scholarly journals Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 Vaccine Among Polish School-Teachers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ganczak ◽  
Marcin Korzeń ◽  
Ewa Sobieraj ◽  
Jakub Goławski ◽  
Oskar Pasek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Dose Interval ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Previous Infection ◽  
Boost Dose ◽  
Prior Infection ◽  
Assay Detection

Abstract Background Polish teachers, as the priority group, were offered the ChAdOx1-S vaccine since February 2021. The objective was to investigate safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of this vaccine following two vaccine doses. Methods Teachers were invited for serological testing ≥8 weeks after second vaccination. Quantitative post-vaccination anti-spike antibody responses were measured using the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay (detection threshold: ≥7.1 BAU/ml). Multivariable logistic regression methods were used to identify predictors of immunogenicity. Results Of 192 teachers, mean age 50.5±8.3 years, 83.9% were females. Median (range) dosing interval was 50 (14-95) days; median interval between the second dose and immunogenicity test was 69 days (range: 57–111). More than a half of teachers (58.3%) reported they would change the product for another (mostly mRNA) vaccine if there was such an opportunity. Adverse reactions after receiving the vaccine (either the first or the second dose) were reported by 79.2% teachers, more frequently after the first dose (84.9%), and were similar in nature to those previously reported: feeling feverish (44.8%), headache (41.7%), malaise, chills (both: 38.0%), injection-site tenderness (37.5%) and pain (32.3%). Less males than females (54.8% vs 80.1%) and older (aged ≥50 years) than younger teachers (65.7% vs 90.4%) reported side effects (p<0.002; p<0.0001, respectively). By ≥8 weeks after the boost dose, all teachers had neutralizing antibody responses. The median (range) anti-spike IgG reading was 525.0 BAU/mL (20.6-5680.0 BAU/mL); 1008.02 (115.3–5680.0) BAU/mL in teachers with evidence of prior infection and 381.42 BAU/mL (20.6–3108.8) in those without (p=0.001). Previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 and longer dose interval were both positive predictors of higher immunologic response (p<0.0001; p=0.01, respectively), with no evidence of differences by age, gender, BMI, smoking or comorbidities. Conclusions The results demonstrated good safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1-S vaccine. Immunization led to detectable anti-spike antibodies in all teachers. Our study justifies the longer dose interval as an important factor to enhance higher antibody response. Findings suggest that in immunocompetent vaccine recipients with an evidence of previous infection a delay regarding the second dose could be considered when careful management in the use of vaccine resources is needed.

scholarly journals Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike responses to Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines by previous infection status

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W Eyre ◽  
Sheila F Lumley ◽  
Jia Wei ◽  
Stuart Cox ◽  
Tim James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Previous Infection ◽  
Prior Infection

Objectives We investigate determinants of SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG responses in healthcare workers (HCWs) following one or two doses of Pfizer-BioNTech or Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines. Methods HCWs participating in regular SARS-CoV-2 PCR and antibody testing were invited for serological testing prior to first and second vaccination, and 4 weeks post-vaccination if receiving a 12-week dosing interval. Quantitative post-vaccination anti-spike antibody responses were measured using the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay (detection threshold: ≥50 AU/ml). We used multivariable logistic regression to identify predictors of seropositivity and generalised additive models to track antibody responses over time. Results Vaccine uptake was 80%, but less in lower-paid roles and Black, south Asian and minority ethnic groups. 3570/3610(98.9%) HCWs were seropositive >14 days post-first vaccination and prior to second vaccination, 2706/2720(99.5%) after Pfizer-BioNTech and 864/890(97.1%) following Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines. Previously infected and younger HCWs were more likely to test seropositive post-first vaccination, with no evidence of differences by sex or ethnicity. All 470 HCWs tested >14 days after second vaccine were seropositive. Quantitative antibody responses were higher after previous infection: median(IQR) >21 days post-first Pfizer-BioNTech 14,604(7644-22,291) AU/ml vs. 1028(564-1985) AU/ml without prior infection (p<0.001). Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine recipients had lower readings post-first dose compared to Pfizer-BioNTech, with and without previous infection, 10,095(5354-17,096) and 435(203-962) AU/ml respectively (both p<0.001 vs. Pfizer-BioNTech). Antibody responses post-second vaccination were similar to those after prior infection and one vaccine dose. Conclusions Vaccination leads to detectable anti-spike antibodies in nearly all adult HCWs. Whether differences in response impact vaccine efficacy needs further study.

