype Shengrui999.

scholarly journals Genetic and phenotypic associations between root architecture, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonisation and low phosphate tolerance instrawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Maria Cockerton ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Eleftheria Stavridou ◽  
Abigail Johnson ◽  
Amanda Karlström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root System ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
System Size ◽  
Nutrient Depletion ◽  
Depletion Zone ◽  
Root System Size ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Phosphate is an essential plant macronutrient required to achieve maximum crop yield. Roots are able to uptake soil phosphate from the immediate root area, thus creating a nutrient depletion zone. Many plants are able to exploit phosphate from beyond this root nutrient depletion zone through symbiotic association with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). Here we characterise the relationship between root architecture, AMF association and low phosphate tolerance in strawberries. The contrasting root architecture in the parental strawberry cultivars ‘Redgauntlet’ and ‘Hapil’ was studied through a mapping population of 168 progeny. Low phosphate tolerance and AMF association was quantified for each genotype to allow assessment of the phenotypic and genotypic relationships between traits. Results: A “phosphate scavenging” root phenotype where individuals exhibit a high proportion of surface lateral roots was associated with a reduction in root system size across genotypes. A genetic correlation between “root system size” traits was observed with a network of pleiotropic QTL were found to represent five “root system size” traits. By contrast, average root diameter and the distribution of roots appeared to be under two discrete methods of genetic control. A total of 18 QTL were associated with plant traits, 4 of which were associated with solidity that explained 46 % of the observed variation. Investigations into the relationship between AMF association and root architecture found that a higher root density was associated with greater AMF colonisation across genotypes. However, no phenotypic correlation or genotypic association was found between low phosphate tolerance and the propensity for AMF association, nor root architectural traits when plants are grown under optimal nutrient conditions.Conclusions: Understanding the genetic relationships underpinning phosphate capture can inform the breeding of strawberry varieties with better nutrient use efficiency. Solid root systems were associated with greater AMF colonisation. However, low P-tolerance was not phenotypically or genotypically associated with root architecture traits in strawberry plants. Furthermore, a trade-off was observed between root system size and root architecture type, highlighting the energetic costs associated with a “phosphate scavenging” root architecture.

scholarly journals Wheat Cultivars With Contrasting Root System Size Responded Differently to Terminal Drought

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Figueroa-Bustos ◽  
Jairo A. Palta ◽  
Yinglong Chen ◽  
Katia Stefanova ◽  
Kadambot H. M. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Size ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Root System Size

scholarly journals Uncommon selection by root system size increases barley yield

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Svačina ◽  
Tomáš Středa ◽  
Oldřich Chloupek
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Size ◽  
Root System Size

scholarly journals Genetic and phenotypic associations between root architecture, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonisation and low phosphate tolerance in strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Maria Cockerton ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Eleftheria Stavridou ◽  
Abigail Johnson ◽  
Amanda Karlström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root System ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
System Size ◽  
Nutrient Depletion ◽  
Depletion Zone ◽  
Root System Size ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Phosphate is an essential plant macronutrient required to achieve maximum crop yield. Roots are able to uptake soil phosphate from the immediate root area, thus creating a nutrient depletion zone. Many plants are able to exploit phosphate from beyond this root nutrient depletion zone through symbiotic association with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). Here we characterise the relationship between root architecture, AMF association and low phosphate tolerance in strawberries. The contrasting root architecture in the parental strawberry cultivars ‘Redgauntlet’ and ‘Hapil’ was studied through a mapping population of 168 progeny. Low phosphate tolerance and AMF association was quantified for each genotype to allow assessment of the phenotypic and genotypic relationships between traits. Results A “phosphate scavenging” root phenotype where individuals exhibit a high proportion of surface lateral roots was associated with a reduction in root system size across genotypes. A genetic correlation between “root system size” traits was observed with a network of pleiotropic QTL were found to represent five “root system size” traits. By contrast, average root diameter and the distribution of roots appeared to be under two discrete methods of genetic control. A total of 18 QTL were associated with plant traits, 4 of which were associated with solidity that explained 46 % of the observed variation. Investigations into the relationship between AMF association and root architecture found that a higher root density was associated with greater AMF colonisation across genotypes. However, no phenotypic correlation or genotypic association was found between low phosphate tolerance and the propensity for AMF association, nor root architectural traits when plants are grown under optimal nutrient conditions. Conclusions Understanding the genetic relationships underpinning phosphate capture can inform the breeding of strawberry varieties with better nutrient use efficiency. Solid root systems were associated with greater AMF colonisation. However, low P-tolerance was not phenotypically or genotypically associated with root architecture traits in strawberry plants. Furthermore, a trade-off was observed between root system size and root architecture type, highlighting the energetic costs associated with a “phosphate scavenging” root architecture.

