scholarly journals Linking Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Natural Diet with Brain Size of Wild Consumers

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libor Zavorka ◽  
Magnus Lovén Wallerius ◽  
Martin Kainz ◽  
Johan Höjesjö
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Natural Prey ◽  
Muscle Tissues

Abstract Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) are key structural lipids and their dietary intake is essential for brain development of virtually all vertebrates. The importance of n-3 LC-PUFA has been demonstrated in clinical and laboratory studies, but little is known about how differences in availability of n-3 LC-PUFA in natural prey influence brain development of wild consumers. The numerous consumers foraging on the interface of aquatic and terrestrial food webs can differ substantially in their intake of n-3 LC-PUFA, which may lead to differences in brain development, yet, this hypothesis remains to be tested. Here we use the previously demonstrated shift towards higher reliance on n-3 LC-PUFA deprived terrestrial prey of native brown trout Salmo trutta living in sympatry with invasive brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis to explore this hypothesis. We found that the content of n-3 LC-PUFA in muscle tissues of brown trout decreased with increasing consumption of n-3 LC-PUFA deprived terrestrial prey. Brain volume was positively related to content of the n-3 LC-PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid, in muscle tissues of brown trout. Our study thus suggests that increased reliance on low quality diet of n-3 LC-PUFA deprived subsidies can have a significant negative impact on brain development of wild trout. Our findings are important, because ongoing global change is predicted to reduce the availability of dietary n-3 LC-PUFA across food webs and we showed here a first evidence of how brain of wild vertebrate consumers response to scarcity of n-3 LC-PUFA content in natural prey.

scholarly journals Linking brain size in wild stream-dwelling brown trout with dietary supply of omega-3 fatty acids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libor Závorka ◽  
Magnus Lovén Wallerius ◽  
Martin J. Kainz ◽  
Johan Höjesjö
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Natural Prey ◽  
Muscle Tissues

1. Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) are key structural lipids and their dietary intake is essential for brain development of virtually all vertebrates. The importance of n-3 LC-PUFA has been demonstrated in clinical and laboratory studies, but little is known about how differences in availability of n-3 LC-PUFA in natural prey influence brain development of wild consumers. The availability of n-3 LC-PUFA in the prey communities is driven by primary producers and it is therefore distributed heterogeneously, but predictably across ecosystems, being higher in aquatic than in terrestrial food webs. Consequently, the numerous consumers foraging on the interface of aquatic and terrestrial food webs can differ substantially in their intake of n-3 LC-PUFA, which may lead to in brain development, yet, this hypothesis still remains to be tested. 2. Here we use the previously demonstrated shift towards higher reliance on n-3 LC-PUFA deprived terrestrial prey of native brown troutSalmo trutta living in sympatry with invasive brook troutSalvelinus fontinalis to explore this hypothesis. 3. We found that the content of n-3 LC-PUFA in muscle tissues of brown trout decreased with increasing consumption of n-3 LC-PUFA deprived terrestrial prey. Brain volume was positively related to content of the n-3 LC-PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid, in muscle tissues of brown trout. 4. Our study thus suggests that increased reliance on low quality diet of n-3 LC-PUFA deprived subsidies from terrestrial food web can have a significant negative impact on brain development of wild trout. These findings provide the first evidence of an intra-specific link between n-3 LC-PUFA content in natural prey and brain size of wild vertebrate consumers. 5. Ongoing global change is predicted to reduce the availability of dietary n-3 LC-PUFA across food webs. Therefore, our findings emphasise the need for further research on how wild consumers adapt to the shortage of dietary n-3 LC-PUFA in order to maintain optimal development and functioning of their brain, which is crucial for their fitness.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of polyunsaturated fatty acids efficacy in adolescents with anorexia nervosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Agnieszka M. Piróg-Balcerzak ◽  
Anna K. Bażyńska ◽  
Katarzyna Biernacka ◽  
Joanna Brągoszewska ◽  
Lidia Popek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Eating Attitude ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Eat 26

Objective. Omega–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were tested in adolescent depression and in several neurodevelopmental disorders with partial success. Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterised by deficiencies in fatty food intake and frequent comorbidity, including depressive and cognitive symptoms. Thus supplementation with PUFAs may be beneficial in this group of patients. The aim of the study was to assess whether PUFAs as an add-on treatment is associated with better improvement of body mass index (BMI) and psychopathological symptoms than placebo in patients with AN. Method. 61 female adolescent inpatients with AN were randomly allocated to omega–3 PUFAs supplementation or placebo for 10 weeks. Patients also participated in the behavioural programme and eclectic psychotherapy (treatment as usual, TAU). At baseline and follow-up visits, patients’ BMI and psychopathology were assessed with Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI), Patient Global Impression Scale (PGI), and Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26). Results. After 10 weeks, both groups showed improvement in all parameters. Improvement in CGI scores was observed greater in placebo vs. PUFA-s group (p = 0.015) while other differences were not statistically significant. Omega–3 PUFAs supplementation appears not to be effective as an add-on treatment in inpatient adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. Conclusions. The results should be analysed with caution due to small sample size and heterogeneity in TAU. As the TAU turned out to be highly effective, additional therapeutic effect of PUFA might not be visible. Nevertheless, that does not explain the tendency for better improvement in the placebo group.

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1162-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaipeng Jing ◽  
Tong Wu ◽  
Kyu Lim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

scholarly journals Dietary soluble flaxseed oils as a source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for laying hens

2021 ◽  
pp. 101276
Author(s):  
Sang Hyeok Lee ◽  
Yoo Bhin Kim ◽  
Da-Hye Kim ◽  
Dong-Won Lee ◽  
Hong-Gu Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Omega 3

scholarly journals Regulation of hepatic coenzyme Q biosynthesis by dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Redox Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 102061
Author(s):  
Lucía Fernández-del-Río ◽  
Sandra Rodríguez-López ◽  
Elena Gutiérrez-Casado ◽  
José Antonio González-Reyes ◽  
Catherine F. Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Coenzyme Q ◽  
Omega 3

Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplements on psychopathology and metabolic parameters in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-235
Author(s):  
Kah K Goh ◽  
Cynthia Yi-An Chen ◽  
Chun-Hsin Chen ◽  
Mong-Liang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background: Several monotherapy and augmentation strategies have been introduced to improve the treatment of schizophrenia. The benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with mental disorders is becoming increasingly acknowledged. However, its role in the treatment of schizophrenia raises complex considerations about which there has been little consensus. The aim of this study was to synthesize the findings of randomized controlled trials that were conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant literature. The primary outcome was changes in psychopathology and the secondary outcomes were changes in metabolic parameters and safety profiles. Results: Twenty double-blind randomized controlled trials in 1494 patients were included. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids augmentation was associated with significantly improved psychopathology in patients with schizophrenia, particularly general psychopathology and positive symptoms but not negative symptoms. Patients who were severely ill and received omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids containing eicosapentaenoic acid >1 g/d showed significant improvement. A favorable effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplements on serum triglycerides was also demonstrated. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are well-tolerated and safe in patients with schizophrenia. Conclusions: These findings tentatively support the use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as a potential augmentation strategy in schizophrenia. Further research in larger samples is warranted to clarify the optimal dosage and the correct proportions of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to administer, together with elucidation of the underlying mechanisms.

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