HEALTH ORIENTATION AND DISORDERED EATING ATTITUDE IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS)

Reproductive medicine in the field of health psychology deals with the psychological aspects of the reproductive system and its consequences. Reproductive medicine provides an opportunity to understand the process of the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, hormonal conditions and illnesses, sexual behaviour, menopause by not merely from a biological point of view but also in light of psychological and social processes. Aline to this view, the study explored health orientation and disordered eating attitude in women diagnosed with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). The study captured the health-related behavior and attitude, which is a key component of the development of psychological distress in PCOS. It also examined the differences for the same in PCOS and Non-PCOS women. Total of eighty women, from the age group of 18-30 (young adults) were included in the study. The results highlighted, a significant difference among PCOS and Non-PCOS women on health image concern, health anxiety, health esteem and confidence, health expectations and health status. Finding also implied that there was a significant difference in disordered eating attitude of women diagnosed with PCOS and healthy women. These findings could have a significant implication for prevention, clinical practice and intervention in women with PCOS. The incorporation of medical and psychological actions to enhance their health-related quality of life may help these women.

Chocolate craving: does it affect eating attitude and body mass index?

Purpose Some kinds of foods, by producing an effect like addiction, may trigger overeating. This paper aims to investigate whether excessive chocolate consumption and hunger cause food addiction. Design/methodology/approach Food cravings questionnaire-trait-reduced (FCQ-T-r), food cravings questionnaire-state (FCQ-S) and eating attitude test-26 (EAT-26) scales were used. The relation between chocolate addiction, anthropometric measurements, demographic characteristics, eating behavior of the people were analyzed. The study was conducted on 864 individuals between 17 and 64 years old (men = 327, women = 537). Findings As the body mass index (BMI) of the individuals increased, chocolate craving, chocolate hunger, thought of eating chocolate, lack of control of chocolate increased. Also, significant correlations were determined with BMI, respectively, (r = 0.39; r = 0.32; r = 0.33; r = 0.29; p < 0.001). The lack of control overeating chocolate, craving for chocolate was found to be higher in female participants than in male participants. It was seen that craving for chocolate decreases (r = −0.17; p < 0.001) with increasing age; this was more apparent in male participants compared to female participants. Besides, significant correlation was found (r = 0.76, p < 0.05) between the EAT-26, the craving to eat chocolate in this study. It was seen that individual, who were excessively eager to consume chocolate, exhibited abnormal eating behavior (29.50 ± 12.09). This showed that there is a positive relation (r = 0.08, p < 0.001) between food addiction, eating attitude disorder. Originality/value Food craving increases the consumption of food, especially chocolate, sugar, with high carbohydrate content and energy. This can lead to overeating and being overweight.

Insatisfacción corporal y trastornos de conducta alimentaria en gimnastas: revisión sistemática (Body dissatisfaction and eating disorders in gymnasts: a systematic review)

Introducción: En los deportes gimnásticos ciertas medidas morfológicas como el peso, un índice de masa corporal (IMC) y un porcentaje de grasa bajo adquieren importancia para el éxito deportivo. La preocupación excesiva por estos factores o alteración de la Imagen Corporal (IC), puede llevar a estos gimnastas a padecer Trastornos de Conducta Alimentaria (TCA). Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue analizar los TCA y la IC en practicantes de deportes gimnásticos mediante una revisión sistemática. Material y método: Siguiendo la lista de verificación “PRISMA” se realizó la búsqueda en cinco bases de datos electrónicas (WOS, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus y Google Scholar), de estudios transversales en inglés, español y portugués publicados desde enero del 2000 hasta diciembre del 2020. La selección fue realizada por tres investigadores en dos etapas (cribado y aplicación de criterios de elegibilidad). Se registraron edad, sexo, tamaño muestral, calidad metodológica, variables, instrumento y resultados en 16 artículos que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: El 56,25% de los estudios resaltan la insatisfacción corporal, así como el riesgo de padecer TCA en gimnastas de mayor nivel competitivo, resultando como factores causantes fundamentalmente la insatisfacción corporal y la presión del entorno sobre todo en el periodo de la adolescencia. El instrumento más utilizado fue Eating Attitude Test 26 (EAT-26) (75%). Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos indican que existe gran riesgo en gimnastas de padecer TCA, destacando la aparición en categorías superiores, siendo una de las principales causas, la distorsión e insatisfacción con la IC. Abstract. Introduction: In gymnastic sports, certain morphological measures such as weight, body mass index (BMI) and low-fat percentage are important for sporting success. Excessive preoccupation with these factors, or altered Body Image (BI), can lead to eating disorders (ED) in gymnasts. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyse ED and CI in gymnastics athletes through a systematic review. Material and methods: Following the "PRISMA" checklist, five electronic databases (WOS, PubMed, Sports Discuss, Scopus and Google Scholar) were searched for cross-sectional studies in English, Spanish and Portuguese published from January 2000 to December 2020 Selection was performed by three investigators in two stages (screening and application of eligibility criteria). Age, sex, sample size, methodological quality, variables, instrument and results were recorded in 16 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Results: 56.25% of the studies highlight body dissatisfaction, as well as the risk of suffering from ED in gymnasts at a higher competitive level, with body dissatisfaction and environmental pressure being the main causal factors, especially in the adolescent period. The most commonly used instrument was the Eating Attitude Test 26 (EAT-26) (75%). Conclusion: The results obtained indicate that gymnasts are at high risk of suffering from BAD, with a high incidence in the higher categories, one of the main causes being distortion and dissatisfaction with the CI.