Comparison of indirect hemagglutination and indirect immunofluorescence tests with microneutralization tests for detection of type-specific Herpesvirus hominis antibody

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-390
Author(s):  
L D Johnson ◽  
D A Fuccillo ◽  
H Stalder ◽  
M A Oxman ◽  
C E Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Immunofluorescent Antibody ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination ◽  
Herpesvirus Hominis ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Previous Infection ◽  
Human Infections

Indirect hemagglutinating and immunofluorescent antibody responses to Herpesvirus hominis types 1 and 2 were compared to neutralizing antibody responses in infected humans from whom H. hominis type 1 or 2 was isolated. The indirect immunofluorescent antibody test was shown to be the most sensitive and specific for primary human infections. The sensitivity and specificity of the indirect hemagglutination and the immunofluorescent antibody tests were shown to be equal to that of the microneutralization test among patients who had primary or recurrent H. hominis type 2 infections. It is suggested that the indirect hemagglutination test is preferable for assaying large populations for previous infection with H. hominis type 2 because it is rapid, easier to perform, and more economical. The intermediate range of titer differences (deltat) between H. hominis types 1 and 2 previously reported to be due to infections with both viruses was shown to occur in all three tests among patients with primary infections with either virus.

scholarly journals Durability of antibody response to vaccination and surrogate neutralization of emerging variants based on SARS-CoV-2 exposure history

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. McDade ◽  
Alexis R. Demonbreun ◽  
Amelia Sancilio ◽  
Brian Mustanski ◽  
Richard T. D’Aquila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Responses ◽  
Clinical Protection ◽  
Exposure History ◽  
Antibody Levels

AbstractTwo-dose messenger RNA vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are highly effective in preventing symptomatic COVID-19 infection. However, the durability of protection is not known, nor is the effectiveness against emerging viral variants. Additionally, vaccine responses may differ based on prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure history. To investigate protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants we measured binding and neutralizing antibody responses following both vaccine doses. We document significant declines in antibody levels three months post-vaccination, and reduced neutralization of emerging variants, highlighting the need to identify correlates of clinical protection to inform the timing of and indications for booster vaccination.

scholarly journals The challenge of limited vaccine supplies: impact of prior infection on anti-spike IgG antibody trajectories after a single COVID-19 vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Wei ◽  
Philippa C. Matthews ◽  
Nicole Stoesser ◽  
Ian Diamond ◽  
Ruth Studley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Population Immunity ◽  
Previous Infection ◽  
Single Vaccination ◽  
Interim Measure ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Prior Infection

AbstractGiven high SARS-CoV-2 incidence, coupled with slow and inequitable vaccine roll-out, there is an urgent need for evidence to underpin optimum vaccine deployment, aiming to maximise global population immunity at speed. We evaluate whether a single vaccination in previously infected individuals generates similar initial and subsequent antibody responses to two vaccinations in those without prior infection. We compared anti-spike IgG antibody responses after a single dose of ChAdOx1, BNT162b2, or mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the COVID-19 Infection Survey in the UK general population. In 100,849 adults who received at least one vaccination, 13,404 (13.3%) had serological and/or PCR evidence of prior infection. Prior infection significantly boosted antibody responses for all three vaccines, producing a higher peak level and longer half-life, and a response comparable to those without prior infection receiving two vaccinations. In those with prior infection, median time above the positivity threshold was estimated to last for >1 year after the first dose. Single-dose vaccination targeted to those previously infected may provide protection in populations with high rates of previous infection faced with limited vaccine supply, as an interim measure while vaccine campaigns are scaled up.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity after infection and antibody response to mRNA-based vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J. Ciccone ◽  
Deanna R. Zhu ◽  
Rawan Ajeen ◽  
Evans K. Lodge ◽  
Bonnie E. Shook-Sa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Prior Infection

