scholarly journals Neutralizing potency of COVID-19 vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lippi ◽  
Camilla Mattiuzzi ◽  
Brandon M. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Booster Vaccine ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Vaccine Booster

Abstract Background: We carried out a literature search for summarizing currently published evidence on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant neutralizing properties of serum or plasma collected from recipients of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines.Methods: An electronic search was conducted in Medline and Scopus, using the keywords “vaccine” AND “Omicron” OR “B.1.1.529” AND “SARS-CoV-2” AND “neutralization” OR “antibodies”, with no language or date limits (i.e., up to December 27, 2021). Studies with complete information on neutralization properties of COVID-19 vaccines against the Omicron variant, with or without the adjunctive effects of booster vaccine doses, were included.Results: Our final analysis included 10 published studies. In all, decreased neutralisation of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron B.1.1.529 variant was evidenced in post-vaccination samples, ranging between -4.3 folds to absence of neutralization compared to an ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain. In all studies the COVID-19 vaccine booster dose was effective to elicit sustained enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron B.1.1.529 neutralisation, with such increase being comprised between 10-42 folds compared to the pre-booster period.Conclusion: Vaccine boosters seem strongly advisable for limiting the risk of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) breakthrough infections.

scholarly journals Attitudes of Poles towards the COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose: An Online Survey in Poland

Vaccines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Mateusz Babicki ◽  
Agnieszka Mastalerz-Migas
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Vaccine Booster ◽  
To Receive

Introduction: COVID-19 vaccination has now become the most effective way to combat the pandemic, but there is a gradual decline in the protection that it offers over time. Therefore, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and EMA now recommend the use of the so-called booster dose, especially in at-risk groups. The purpose of the study was to assess the attitudes of Poles towards the recommendation to receive a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine and to evaluate the main reasons for refusing or delaying the decision. Material and methods: The study was based on a proprietary questionnaire distributed via the Internet. There were 1598 respondents, 54 of which did not consent to participate in the survey and/or did not complete the vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. As a result, 1528 surveys were included in the final analysis. The vast majority of the respondents, namely 1275 (83.4%), were female, and 772 (50.5%) were residents of cities with a population of over 250,000. Results: Out of all respondents, 38 (2.5%) had already received the COVID-19 vaccine booster dose and 1031 (67.4%) would like to receive it as soon as possible. Forty-five (2.9%) respondents reported that they were completely unwilling to take the booster dose. The occurrence of adverse events after primary vaccination were reported by 79.9% of the survey participants. The most common reasons why the respondents refused to be vaccinated are lack of confidence in the effectiveness of the booster dose and the occurrence of adverse events in them or their loved ones. Age, gender, residence, or relationship status were not shown to affect attitudes towards the expansion of the basic vaccination schedule. Conclusions: One in three respondents plans to delay or refrain from taking the COVID-19 vaccine booster dose. The main reason for refusal to be vaccinated is the belief that the previous vaccination provides sufficient protection.

scholarly journals Are sniffer dogs a reliable approach for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection?

Diagnosis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lippi ◽  
Camilla Mattiuzzi ◽  
Brandon M. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Diagnostic Specificity ◽  
Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Infected Material

Abstract Objectives Despite inter-individual variations in their diagnostic efficiency, dogs have been trained to investigate many human pathologies, especially cancer, diabetes, migraine, seizures and even infectious diseases. To this end, we performed a critical review and pooled analysis of current scientific literature on the performance of dogs trained for identifying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive human specimens. Methods We carried out an electronic search in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science with the keywords “dog(s)” AND “sniffer” OR “scent” OR “smell” AND “SARS-CoV-2” OR “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” OR “coronavirus disease 2019” OR “COVID-19” within all fields, without date or language restrictions, to identify studies describing dogs’ performance for identifying SARS-CoV-2 infected material. Results Three studies could be finally included in pooled analysis, totaling 17 dogs (47% females), aged between 0.5 and 12 years. The pooled diagnostic sensitivity was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84–0.91; I 2, 85.3%), the diagnostic specificity 0.99 (95% CI, 0.99–0.99; I 2, 97.4%), whilst the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) was 0.979 (standard error, 0.003). Conclusions The notable performance observed in this pooled analysis would persuade us to suggest that adequately trained dogs could represent an intriguing and sustainable resource for purposes of rapid SARS-CoV-2 mass screening.

scholarly journals Self-reported and physiological reactions to the third BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 (booster) vaccine dose

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merav Mofaz ◽  
Matan Yechezkel ◽  
Grace Guan ◽  
Margaret L. Brandeau ◽  
Tal Patalon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
P Value ◽  
Booster Vaccine ◽  
The Third ◽  
Systemic Reactions ◽  
Physiological Reactions

