scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Slows Brain Rhythms with more Severe Effects in Younger Individuals

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Saab ◽  
Helen Valsamis ◽  
Samah Baki ◽  
Jason Leung ◽  
Samer Ghosn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Cleveland Clinic ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Brain Rhythms ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Eeg Power

Abstract Coronavirus disease secondary to infection by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19 or C19) causes respiratory illness, as well as severe neurological symptoms that have not been fully characterized. In a previous study, we developed a computational pipeline for the automated, rapid, high-throughput and objective analysis of brain encephalography (EEG) rhythms. In this retrospective study, we used this pipeline to define the quantitative EEG changes in patients with a PCR-positive diagnosis of C19 (n=31) in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Cleveland Clinic, compared to a group of age-matched PCR-negative (n=38) control patients in the same ICU setting. Qualitative assessment of EEG by two independent teams of electroencephalographers confirmed prior reports with regards to the high prevalence of diffuse encephalopathy in C19 patients, although the diagnosis of encephalopathy was inconsistent between teams. Quantitative analysis of EEG showed distinct slowing of brain rhythms in C19 patients compared to control (enhanced delta power and attenuated alpha-beta power). Surprisingly, these C19-related changes in EEG power were more prominent in patients below age 70. Moreover, machine learning algorithms showed consistently higher accuracy in the binary classification of patients as C19 versus control using EEG power for subjects below age 70 compared to older ones, providing further evidence for the more severe impact of SARS-CoV-2 on brain rhythms in younger individuals irrespective of PCR diagnosis or symptomatology, and raising concerns over potential long-term effects of C19 on brain physiology in the adult population and the utility of EEG monitoring in C19 patients.

scholarly journals Rehabilitation Exergames: Use of Motion Sensing and Machine Learning to Quantify Exercise Performance in Healthy Volunteers

10.2196/17289 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e17289
Author(s):  
Reza Haghighi Osgouei ◽  
David Soulsby ◽  
Fernando Bello
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
General View ◽  
Skeleton Model ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
At Home

Background Performing physiotherapy exercises in front of a physiotherapist yields qualitative assessment notes and immediate feedback. However, practicing the exercises at home lacks feedback on how well patients are performing the prescribed tasks. The absence of proper feedback might result in patients performing the exercises incorrectly, which could worsen their condition. We present an approach to generate performance scores to enable tracking the progress by both the patient at home and the physiotherapist in the clinic. Objective This study aims to propose the use of 2 machine learning algorithms, dynamic time warping (DTW) and hidden Markov model (HMM), to quantitatively assess the patient’s performance with respect to a reference. Methods Movement data were recorded using a motion sensor (Kinect V2), capable of detecting 25 joints in the human skeleton model, and were compared with those of a reference. A total of 16 participants were recruited to perform 4 different exercises: shoulder abduction, hip abduction, lunge, and sit-to-stand exercises. Their performance was compared with that of a physiotherapist as a reference. Results Both algorithms showed a similar trend in assessing participant performance. However, their sensitivity levels were different. Although DTW was more sensitive to small changes, HMM captured a general view of the performance, being less sensitive to the details. Conclusions The chosen algorithms demonstrated their capacity to objectively assess the performance of physical therapy. HMM may be more suitable in the early stages of a physiotherapy program to capture and report general performance, whereas DTW could be used later to focus on the details. The scores enable the patient to monitor their daily performance. They can also be reported back to the physiotherapist to track and assess patient progress, provide feedback, and adjust the exercise program if needed.

Influence of the menopausal transition on polysomnographic sleep characteristics: A longitudinal analysis

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A Matthews ◽  
Laize Lee ◽  
Howard M Kravitz ◽  
Hadine Joffe ◽  
Genevieve Neal-Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Hot Flashes ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Menopausal Transition ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sleep Study ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Eeg Power

