scholarly journals Essential Oil of Piper Purusanum C.DC (Piperaceae) and Its Main Sesquiterpenes: Biodefensives Against Malaria and Dengue Vectors, Without Lethal Effect on Non-target Aquatic Fauna

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
André C. de Oliveira ◽  
Rejane C. Simões ◽  
Carlos A. P. Lima ◽  
Felipe M. A. da Silva ◽  
Sergio M. Nunamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
The Other ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Aquatic Fauna ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Dengue Vectors

Abstract The mosquitoes vectors of the genus Aedes and Anopheles present resistance to several commercial insecticides, which are also toxic to non-predators targets. On the other hand, essential oils are a promising source of insecticides. Thus, in this work, the essential oil from the leaves of Piper purusanum was characterized by gas chromatography based approaches and evaluated as biodefensive against malaria and dengue vectors. The main compounds of P. purusanum essential oil were β-caryophyllene (57.05%), α-humulene (14.50%) and germacrene D (8.20%). The essential oil inhibited egg hatching (7.6 ± 1.5 to 95.6 ± 4.5%) caused larval death (LC50 from 49.84 to 51.60 ppm) and inhibited the action of acetylcholinesterase (IC50 of 2.29 µg/mL), which can be related to the mechanisms of action. On the other hand, the biological activity of β-caryophyllene, α-humulene and germacrene D were higher than the essential oil. In addition, these sesquiterpenes and essential oil did not show a lethal effect on Toxorhynchites splendens, Anisops bouvieri, Gambusia affinis and Diplonychus indicus (LC50 from 2098.80 to 7707.13 ppm), although D. indicus is more sensible (SI/PSF from 48.56 to 252.02 ppm) to essential oil, representing a natural alternative against these relevant vectors.

scholarly journals Liquid CO2 Extraction of Jasminum grandiflorum and Comparison with Conventional Processes

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700
Author(s):  
Om Prakash ◽  
Deeptanjali Sahoo ◽  
Prasant Kumar Rout
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Free Product ◽  
Polar Compounds ◽  
The Other ◽  
Benzyl Acetate ◽  
Methyl Anthranilate ◽  
Direct Extraction ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Liquid Co2 ◽  
The Absolute

The concrete (0.35%) of Jasminum grandiflorum L. flowers was prepared by extraction in n-pentane, and the absolute (0.27%) by fractionation of the n-pentane extract (concrete) with cold methanol. Direct extraction of flowers with liquid CO2 gave a relatively fat-free product in 0.26% yield. The liquid CO2 extract was enriched with terpenoids and benzenoids, thus providing the organoleptically accepted product. The major compounds, such as benzyl acetate, ( E,E)-α-farnesene and ( Z)-3-hexenyl benzoate, along with compounds like indole, methyl anthranilate, ( Z)-jasmone, ( Z)-methyl jasmonoate and ( Z)-methyl epi-jasmonoate, are responsible for the high diffusivity of the jasmine fragrance. These compounds have been obtained with improved recoveries in the liquid CO2 extract. On the other hand, the yield of the essential oil was poor (0.05%), and some polar compounds (oxygenated terpenoids) were recovered in less amounts in comparison with either the n-pentane or liquid CO2 extract.

Essential Oil of Artemisia judaica L. (ssp. Sahariensis) from Algerian Sahara: Antimicrobial Effects and Mechanisms of Action

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Halla ◽  
K. Boucherit ◽  
B. Zeragui ◽  
D. Hellal ◽  
A. Bentoumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Cellular Material ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensitive Bacterium ◽  
Algerian Sahara ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Saline Medium