Assessment of the Relationship Between Thinness Expectations, Body Satisfaction and Eating Attitude and Behavior

Background: Body dissatisfaction is more common in adolescents and its prevalence is increasing in developed and developing countries. These situation is associated with unhealthy dieting behaviors. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between thinness expectations, body satisfaction, and eating attitudes and behaviors in interpersonal interaction.Method: This study was conducted on 372 university students. The survey form was prepared using the Google Surveys Program. In the questionnaire form, there are sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, Interpersonal Outcome Expectancies for Thinness (IOET), Nutritional Changes Process Scale (NCPS), and Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ).Result: There was no statistically significant difference in the mean total scores of the IOET, BSQ, and NCPS scales according to gender (p > 0.05). According to the NCPS scale sub-dimensions, it was determined that the means scores of dramatic relief and social liberation were higher in females than males (p < 0.05). However, the mean scores of reinforcement management, stimulus control, interpersonal control systems, and substance abuse were lower in females than males (p < 0.05). In addition, when the distribution of thinness was examined in the relationships with family, other family members, teachers, friends, colleagues, and foreigners according to gender, it was determined that there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). The findings show that there were moderate and strong positive correlations between the total score of BSQ and NCPS, and IOET total scores, respectively (p < 0.05).Conclusion: According to the study results, body shape is important in interpersonal relationships among university students and body dissatisfaction may be related to eating behaviors.

Examining Eating Attitudes and Behaviors in Collegiate Athletes, the Association Between Orthorexia Nervosa and Eating Disorders

Purpose: Orthorexia nervosa (Orthorexia) is an eating attitude and behavior associated with a fixation on healthy eating, while eating disorders (EDs) are clinically diagnosed psychiatric disorders associated with marked disturbances in eating that may cause impairment to psychosocial and physical health. The purpose of this study was to examine risk for Orthorexia and EDs in student-athletes across sex and sport type and determine the association between the two.Methods: Student-athletes (n = 1,090; age: 19.6 ± 1.4 years; females = 756; males = 334) completed a survey including demographics, the ORTO-15 test (&lt;40 and &lt;35 threshold values), the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26; &gt;20 score), and additional questions about pathogenic behaviors to screen for EDs.Results: Using a &lt;40 threshold value for the ORTO-15, 67.9% were at risk for Orthorexia, a more restrictive threshold value of &lt;35 determined 17.7% prevalence across student-athletes with significant differences across sex [ &lt;40: χ(1,1,090)2 = 4.914, p = 0.027; &lt;35: χ(1,1,090)2 = 5.923, p = 0.015). Overall, ED risk (EAT-26 and/or pathogenic behavior use) resulted in a 20.9% prevalence, with significant differences across sex (χ2 = 11.360, p &lt; 0.001) and sport-type category (χ2 = 10.312, p = 0.035). Multiple logistic regressions indicated a significant association between EAT-26 subscales scores and Orthorexia, and between Orthorexia positivity, ORTO-15 scores, and risk for EDs.Conclusions: Risk for Orthorexia and ED is present in collegiate student-athletes. While healthy and balanced eating is important, obsessive healthy eating fixations may increase the risk for EDs in athletes. More education and awareness are warranted to minimize the risk for Orthorexia and EDs in student-athletes.

