Rapid meniscus-guided printing of stable semi-solid-state liquid metal microgranular-particle for soft electronics

Abstract Liquid metal (LM) is being regarded as the most feasible material for soft electronics owing to its distinct combination of high conductivity comparable to that of metals and exceptional deformability derived from its liquid state. However, the applicability of LM is still limited due to the difficulty of achieving its mechanical stability and intrinsic conductivity. Furthermore, reliable and rapid patterning of stable LM directly on various soft substrates at high-resolution remains a formidable challenge. In this work, meniscus-guided printing of ink containing polyelectrolyte-attached LM microgranular-particle (PaLMP) in an aqueous solvent to generate semi-solid-state LM is presented. PaLMP printed in the evaporative regime is mechanically stable, intrinsically conductive, and patternable down to 50 µm on various substrates. Demonstrations of the ultrastretchable (~500% strain) electrical circuit, customized e-skin, and zero-waste ECG sensor validate the simplicity, versatility, and reliability of this manufacturing strategy, enabling broad utility in the development of advanced soft electronics.

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Photo-patternable, large-area solid-state liquid metal film coated via solution shearing for soft electronics

10.21203/rs.3.rs-349722/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gun-Hee Lee ◽

Hyeonji Kim ◽

Juhyun Lee ◽

Congqi Yang ◽

Heemin Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Liquid Metal ◽

Manufacturing Strategy ◽

Unique Combination ◽

Large Area ◽

Sensing Systems ◽

Conducting Materials ◽

Manufacturing Methods ◽

Lift Off ◽

Soft Electronics

Abstract Liquid metal (LM) is considered one of the most promising conducting materials for soft electronics due to its unique combination of metal-level high conductivity with exceptional deformability and stretchability. However, their practical applicability has thus far been limited due to the challenges of generating chemically and mechanically stable film over a large-area and the need for non-standard fabrication approaches. Here, we report materials and manufacturing methods that enable multiscale patterning (from microns to centimeters) and multilayer integration of ‘solid-state liquid metal (SSLM)’ with the conventional cleanroom process. In this work, solution shearing of a polyelectrolyte-attached LM particle ink is used to generate SSLM films. The stabilized LM particles were observed to form a close-packed thin-film without particle rupture when coated under evaporative regime. This is essential in enabling a subsequent photolithographic lift-off process at wafer-scale to produce high-resolution features (~ 10 µm) of varying thicknesses irrespective of the substrate. Demonstrations of wearable multilayer tactile sensing systems and stretchable skin-interfaced electronics validate the simplicity, versatility, and reliability of this manufacturing strategy, suggesting broad utility in the development of advanced soft electronics.

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Stand-Alone Semi-Solid-State Electrochemical Systems Based on Bicontinuous Microemulsion Gel Films

Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02948 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 92 (20) ◽

pp. 14031-14037

Author(s):

Hinako Hashimoto ◽

Kyosei Goto ◽

Kouhei Sakata ◽

Satoshi Watanabe ◽

Tomoyuki Kamata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Electrochemical Systems ◽

Bicontinuous Microemulsion ◽

Semi Solid ◽

Microemulsion Gel

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PROCESSES USED IN FORMING FROM A SEMI-SOLID STATE

Materials Science–Selection of Materials ◽

10.1016/b978-0-408-70110-5.50008-9 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 30-41

Author(s):

S.W. JONES

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Semi Solid

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Experimental Investigations And Numerical Modelling of 210CR12 Steel in Semi-Solid State

10.1063/1.3589654 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Piotr Macioł ◽

Władysław Zalecki ◽

Roman Kuziak ◽

Aleksandra Jakubowicz ◽

Stanisław Węglarczyk

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Numerical Modelling ◽

Experimental Investigations ◽

Semi Solid

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Mechanical Properties of Thixoformed 7075 Feedstock Produced via the Direct Thermal Method

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.651-653.1569 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 651-653 ◽

pp. 1569-1574 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Asnul Hadi Ahmad ◽

