Steinernema Feltiae- Xenorhabdus Bovienii: More Information about this Bactohelminthic Complex from Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimia Kuhestani ◽  
Javad Karimi ◽  
Ali Makhdomi
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Symbiotic Bacterium ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Rdna Genes ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Control Insect

Abstract Background: Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae that are symbiotically associated with Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria are one of the effective biological control agents of insect pests. Native isolates can probably be more efficacious to control insect pests than exotic ones due to their adaptability to indigenous environmental conditions. Results: In this study, Steinernema feltiae isolate FUM221 was recovered from soil samples collected from the Fandoghloo pasture, Ardabil province, Iran. Morphological investigations of the first and second-generation adults, infective juveniles, and molecular characterizations were given based on ITS and 18S rDNA genes. Besides, molecular analysis based on the 16S rRNA region and phenetic data recognized Xenorhabdus bovienii as its symbiont bacterium. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images verified the identification of this isolate.Conclusion: The molecular characterization using two loci and phylogenetic analyses provided more evidence for the classification of this steinernematid and its difference of the same species from other countries. Moreover, molecular and phenetic characterizations of its symbiotic bacterium were provided with low variations compared to other isolates. Herein, the comprehensive taxonomic data of this steinernematid from Iran is presented.

scholarly journals Intraspecific variation among isolates of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae from Bull Island, Ireland

Nematology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Downes ◽  
Conor Meade ◽  
Stephen Boyle ◽  
Alec Rolston ◽  
Thomae Kakouli-Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Host Insect ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Control Insect

AbstractThe application of large numbers of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) to control insect pests of agriculture is likely to have an impact on the local EPN fauna, yet little is known about the intraspecific relationships between EPN populations, particularly with regard to phylogeny and outbreeding. Here we assess the fitness, with regards to fecundity, host insect mortality and time taken to produce progeny, of isolates of Steinernema feltiae from Bull Island, Ireland. Exon-primed, intron-crossing (EPIC) PCR was used to examine intraspecific phylogenies between S. feltiae isolates, and identified up to three possible colonisation events of Bull Island. EPIC-PCR grouped two isolates, 33.D.(2) and 59.F.(2), separately from the remaining ten S. feltiae isolates These same two isolates consistently performed poorly in all fitness assessments. Following the crossbreeding of all isolates in Galleria mellonella, the number of host cadavers exhibiting emerging infective juveniles was significantly fewer than expected and there were significant differences between isolates in the number of days until progeny were observed. Host insect mortality varied between 40 and 87%. Such intraspecific variation may be a result of adaptation to different microhabitats of Bull Island, which in turn may be accentuated by laboratory culture practices.

scholarly journals Virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae) to spittlebug Mahanarva spectabilis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elder Simões de Paula Batista ◽  
Alexander Machado Auad ◽  
Vanessa Andaló ◽  
Caio Márcio de Oliveira Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Pathogenic Agent ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Control Insect ◽  
New Strategies

The spittlebug can seriously limit the production of forage, and the use of chemical products to control insect pests is costly and can harm the environment. Thus, there is a need to reduce the reliance on chemical agents by developing new strategies. The virulence of nine strains of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) to spittlebugs was investigated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Fourth/fifth-instar nymphs of Mahanarva spectabilis were exposed to EPNs in the laboratory and the most virulent strains were applied on the nymphs in the greenhouse at concentrations of 2,000 and 4,000 EPNs/mL. The efficacy of the pathogenic agent was confirmed by the dissection of dead hosts. All the tested strains were pathogenic to the M. spectabilis nymphs in laboratory, particularly Steinernema carpocapsae, S. feltiae, S. riobrave and Heterorhabditis amazonensis RSC1, each of which caused nymph mortality higher than 80%. The concentration did not influence the efficiency of the strains, and those selected in the laboratory had similar efficiency in the greenhouse, except for S. carpocapsae, which was not as effective as the others. Entomopathogenic nematodes can be included in integrated pest management programs to M. spectabilis.

scholarly journals Virulence comparisons of high-temperature-adapted Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema feltiae and S. carpocapsae

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Susurluk ◽  
T. C. Ulu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Environmentally Safe

Summary Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are environmentally safe alternative control agents. Nematodes in the Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae families are widely used in biological control frameworks, especially for soil-inhabiting insect pests. In this experiment, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1976), Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev, 1934) and S. carpocapsae (Weiser, 1955) adapted at high temperature were assessed in order to detect differences in virulence between adapted and non-adapted populations. All species were exposed to 38 °C for 2 h. After this treatment, live infective juveniles (IJs) were used to infect to last instar Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758). larvae at the following doses: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 IJs/larva. The LD50 and LD90 were obtained for these species. Non-adapted populations of the nematode species were used as controls for this experiment. The results indicated that differences in S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae virulence between the adapted and non-adapted populations were significant; no significant difference was observed between the adapted and non-adapted H. bacteriophora populations.