scholarly journals Cadmium uptake, translocation, and redistribution affect Cd accumulation in grain of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiran Cheng ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Sha Wang ◽  
Xue Xiao ◽  
Jian Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Cd Translocation

Abstract Background To study the cadmium (Cd) accumulation in wheat grain, we evaluated the grain Cd concentrations of 46 common wheat cultivars grown at two sites in Sichuan, China and selected five different grain Cd accumulators (a high-Cd accumulator ZM18, four low-Cd accumulators YM51, YM53, SM969 and CM104) to explore the physiological processes of Cd accumulation in the grain of wheat grown under varying degrees of Cd stress. Results Our results showed that the Cd concentration in grain differed among genotypes. Under low-Cd stress, the grain Cd concentration was correlated with the Cd translocation factor (TF) of roots to grain and all the Cd redistribution factors (RFs). Compared with the ZM18, the cultivars YM53 and SM969 accumulated less Cd in the grain due to low Cd redistribution from lower stems and older leaves to grain. The low-Cd accumulators YM51 and CM104 were due to low Cd transport from roots to grain, and low Cd redistribution from glumes, flag leaves, lower stems, and older leaves to grain. Under high-Cd stress, the ZM18, YM53, and SM969 accumulated significantly more Cd in the grain, root and other tissues than did YM51 and CM104. Correlation analyses showed that the grain Cd concentration of wheat under high Cd stress was positively correlated with the Cd concentration in each tissue and the TFs of roots to grains, rachis, internode 1 and flag leaves. Conclusions Cd translocation directly from roots to grain and Cd redistribution from shoots to grain determines the Cd accumulation in grain of wheat cultivars under low-Cd stress. Cd uptake by root and then synchronously transported to new shoots determined the differences of Cd accumulation in the grain of wheat cultivars under high Cd stress.

scholarly journals Combining Ability for Seedling Root System Size and Shoot Vigor in Interspecific Blueberry Progenies

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A. Erb ◽  
A.D. Draper ◽  
H.J. Swartz
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
System Size ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Root System Size ◽  
Highly Correlated

Interspecific blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) progenies were examined to determine combining abilities and genetic variability for seedling root system size and shoot vigor and to establish whether a large root system is correlated with good growth when plants are grown on a mineral soil and exposed to a moderate soil water deficit. General combining ability (GCA) variance components for root system size and shoot vigor and specific combining ability variance components for shoot vigor were significant. US226, a tetraploid hybrid of V. myrtilloides Michaux × V. atrococcum Heller, had the highest GCA effect for root system size and the lowest GCA effect for shoot vigor. US75 (V. darrowi Camp × V. corymbosum L.) had the highest GCA effect for shoot vigor and was second in GCA effect for root system size. Comparison of the crosses containing G111 (V. corymbosum) with those containing G362 (V. corymbosum) indicates that selecting for the best V. corymbosum clone to start a breeding program seems as important as selecting the mineral soil-adapted parent. Root system ratings were highly correlated with total dry weight of field-grown plants (r = 0.89). The method used in this study to evaluate seedlings for root system size and shoot vigor could be used to eliminate the less vigorous plants from a population before field planting and to evaluate mineral soil adaptability.

scholarly journals Genotypic Differences in Root System Size in White Mustard in Relation to Biomass Yield and Soil Nitrogen Content

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-881
Author(s):  
Martin Hajzler ◽  
Jana Klimešová ◽  
Petra Procházková ◽  
Tomáš Středa
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Root System ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
System Size ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Root System Size

Growing catch crops is one of the possible strategies to decrease erosion and nitrogen loss from soil profiles. Biomass yield and root system size have significant impacts on the soil nitrogen content. a three‑year field experiment with eight varieties of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) was established to evaluate the effects of genotype and environment on biomass yield, soil nitrogen content and rooting parameters. Significant effects of genotype were found for root length density (RLD), root surface density (RSD) and specific root length (SRL) in the plow layer (0 – 20 cm) and for root system size (RSS), measured by electrical capacitance method, during three phenological phases. Higher biomass yield in varieties with higher RLD and RSD values during ripening and a larger RSS during flowering were found in dry conditions. Relationship of the root system and biomass yield to nitrate and ammonia nitrogen content varied in different environments. We found a significant relation between the RSS and ammonia nitrogen content in more fertile environment on average over the three years. The nitrate nitrogen content was related to the RLD, RSD and SRL in favorable year at shallow soil depths (0 – 20 cm).

Drought tolerance of barley varieties in relation to their root system size

2010 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 630-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Chloupek ◽  
V. Dostál ◽  
T. Středa ◽  
V. Psota ◽  
O. Dvořáčková
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root System ◽  
System Size ◽  
Root System Size
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