Abstract Study Objectives To evaluate how change in menopausal status related to spectral analysis and polysomnographic measures of sleep characteristics. Methods The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Ancillary Sleep Study evaluated sleep characteristics of 159 women who were initially pre- or early perimenopausal and repeated the assessment about 3 ½ years later when 38 were pre- or early perimenopausal, 31 late perimenopausal, and 90 postmenopausal. Participants underwent in-home ambulatory polysomnography for 2 to 3 nights. Average EEG power in the delta and beta frequency bands was calculated during NREM and REM sleep, and sleep duration, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and apnea hypopnea index (AHI) were based on visually-scored sleep. Results The women who transitioned to postmenopause had increased beta NREM EEG power at the second assessment, compared to women who remained pre-or early premenopausal; no other sleep measures varied by change in menopausal status. In multivariate models the associations remained; statistical controls for self-reported hot flashes did not explain findings. In secondary analysis, NREM beta power at the second assessment was greater among women who transitioned into the postmenopause after adjustments for initial NREM beta power. Conclusions Sleep duration and WASO did not vary by menopause transition group across assessments. Consistent with prior cross-sectional analysis, elevated beta EEG power in NREM sleep was apparent among women who transitioned to postmenopause, suggesting that independent of self-reported hot flashes, the menopausal transition is associated with physiological hyperarousal during sleep.

Non-pharmacological methods in the treatment of resistant hypertension

Folia Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostadin N. Kichukov ◽  
Hristo V. Dimitrov ◽  
Lora K. Nikolova ◽  
Ivo S. Petrov ◽  
Maria P. Tokmakova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Resistant Hypertension ◽  
Renal Denervation ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Denervation ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Blood Pressure Targets

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Arterial hypertension is the most common chronic cardiovascular disease affecting about 25% of the adult population. Meta-analyses have demonstrated a linear relationship between blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular events. Resistant hypertension defined as failure to reach blood pressure targets despite treatment with three antihypertensive drugs including a diuretic represents a serious clinical problem. It has been estimated that it affects between 8.9% and 12.8% of all treated hypertensive subjects. In resistant hypertension the optimal blood pressure is illusive despite very well tailored therapy. OBJECTIVE: Management of resistant hypertension is exactly the fi eld where blood pressurecontrolling non-pharmacological methods fi t best. The present article aims at throwing light on these methods’ principles of action, on who the target patient groups are and the respective results. Two methods are especially reviewed here: the carotid barorefl ex stimulation and the transcatheter renal sympathetic denervation. Current results from the use of renal denervation suggest stable effi ciency of the method, the results becoming signifi cant 6 months after the procedure is applied and sustained for two years in the follow-up. As much as 90% of the treated patients respond to the procedure. The transcatheter renal denervation is associated with only 2.61% of procedural complications. The barorefl ex carotid stimulation, too, is known to produce a stable effect on blood pressure: the effect become obvious at 12 months in 88% of the treated subjects. The neurologic complications associated with the procedure are reported to occur in 4.4% of cases. CONCLUSION: The present review article clearly demonstrates that non-pharmacological methods for treatment of resistant hypertension show great promise despite some open questions concerning their long term effects and procedural safety.

scholarly journals Increased Beta Activity Links to Impaired Emotional Control in ADHD Adults With High IQ

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 754-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Qihua Zhao ◽  
Fang Huang ◽  
Qingjiu Cao ◽  
Qiujin Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
Iq Method

Objective: The present study investigated the neuropathology of everyday-life executive function (EF) deficits in adults with ADHD with high IQ. Method: Forty adults with ADHD with an IQ ≥ 120 and 40 controls were recruited. Ecological EFs were measured, and eyes-closed Electroencephalograph (EEG) signals were recorded during a resting-state condition; EEG power and correlations with impaired EFs were analyzed. Results: Compared with controls, the ADHD group showed higher scores on all clusters of EF. The ADHD group showed globally increased theta, globally decreased alpha, and increased central beta activity. In the ADHD group, central beta power was significantly related to emotional control ratings, while no such correlation was evident in the control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that resting-state beta activity might be involved in the neuropathology of emotional control in adults with ADHD with high IQ.

scholarly journals Elevations in EEG Power Spectra During the Recall of Sport Failure Amongst University Athletes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ceccarelli ◽  
Ryan Jeffrey Giuliano
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stress ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
High Beta ◽  
University Athletes

Previously, we showed that university athletes demonstrate cardiac reactivity resembling an acute stress response while recalling a previous sport failure. Athletes who reported higher levels of self- compassion showed greater elevation of parasympathetic nervous system reactivity during recall of failure, and also showed more adaptive behavioural reactions, less maladaptive thoughts, and less negative affect during the task. Here, we analyzed changes in power spectra of the electroencephalogram (EEG) before, during, and after the recall of a previous sports failure, and whether individual differences in self-compassion or related constructs impact EEG changes during recall. Significant reactivity to, and recovery from, the recall task was observed across all EEG bandwidths: delta power decreased, and theta, low alpha, high alpha, low beta, and high beta power all increased from baseline to recall. Analogous EEG power changes were observed during recovery: delta power increased, while theta, low alpha, high alpha, low beta, and high beta power all decreased to baseline levels. Large gender differences were observed, with females generally showing greater EEG power across bandwidths during all phases of the experiment. Higher levels of self-compassion were associated with reduced theta power at baseline and during the recovery phase. Reactivity and recovery scores of EEG power were associated with self-reported self-esteem in the low alpha band: individuals reporting higher self-esteem showed greater increases in low alpha power during the recall task and greater decreases in low alpha power during recovery. These results are amongst the first to examine EEG power changes during experiences of acute stress and may have implications for improving how athletes recover from failures in sporting events.