The aim of this work was to investigate the essential oil of Artemisia judaica L. (ssp. Sahariensis) originated from south of Algeria by evaluating its antimicrobial activity as well as its mechanisms of action against bacterial and fungal microorganisms. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against 17 microbial strains. The mechanisms of action of Artemisia judaica essential oil (AJEO) have been studied by the evaluation of the release of cellular material (260 nm), the cell viability, the activity of lipase, and the salt tolerance. The AJEO yield was 1.27 ± 0.24% (w/w). The chemical composition of AJEO was characterized by a high content of piperitone (71.1%). The most sensitive bacterium was Staphylococcus aureus with an MIC of 2.73 mg/mL. AJEO was found to be enough to kill strains tested at least 40% after thirty seconds of incubation and to induce release of cellular material. On the other hand, AJEO showed complete inhibition of lipase activity of Candida albicans cells as well as the ability of cells to form colonies on saline medium. AJEO has a powerful antimicrobial activity against different microbial organisms with different mechanisms of action. AJEO seem to be useful in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic application.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR DEREPLICATION OF VOLATILE OILS FROM Saururus cernuus L. AND EVALUATION OF ANTITrypanosoma cruzi ACTIVITY

Química Nova ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Brito ◽  
Thais Costa-Silva ◽  
Vinicius Londero ◽  
João Baldim ◽  
Andre Tempone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
The Other ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Germacrene D

The present study reports the molecular dereplication and the evaluation of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of volatile oils from inflorescences, leaves, branches, and roots of Saururus cernuus L. (Saururaceae). Chemically, the oils showed the predominance of sesquiterpenes in inflorescences (64.04%) and branches (63.82%), with b-sesquiphellandrene (25.50%) and (E)-caryophyllene (22.40%) corresponding to the main constituents of each oil. Furthermore, it was possible to detect safrole as the most predominant compound in the leaves oil (49.09%). On the other hand, the oil from roots was mainly composed by monoterpenes (84.60%), with limonene in higher concentration (38.41%), followed by α-pinene (20.19%), and camphene (14.71%). The oils from inflorescences and branches displayed higher antitrypanosomal potency with EC50 values of 7.1 and 8.8 μg mL-1, respectively, followed by the oils from the roots and inflorescences, with EC50 values of 17.3 and 30.4 μg mL-1, respectively. Additionally, branches and inflorescences oils displayed no toxicity in mammalian NCTC cells (CC50 > 200 μg mL-1). Using two PLS-DA methods, it was possible to suggest that the anti-T. cruzi activity of the tested oils could be associated with the presence of β-sesquiphellandrene, safrole, β-elemene, and α-zingiberene whereas threo-austrobailignan-5, β-sesquiphellandrene, α-humulene, germacrene D, and bicyclogermacrene play a role in the cytotoxicity against NCTC cells.

Mechanisms of action of testosterone propionate on LH and FSH release by the pituitary gland in cyclic female rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Roos ◽  
S. Plas-Roser ◽  
Cl. Aron
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Lh Release

Abstract. The aim of this work was to determine whether changes in pituitary responsiveness to LRH could account for the effect of testosterone propionate (TP) on the gonadotrophic function of the pituitary in 4-day cyclic female rats. Doses of 250, 500 and 1000 ng LRH were injected ip on pro-oestrus at 15.30 h in rats either pre-treated with 5 mg TP on dioestrus II at 10.00 h or injected with 30 mg/kg pentobarbital (PB) at 13.00 h. LH release induced within 30 min by LRH was higher in PB than in TP-treated rats. Even by using 250 ng LRH full ovulation was observed on the morning of oestrus in PB-treated rats. On the other hand, only partial ovulation occurred whatever the dose of LRH used in TP-treated rats; a great number of luteinized follicles was shown to be constantly associated with post-ovulatory corpora lutea. While LRH caused a significant FSH release (30 min later) in TP-treated rats, no FSH release could be shown in PB-treated rats. The pituitary FSH content appeared to be decreased and the pituitary LH content remained unchanged while a sharp increase in both blood FSH and LH concentrations occurred following injection of 1000 ng LRH in TP-treated rats. Concomitantly a sharp decrease in the number of pituitary gonadotrophs (AB-PAS+) was observed. A significant decrease in the number of the small roundshaped PAS positive cells was also observed. The mechanisms whereby TP influences the function of the pituitary-ovarian axis are discussed in the light of these results.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antipyretic, Myorelaxant, Antibacterial and Antifungal activity of Rabdosia rugosus Wall. (Syn. Plectranthus rugosus Wall.)