The Influence of Parents Feeding Practices, Eating Knowledge, and Attitude on Eating Behavior among Senior High School Students in South Tangerang, Indonesia

BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to early adulthood, an important period because of the rapid development of reproductive organs. The quality of adolescent food consumption in South Tangerang City in 2018 was not appropriate because of consumption less fiber, fruit, and vegetables, consuming foods high in sugar, fast food, and skipping meals, and consuming snacks outside the home. Adolescent eating behavior was also determined through knowledge information and attitude about food originated from parents’ feeding practices that influenced adolescent eating behavior. AIM: This study aims to determine the effect of parents’ feeding practices, eating knowledge, and attitude on eating behavior among senior high school students in South Tangerang. METHODS: The study involved 503 high school students who were selected purposively using the online data collection through convenience sampling technique. The design of this study used a cross-sectional study through an online self-administered method with the help of a questionnaire. Path analysis is used to see the direct and indirect effects using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 25.0. RESULTS: The influence test results show that parents feeding practices (PX1 = 0.318*), eating knowledge (PX2 = 0.158*), and eating attitudes (PX3 = *0.022) directly affect students eating behavior. CONCLUSION: There was a significant effect of parents’ feeding practices, knowledge, and eating attitude on the eating behavior.

Adverse Effect of Emotional Eating Developed During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthy Nutrition, a Vicious Circle: A cross-sectional descriptive study

Introduction: Because of the new type of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) seen worldwide, many countries have a difficult time both in terms of health and economy. It is thought that infection and fear of death owing to the disease may cause a disturbance in the individuals’ psychology. Moreover, precautions such as social distancing and quarantine to prevent the spread of the disease and the prolongation of these interventions may further aggravate the conditions, such as mood disorders and stress. This study was aimed to determine the emotional eating status of individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic and to determine its effect on a healthy eating attitude.Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with a total number of 578 adults without COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment (422 [73%] women, 156 [27%] men). The study was conducted using the Google Forms web survey platform. The link to the survey was shared via WhatsApp and Instagram. The participants were asked to share the study link to reach out to as many potential participants as possible throughout the nation using the method known as snowball sampling. A questionnaire form which includes sociodemographic characteristics, the Turkish version of the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ-TR), and the Attitude Scale for Healthy Nutrition (ASHN) were applied to the participants. EEQ-TR and ASHN forms were answered twice, retrospectively for the pre-COVID period and prospectively during the COVID period.Results: While average emotional eating scores increased compared to pre-COVID-19 scores, individuals shifted from low-level emotional eaters to emotional eaters (p < 0.000). On the other hand, the average ASHN scores decreased, and individuals shifted from the middle-level healthy eating attitude to a low level (p < 0.000). As the quarantine period increased, emotional eating, body weight, and body mass index (BMI) increased, and healthy eating attitude decreased (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Individuals’ emotional eating increased due to social distancing, self-quarantine, or isolation in the COVID-19 pandemic. These changes are found to be effective in healthy eating in a negative way. Long-term unhealthy eating is not recommended for people’s health. Therefore, it is necessary to inform individuals about stress management, healthy nutrition, the importance of regular exercise, and sleep patterns.

Prevalence of Eating Disorders and Alexithymia among a sample of Egyptian Medical Students Not Attending Psychiatric Clinics

Background Eating disorders are prevalent psychiatric disorders and a major Public health burden worldwide, having huge impact on physical and mental health, The student population seems to be vulnerable to eating disorders, but is this in relation to their ability to express their emotions or alexithymia? Aim of the work To evaluate the relationship between alexithymia and eating disorders. Subjects and methods this is a cross sectional study done on a stratified random sample of 575 medical students in Ain- Shams University, started from 2018 till July 2019, those with history of chronic physical or mental illness were excluded, all students were subjected to Designed clinical sheet for demographic data, Arabic version of Eating Attitude Test -26 (EAT-26) as screening tool for eating disturbances in non-clinical populations and Arabic version of Toronto scale 20 to measure alexithymia. Results our study revealed disordered eating 12.3% among the study sample, alexithymia 24.4% and significant variation in scores of eating disorder according to alexithymia scores. Conclusion our study revealed positive correlation between eating disorders and alexithymia consistently with hypothesis of emotional regulation deficits in eating disorders.

Eating Disorders and Nutritional Status of College Girls in Ludhiana City, Punjab (India)

Eating disorders and overweight are notable health issues, which are increasing day by day among young adults. Therefore, the study was conducted to evaluate the extent and type of eating disorders among college girls. A sample of 500 college girls in the age group of 18-25 years was randomly selected from five colleges of Ludhiana city, Punjab. Eating disorders were assessed by using Eating Attitude Test (EAT) questionnaire and subjects were categorized into two groups - With Eating Disorders (WED) and Without Eating Disorders (WOED). Prevalence of eating disorders among college girls on basis of EAT scale was 46 percent with higher mean scores of oral control (15.86±6.29) followed by dieting (13.17±8.47), bulimia, and food preoccupation (3.86±1.98). The correlation coefficient showed positive associations of eating disorders with body mass index. This study suggested formulating nutrition and health fitness clubs in colleges to create awareness and practices regarding diet, exercise, and yoga.