Sumsun Naher ◽

Dermot Brabazon

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Solid State ◽

Tensile Testing ◽

Thermal Method ◽

Test Unit ◽

Pouring Temperature ◽

Injection Test ◽

Semi Solid ◽

Conventionally Cast

Abstracts: This paper presents an overview of measured mechanical properties of thixoformed aluminium 7075 feedstock produced by the direct thermal method (DTM). The DTM feedstock billets were processed with a pouring temperature of 685 °C and holding periods of 20 s, 40 s and 60 s before being quenched and subsequently thixoformed. A conventionally cast feedstock billet was produced with a pouring temperature of 685 °C and was allowed to solidify without quenching. The feedstock billets were later formed by an injection test unit in the semi-solid state. Tensile testing was then conducted on the thixoformed feedstock billets. Tensile properties for 7075 DTM thixoformed feedstock billets were found significantly influenced by the thixoformed component density. Samples with longer holding times were found to have higher density and higher tensile strength.

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Morphology and laccase production of white-rot fungi grown on wheat bran flakes under semi-solid-state fermentation conditions

FEMS Microbiology Letters ◽

10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02234.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 318 (1) ◽

pp. 27-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Johann F. Osma ◽

Ulla Moilanen ◽

José L. Toca-Herrera ◽

Susana Rodríguez-Couto

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Wheat Bran ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

White Rot ◽

Laccase Production ◽

Fermentation Conditions ◽

Semi Solid

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Semi-solid-state fermentation: A promising alternative for neomycin production by the actinomycete Streptomyces fradiae

Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.03.015 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 165 (3-4) ◽

pp. 195-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Isabel Machado ◽

José A. Teixeira ◽

Susana Rodríguez-Couto

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Streptomyces Fradiae ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Semi Solid

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Evaluation of Strip Rolling Directly from the Semi-Solid State

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.116-117.433 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 116-117 ◽

pp. 433-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Antonio de Pádua Lima Filho ◽

Márcio Iuji Yamasaki

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Cooling System ◽

Solid Alloy ◽

Strip Rolling ◽

Tin Alloys ◽

Cooling Slope ◽

Quality Issue ◽

Lower Roller ◽

Semi Solid ◽

Strip Quality

The aim of this work is to study the solidification conditions necessary to produce good quality/low defect metal alloy strip when thixorolling directly from the semi-solid state. To facilitate the study lead/tin alloys were chosen for their relatively low operating temperature. The objective is to extrapolate these findings to the higher temperature aluminium alloys. Three alloys (70%Pb- 30%Sn, 60%Pb-40%Sn, 50%Pb-50%wtSn) were used particularly to study the influence of the solidification interval. The equipment consists of a two roll mill arranged as an upper and lower roller, where both rollers are driven at a controlled speed. The lower roller is fed with semi solid alloy through a ceramic nozzle attached to the lower end of a cooling slope. Several types of nozzle and their position at the roller were tested. This produced different solidifications and consequently different finished strip. The alloys were first cast and then poured onto the cooling slope through a tundish in order to create a continuous laminar flow of slurry and uniformity of metal strip quality. The pouring was tested at different positions along the slope. The cooling slope was coated with colloidal graphite to promote a smooth slurry flow and avoid the problem of adherence and premature solidification. The metallic slurry not only cools along the slope but is also initially super-cooled to a mush by the lower roller whilst at room temperatures, thus enabling thixorolling. It was also found that the nozzle position could be adjusted to enable the upper roller to also contribute to the solidification of the metallic slurry. However the rollers and the cooling slope naturally heat up. Temperature distribution in these zones was analysed by means of three thermocouples positioned along the cooling slope and a fourth in the base of the semi solid pool within the nozzle. The objective being to design an optimum pouring and cooling system. The formed strip was cooled down to room temperature with a shower of water. Microstructures of the thixorolling process were analysed. The differences in solidification conditions resulted in differing qualities of finished strip and corresponding defect types, all of which are a serious quality issue for the rolled product.

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