scholarly journals Bio-efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora against the Cabbage butterfly Pieris brassicae (L.), under laboratory conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasi Indra Kumar ◽  
Mohinder Singh ◽  
Kanchhi Maya Waiba ◽  
Sharma Monika ◽  
MA Waseem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Pieris Brassicae ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Cabbage Butterfly ◽  
Cabbage Pests

Abstract BACKGROUND: Keeping in view the serious health and environmental apprehensions associated with the use of pesticides, entomopathogenic nematodes have the potential to supersede larvicidal activity for the management of various insect pests. RESULT: The lab experiments were conducted to test the pathogenicity of two EPNs species S. feltiaeand H. bacteriophora at different (IJs/cm2) concentrations against cabbage pests. Based on the pathogenicity of strains, only two isolates effectively show larvicidal activity. The native isolate was obtained from soil samples, collected from Rajgarh, Hamachi Pradesh, India. Petri dish bioassay use nematodes S. feltiae HR1 and H. bacteriophora HR2 species dose (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160/ IJs/cm2). The highest (%) 2nd instar larval mortality was recorded in treatments with H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae @ 160 /IJs/cm-2 were (72.08, 67.42 percent). And 4th instar larval mortality was recorded in treatment with H. bacteriophora, and S. feltiae @ 160 /IJs/cm-2 were (85.38,69.50 percent). The next best treatments in order of their efficacy’s pupae mortality were H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae @ 160 /IJs/cm-2 (74.12, percent) both are seam result, H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae @ 80 /IJs/cm-2 (62.12, 58.58 percent). Larvicidal activity after 48- and 72-hours exposure, the S. feltiae and H. bacteriophora (1.0, 1.30, 1.60, 1.90, 2.20 /IJs/cm2) showed potent larvicidal activity with LC50, LC75 and LC90 of all instars and pupae show high mortality. The strain inhibits the larval and pupal development 48 to 72 hr exposer time with LC50 range from 11.30 to 39.94, LC75 18.15 to 73.54, LC90 61.80 to 99.21.CONCLUSION: These studies demonstrate the challenge for cabbage butterfly P. brassicae. The local indigenous strains of EPNs (S. feltiae HR1, H. bacteriophora HR2) as a good biocontrol agent against, cruciferous vegetables crop pest P. brassicae.

scholarly journals Nematobacterial Complexes and Insect Hosts: Different Weapons for the Same War

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Brivio ◽  
Maristella Mastore
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Insect Host ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Immune Pathways

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are widely used as biological control agents against insect pests, the efficacy of these organisms strongly depends on the balance between the parasitic strategies and the immune response of the host. This review summarizes roles and relationships between insect hosts and two well-known EPN species, Steinernema feltiae and Steinernema carpocapsae and outlines the main mechanisms of immune recognition and defense of insects. Analyzing information and findings about these EPNs, it is clear that these two species use shared immunosuppression strategies, mainly mediated by their symbiotic bacteria, but there are differences in both the mechanism of evasion and interference of the two nematodes with the insect host immune pathways. Based on published data, S. feltiae takes advantage of the cross reaction between its body surface and some host functional proteins, to inhibit defensive processes; otherwise, secretion/excretion products from S. carpocapsae seem to be the main nematode components responsible for the host immunosuppression.

scholarly journals Combined Effect of Entomopathogens against Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): Laboratory, Greenhouse and Field Trials

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
Sehrish Gulzar ◽  
Waqas Wakil ◽  
David I. Shapiro-Ilan
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Combined Application

Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is one of the most damaging insect pests of onions, Allium cepa L., which is an economically important agricultural crop cultivated worldwide. In this study, the combined application of entomopathogenic nematodes with entomopathogenic fungi against different soil dwelling stages of T. tabaci was evaluated. The nematodes included Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (VS strain) and Steinernema feltiae (SN strain), and fungi included Beauveria bassiana (WG-11) and Metarhizium anisopliae (WG-02); all four paired combinations (nematode + fungus) were included. In a small cup bioassay, only the combined application of H. bacteriophora and B. bassiana (WG-11) caused a synergistic interaction against pre-pupae, while all other combinations were compatible in an additive manner against pupae and late second instars. In a larger arena, a potted soil bioassay, again, combined applications of both pathogens produced greater mortality compared to single applications of each pathogen; all the combinations exhibited additive interactions, with the highest mortality observed in pre-pupae, followed by pupae and late second instar larvae using H. bacteriophora and B. bassiana (WG-11). Additionally, in the potted plant bioassay, lower adult emergence was observed from treated groups compared to control groups. Under field conditions, lower numbers of adults and larvae were found in treated groups relative to controls. Overall, the pre-pupal stage was more susceptible to the pathogen treatments, followed by pupae and late second instar larvae, and also combined applications of both pathogens suppressed the adult population. Combined application of entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi could be used for integrated pest management (IPM) of T. tabaci in onion production systems.

scholarly journals Bio-efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora against the Cabbage butterfly (Pieris brassicae [L.]) under laboratory conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Kumar Kasi ◽  
Mohinder Singh ◽  
Kanchhi Maya Waiba ◽  
S. Monika ◽  
M. A. Waseem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Pieris Brassicae ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Cabbage Butterfly ◽  
Local Species