scholarly journals Transcranial photobiomodulation and thermal stimulation induce distinct topographies of EEG alpha and beta power changes in healthy humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinlong Wang ◽  
Hashini Wanniarachchi ◽  
Anqi Wu ◽  
F. Gonzalez-Lima ◽  
Hanli Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stimulation ◽  
False Discovery Rate Correction ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
False Discovery ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Power Spectral Densities ◽  
Power Change ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
Eeg Alpha

AbstractOur recent study demonstrated that prefrontal transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) with 1064-nm laser enables significant changes in EEG rhythms, but these changes might result from the laser-induced heat rather than tPBM. This study hypothesized that tPBM-induced and heat-induced alterations in EEG power topography were significantly distinct. We performed two sets of measurements from two separate groups of healthy humans under tPBM (n = 46) and thermal stimulation (thermo_stim; n = 11) conditions. Each group participated in the study twice under true and respective sham stimulation with concurrent recordings of 64-channel EEG before, during, and after 8-min tPBM at 1064 nm or thermo_stim with temperature of 33–41 °C, respectively. After data preprocessing, EEG power spectral densities (PSD) per channel per subject were quantified and normalized by respective baseline PSD to remove the power-law effect. At the group level for each group, percent changes of EEG powers per channel were statistically compared between (1) tPBM vs light-stimulation sham, (2) thermo_stim vs heat-stimulation sham, and (3) tPBM vs thermo_stim after sham exclusion at five frequency bands using the non-parametric permutation tests. By performing the false discovery rate correction for multi-channel comparisons, we showed by EEG power change topographies that (1) tPBM significantly increased EEG alpha and beta powers, (2) the thermal stimulation created opposite effects on EEG power topographic patterns, and (3) tPBM and thermal stimulations induced significantly different topographies of changes in EEG alpha and beta power. Overall, this study provided evidence to support our hypothesis, showing that the laser-induced heat on the human forehead is not a mechanistic source causing increases in EEG power during and after tPBM.

scholarly journals Analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators of myocardial function for planning and evaluation of the surgical treatment results in patients with coronary heart disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Yu. L. Shevchenko ◽  
G. G. Borshchev ◽  
M. N. Vakhromeeva ◽  
A. Yu. Vakhrameeva ◽  
D. S. Ulbashev
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Gated Spect ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
National Medical ◽  
End Diastolic Volume

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the main cause of the occurrence and progression of heart failure, as well as mortality among the adult population, both in Russia and around the world. Determining the functional state of the myocardium before surgery allows one to choose the right treatment strategy, methods of surgical correction of coronary disorders, and predict outcomes.Aim. The research aims at the improvement of methods for predicting revascularization outcomes by creating a mathematical model depending on the number of viable myocardium.Material and methods. We examined 118 patients with a diagnosis of CHD who underwent surgical correction of coronary blood fl ow disorders with the use of direct and indirect revascularization methods at the Pirogov National Medical Center. We analyzed correlation between gated-SPECT, Echocardiography and operation results.Results. An inverse strong correlation has been found between LV contractility after surgery and the preoperative amount of scar myocardium and the end diastolic volume (EDV) LV (p < 0.05, Spearman criterion). A direct correlation has been determined between the improvement of EF and the volume of the hibernated myocardium (p < 0.05, Spearman criterion). There is a model for predicting EF after revascularization: Ejection fraction (after revascularization)(%) = 70.99126 − 0.10490 × EDV (ml) + 0.38827 × hibernated myocardium(%) − – 0,50137 × scar myocardium (%).Conclusion. Statistical modeling based on quantitative and qualitative assessment of the functional state of the myocardium in patients with CHD with the use of gated-SPECT and Echocardiography is an actual and necessary way to fi nd optimal solutions in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with CHD.

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