AbstractThe effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on response to mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is not well-described. We assessed longitudinal SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses pre- and post-vaccination among individuals with and without prior infection. The antibody response to the first vaccine dose was almost two-fold higher in individuals who were seropositive before vaccination compared to those who were seronegative, suggesting that prior infection primes the immune response to the first dose of mRNA-based vaccine.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Commercial Vaccines against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (Ibr) Virus Using Different Immunization Protocols

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Laureana De Brun ◽  
Mauro Leites ◽  
Agustín Furtado ◽  
Fabricio Campos ◽  
Paulo Roehe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Igg2 Antibody ◽  
Clinical Protection ◽  
Group 2

Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 is ubiquitous in cattle populations and is associated with several clinical syndromes, including respiratory disease, genital disease, infertility and abortions. Control of the virus in many parts of the world is achieved primarily through vaccination with either inactivated or live modified viral vaccines. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of four commercially available BoHV-1 vaccines commonly used in Central and South America. Animals were divided into eight groups and vaccinated on days 0 and 30. Groups 1 to 4 received two doses of four different BoHV-1 commercial vaccines (named A to D). Groups 5 and 6 received vaccine D plus a vaccine for either Clostridial or Food-and-Mouth-Disease (FMD), respectively. Group 7 received one dose of two different brands of reproductive vaccines. Serum samples were collected from all animals on days 0, 30 and 60 to evaluate neutralizing and isotype-specific (IgG1 and IgG2) antibodies. Of the four commercial vaccines evaluated, only vaccine A induced neutralizing antibodies to titers ≥ 1:8 in 13/15 (86%) of the animals 60 days post-vaccination. Levels of IgG2 antibody increased in all groups, except for group 2 after the first dose of vaccine B. These results show that only vaccine A induced significant and detectable levels of BoHV-1-neutralizing antibodies. The combination of vaccine D with Clostridial or FMD vaccines did not affect neutralizing antibody responses to BoHV-1. The antibody responses of three of the four commercial vaccines analyzed here were lower than admissible by vaccine A. These results may be from vaccination failure, but means to identify the immune signatures predictive of clinical protection against BoHV-1 in cattle should also be considered.

scholarly journals A Single Immunization with Spike-Functionalized Ferritin Vaccines Elicits Neutralizing Antibody Responses against SARS-CoV-2 in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail E. Powell ◽  
Kaiming Zhang ◽  
Mrinmoy Sanyal ◽  
Shaogeng Tang ◽  
Payton A. Weidenbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses

scholarly journals Immunogenicity of HIV-1-Based Virus-Like Particles with Increased Incorporation and Stability of Membrane-Bound Env

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Gonelli ◽  
Hannah A. D. King ◽  
Charlene Mackenzie ◽  
Secondo Sonza ◽  
Rob J. Center ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Neutralization Activity ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Antibody Isotypes ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Proline Substitution ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Antibody Epitopes ◽  
Hiv 1

An optimal prophylactic vaccine to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) transmission should elicit protective antibody responses against the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env). Replication-incompetent HIV-1 virus-like particles (VLPs) offer the opportunity to present virion-associated Env with a native-like structure during vaccination that closely resembles that encountered on infectious virus. Here, we optimized the incorporation of Env into previously designed mature-form VLPs (mVLPs) and assessed their immunogenicity in mice. The incorporation of Env into mVLPs was increased by replacing the Env transmembrane and cytoplasmic tail domains with those of influenza haemagglutinin (HA-TMCT). Furthermore, Env was stabilized on the VLP surface by introducing an interchain disulfide and proline substitution (SOSIP) mutations typically employed to stabilize soluble Env trimers. The resulting mVLPs efficiently presented neutralizing antibody epitopes while minimizing exposure of non-neutralizing antibody sites. Vaccination of mice with mVLPs elicited a broader range of Env-specific antibody isotypes than Env presented on immature VLPs or extracellular vesicles. The mVLPs bearing HA-TMCT-modified Env consistently induced anti-Env antibody responses that mediated modest neutralization activity. These mVLPs are potentially useful immunogens for eliciting neutralizing antibody responses that target native Env epitopes on infectious HIV-1 virions.

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