Abstract Background Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have the potential to supersede larvicidal activity for the management of various insect pests. Result Lab experiments were conducted to test the pathogenicity of 2 EPNs local species; Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora at different (IJs/cm2) concentrations against the cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae (L.). The native isolate was obtained from soil samples, collected from Rajgarh, Hamachi Pradesh, India. Petri dish bioassay used the EPNs species (S. feltiae HR1 and H. bacteriophora HR2) at the concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 IJs/cm2). Based on the pathogenicity of the strains, only 2 isolates effectively showed larvicidal activity. The highest (%) (72.08 and 67.42%), at the 2nd instar larval mortality was recorded in the treatments with H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae at160 IJs/cm2, respectively. At the 4th instar larvae, respective larval mortality (85.38, 69.50%) was recorded in treatment with H. bacteriophora, and S. feltiae, respectively, at160 IJs/cm2. In case of pupae, the mortality rates were (62.12, 58.58%) for H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae, respectively, at 160 IJs/cm2; (74 and 12%) for both the tested EPNs, respectively, at 80 IJs/cm2. Percent of P. brassicae larval mortality treated with the tested EPN isolates was significantly higher than the untreated control. Results revealed that the percent of larval mortality significantly increased with the increase in time periods, being maximum at 72 h. S. feltiae and H. bacteriophora, strains showed potent larvicidal activity at low concentration even at 48 and 72 h of exposure. Conclusion This study revealed that the local strains of EPNs (S. feltiae HR1 and H. bacteriophora HR2) were found as a biocontrol agent against P. brassicae.

scholarly journals Toxicity and Biological Effects of Beauveria brongniartii Fe0 Nanoparticles against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 895
Author(s):  
Jing Xu ◽  
Kaihui Zhang ◽  
Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson ◽  
Cailian Du ◽  
Shaukat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Beauveria Brongniartii ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infection Period

Nanotechnology has clear potential in the development of innovative insecticidal products for the biorational management of major insect pests. Metal-based nanoparticles of different microbial pest control agents have been effective against several pests. Synthesis of Beauveria brongniartii based Fe0 nanoparticles (Fe0NPs) and their bio-efficacy against Spodoptera litura was observed during this study. Beauveria brongniartii conidia were coated with Fe0NPs and characterized by applying a selection of different analytical techniques. Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy showed the characteristic band of surface plasmon at 430 nm; Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed spherical shaped nanoparticles with a size ranging between 0.41 to 0.80 µm; Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectral analysis revealed characteristic Fe peaks at 6.5 and 7.1 Kev; the X-ray diffractogram showed three strong peaks at 2θ values of 45.72°, 64.47°, and 84.05°. The bioassay studies demonstrated that mortality of 2nd instar S. litura larvae following Fe0NPs treatment increased with increasing concentrations of Fe0NPs at different time intervals. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values of Fe0NPs against S. litura after seven days of fungal treatment was 59 ppm, whereas median survival time (LT50) values for 200 and 500 ppm concentrations of Fe0NPs against S. litura seven days post-treatment were 5.1 and 2.29 days, respectively. Beauveria brongniartii-Fe0NPs caused significant reductions in feeding and growth parameters (relative growth rate, relative consumption rate, and efficiency of conversion of ingested food) of S. litura. Beauveria brongniartii Fe0NPs induced reduction in glutathione-S-transferase activities throughout the infection period whereas activities of antioxidant enzymes decreased during later periods of infection. These findings suggest that B. brongniartii Fe0NPs can potentially be used in biorational S. litura management programs.

scholarly journals Molecular diversity and evolutionary trends of cysteine-rich peptides from the venom glands of Chinese spider Heteropoda venatoria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Luo ◽  
Yiying Ding ◽  
Zhihao Peng ◽  
Kezhi Chen ◽  
Xuewen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Sequence Tags ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Spider Venom ◽  
Evolutionary Trends ◽  
The Family ◽  
Venom Glands ◽  
Venom Evolution ◽  
Expressed Sequence

AbstractHeteropoda venatoria in the family Sparassidae is highly valued in pantropical countries because the species feed on domestic insect pests. Unlike most other species of Araneomorphae, H. venatoria uses the great speed and strong chelicerae (mouthparts) with toxin glands to capture the insects instead of its web. Therefore, H. venatoria provides unique opportunities for venom evolution research. The venom of H. venatoria was explored by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight and analyzing expressed sequence tags. The 154 sequences coding cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs) revealed 24 families based on the phylogenetic analyses of precursors and cysteine frameworks in the putative mature regions. Intriguingly, four kinds of motifs are first described in spider venom. Furthermore, combining the diverse CRPs of H. venatoria with previous spider venom peptidomics data, the structures of precursors and the patterns of cysteine frameworks were analyzed. This work revealed the dynamic evolutionary trends of venom CRPs in H. venatoria: the precursor has evolved an extended mature peptide with more cysteines, and a diminished or even vanished propeptides between the signal and mature peptides; and the CRPs evolved by multiple duplications of an ancestral ICK gene as well as recruitments of non-toxin genes.

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