1970 ◽  
pp. 08-15
Author(s):  
Prakash Singh, Ravendra Kumar ◽  
Om Prakash, Anil Kumar Pant ◽  
Mahesh Kumar ◽  
Valary A. Isidorov, Lech Szczepaniak
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

For the present investigation Rabdosia rugosus Wall. Syn. Plectranthus rugosus Wall.  was collected from Pancheshwar, Uttarakhand on the way to Badrinath. The GC and GC-MS analysis, revealed the presence of more than forty compounds out of which 35 compounds were identified amounting to 97.3% of the total oil. The essential oil of R. rugosus was rich in sesquiterpinoids (~90%) and was poor in monoterpenoids (8.1%). α-bisabolol (41.9%) was the major constituent of the oil and the other identified major compounds were germacrene-D (9.7%), β-caryophyllene (7.6%), dehydroabietane (5.2%), ar-curcumene (5.0), trans-ferruginol (3.3%) α-cadinol (3.2%), τ-muurolol (2.3%),   p-Cymene (3.2%) and  γ-terpinene (2.0%). The  essential  oil  of  Rabdosia rugosus showed insignificant  anti-inflammatory  and  analgesic  activity  but  shows  significant  antipyretic,   myorelaxant and  antimicrobial activity.

Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oils from Some Species of the Genus Pinus

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 478-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosława Krauze-Baranowska ◽  
Marek Mardarowicz ◽  
Marian Wiwart ◽  
Loretta Pobłocka ◽  
Maria Dynowska
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
The Other ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Growth Of Fungi

The chemical composition of the essential oils from the needles of Pinus ponderosa (north american pine), P. resinosa (red pine) and P. strobus (eastern white pine) has been determined by GC/MS (FID). The essential oils from P. resinosa and P. ponderosa in comparison to P. strobus have been characterized by the higher content of β-pinene (42.4%, 45.7% and 7.9% respectively). On the other hand, α-pinene (17.7%) and germacrene D (12.2%) were dominant compounds of P. strobus. Moreover the essential oil from P. resinosa was more rich in myrcene-15.9%. Estragole and Δ-3-carene, each one in amount ca 8% were identified only in P. ponderosa. The content of essential oils in the needles slightly varied - 0.65% - P. resinosa, 0.4% - P. strobus, 0.3% - P. ponderosa. The antifungal activity has been investigated towards Fusarium culmorum, F. solani and F. poae. The strongest activity was observed for the essential oil from P. ponderosa, which fully inhibited the growth of fungi at the following concentrations - F. culmorum, F. solani at 2% and F. poae at 5%.

Comparative morphology of the male terminalia of the subtribe Rhinotorina (Diptera, Heleomyzidae, Rhinotorini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2736 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIA C. ALMEIDA ◽  
ROSALY ALE-ROCHA
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diagnostic Feature ◽  
Ventral Plate ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Information ◽  
As Species ◽  
Promising Source

The Rhinotorini (Diptera, Heleomyzidae) are currently divided into three subtribes, which were considered as monophyletic groups. Rhinotorina, the main focus of this study includes Rhinotora Schiner, Apophoneura Malloch, Neorhinotora Lopes, and Rhinotoroides Lopes. This study is aimed to provide a hypothesis of homology among the structures of the male terminalia of the four genera of Rhinotorina, as well as to reassess the diagnostic features proposed by D. McAlpine for the subtribe, and to furnish new information about the morphology of these structures, particularly of the hypopygium. Species of the four genera of Rhinotorina were studied, as well as species of other subtribes of Rhinotorini. The putative synapomorphies for the Rhinotorina stated by D. McAlpine are considered here to be consistent, being observed in the four genera included in the present study. The hypopygium in Rhinotorina, in contrast, is very variable, and the study of its structures has added only one diagnostic feature to Rhinotorina: the presence of a ventral plate on the hypandrium. The degree of variation is not equivalent among the structures of the hypopygium: the surstyli are the most variable structures in Neorhinotora, and are very useful to diagnose species, and the shape of the epandrium, bacilliform sclerites, cerci, phallus, ejaculatory apodeme, phallapodeme, and hypandrium are very conservative in this genus. In Rhinotora, on the other hand, whereas the cerci, surstyli, phallus, phallapodeme, and postgonites vary widely among the species, the shapes of the bacilliform sclerites and the ejaculatory apodeme are relatively constant. The comparisons made among the male terminalia of Rhinotorina suggest that this set of structures is a promising source of informative characters for future phylogenetic studies of Rhinotorini and Heleomyzidae.

scholarly journals Essential Oil Compositions of Three Lantana Species from Monteverde, Costa Rica

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley B. Walden ◽  
William A. Haber ◽  
William N. Setzer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Derivatives ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Leaf Oil

The leaf essential oils of three species of Lantana from Monteverde, Costa Rica ( L. camara, L. velutina, and L. hirta) were obtained by hydrodistillation and the chemical compositions determined by GC-MS analysis. The principal components of L. velutina were limonene (21.4%), ( E)-caryophyllene (23.4%) and bicyclogermacrene (8.2%). The leaf oil composition of L. hirta was relatively simple, containing mostly 1-octen-3-ol (64.6%), germacrene D (24.5%), and ( E)-caryophyllene (10.9%). Two different samples of L. camara, however, yielded vastly different leaf oil compositions; one was dominated by sesquiterpenes, ( E)-caryophyllene (30.3%), γ-muurolene (27.2%), bicyclogermacrene (24.4%) and β-elemene (14.2%); the second sample, on the other hand, was composed largely of fatty acid-derivatives, ( Z)-3-hexenol and 1-octen-3-ol. The very different compositions for L. camara are consistent with the wide diversity of chemical compositions observed in previous reports for this species.

THE RESPONSE OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX TO PSYCHIC STRESS AFTER MEPROBAMATE TREATMENT

1959 ◽  
Vol XXXII (I) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mäkelä ◽  
E. Näätänen ◽  
U. K. Rinne
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Blocking Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Other Hand

ABSTRACT A study has been made of the effect of acute as well as chronic meprobamate treatment on the adrenal ascorbic acid depletion caused by psychic stress, and of the effect of meprobamate treatment on the adrenal cortex. The results obtained in this work indicate that meprobamate is able under acute experimental conditions to inhibit the ascorbic acid depletion caused by psychic stress although in the meprobamate plus psychic stress group the adrenal ascorbic acid quantity was highly significantly less than in the controls. During chronic treatment, again, adaptation occurs, causing the blocking effect of meprobamate to cease after 11 to 14 days' treatment. It was found, on the other hand, that meprobamate treatment alone stimulates the adrenal cortex in intact as well as unilaterally adrenalectomized animals. The possible mechanisms of action are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect Of Genotype, Age And Season On Hatchability Of Egg

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
SS Islam ◽  
MB Hossain ◽  
MKA Khan
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Winter Monsoon ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Group ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Hatching Eggs

The study was conducted to study the effects of genotype and age of hen and hatching season on hatchability of egg. Hatching eggs were collected from hens having three genotypes viz. White Leghorn (WLH), Rhode Island Red (RIR) and Fayoumi covering three age groups (28 to 40, 41 to 60 and 61 weeks & above) at winter, monsoon and summer seasons. The study revealed that the highest (P<0.05) average hatchability was observed in winter (78.62%) followed by monsoon (76.70%) and summer (75.79%). Among different genotypes the highest (P<0.001) hatchability was found in Fayoumi (78.34%) followed by White Leghorn (76.48%) and Rhode Island Red (74.59%). Considering the age of hen, highest (P<0.05) hatchability was found in the age group between 41 to 60 weeks (77.99%) followed by 61 weeks and above (76.49%) and 28 to 40 weeks (75.71%) of age. From the findings it can be concluded that the winter season was suitable for hatching of eggs and the performance of Fayoumi hen was better in terms of hatchability of egg. On the other hand, the age of hen between 41 to 60 weeks was better for producing hatching eggs. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v37i1.9863 BJAS 2008; 37(1): 17-22

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