AbstractBackgroundThe rapid rise in hospitalizations associated with the Delta-driven COVID-19 resurgence, and the imminent risk of hospital overcrowding, led the Israeli government to initialize a national third (booster) COVID-19 vaccination campaign in early August 2021, offering the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine to individuals who received their second dose over five months ago. However, the safety of the third (booster) dose has not been fully established yet.ObjectiveEvaluate the short-term, self-reported and physiological reactions to the third BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 (booster) vaccine dose.DesignA prospective observational study, in which participants are equipped with a smartwatch and fill in a daily questionnaire via a dedicated mobile application for a period of 21 days, starting seven days before the vaccination.SettingAn Israel-wide third (booster) vaccination campaign.ParticipantsA group of 1,609 (18+ years of age) recipients of at least one dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine between December 20, 2020, and September 15, 2021, out of a larger cohort of 2,912 prospective study participants. 1,344 of the participants were recipients of the third vaccine dose.MeasurementsDaily self-reported questionnaires regarding local and systemic reactions, mood level, stress level, sport duration, and sleep quality. Heart rate, heart rate variability and blood oxygen saturation level were continuously measured by Garmin Vivosmart 4 smartwatches.ResultsThe extent of systemic reactions reported following the third (booster) dose administration is similar to that reported following the second dose (p-value=0.305) and considerably greater than that reported following the first dose (p-value<0.001). Our analyses of self-reported well-being indicators as well as the objective heart rate and heart rate variability measures recorded by the smartwatches further support this finding. Focusing on the third dose, reactions were more apparent in younger participants (p-value<0.01), in women (p-value<0.001), and in participants with no underlying medical conditions (p-value<0.001). Nevertheless, reported reactions and changes in physiological measures returned to their baseline levels within three days from inoculation with the third dose.LimitationsParticipants may not adequately represent the vaccinated population in Israel and elsewhere.ConclusionOur work further supports the safety of a third COVID-19 BNT162b2 mRNA (booster) vaccine dose from both a subjective and an objective perspective, particularly in individuals 65+ years of age and those with underlying medical conditions.Primary funding sourceEuropean Research Council (ERC) project #949850

scholarly journals Modelling the population-level protection conferred by COVID-19 vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranesh Padmanabhan ◽  
Rajat Desikan ◽  
Narendra M Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Dose Response Curves ◽  
Vaccine Availability

Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines work predominantly by eliciting neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), how the protection they confer depends on the NAb response to vaccination is unclear. Here, we collated and analysed in vitro dose-response curves of >70 NAbs and constructed a landscape defining the spectrum of neutralization efficiencies of NAbs elicited. We mimicked responses of individuals by sampling NAb subsets of known sizes from the landscape and found that they recapitulated responses of convalescent patients. Combining individual responses with a mathematical model of within-host SARS-CoV-2 infection post-vaccination, we predicted how the population-level protection conferred would increase with the NAb response to vaccination. Our predictions captured the outcomes of vaccination trials. Our formalism may help optimize vaccination protocols, given limited vaccine availability.

A Randomized, Multicenter, Open-Label Clinical Trial to Assess the Immunogenicity of a Meningococcal C Vaccine Booster Dose Administered to Children Aged 14 to 18 Months

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Díez-Domingo ◽  
M Victoria Planelles Cantarino ◽  
Jose M. Baldó Torrentí ◽  
M Isabel Úbeda Sansano ◽  
Angels Jubert Rosich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Vaccine Booster

Abstract P135: Covid-19 And Hypertension: Pooled Analysis Of Observational Studies

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikramaditya Reddy Samala Venkata ◽  
Rahul Gupta ◽  
Surya Kiran Aedma
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Electronic Search

Introduction: The pandemic of COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Although clinical data is limited, studies published so far raise concerns about an association between hypertension and worse clinical outcomes in COVID-19. Our aim was to assess the association between hypertension and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods: A systematic electronic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. Retrospective studies with original COVID-19 hospitalized patient data and reporting prevalence of hypertension was included in our study. Pooled analysis using a random-effects model was performed to look at the association between hypertension and mortality. Results: 22 studies from 8 countries with over 11,000 patients were included in our analysis. Hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients (42%), followed by diabetes mellitus (23%)(Figure 1). Hypertension by itself was associated with higher rates of mortality (Figure 2). Other less prevalent comorbidities include non-hypertensive cardiovascular disease (11%), CKD (6%), CVA (5%), COPD (4.3%). Conclusion: Hypertension is the most prevalent comorbidity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, followed by diabetes mellitus and was found to be significantly associated with higher rates of mortality. Surprisingly, hypertension is significantly more common than COPD in this population. The reason for this is unclear, there is no evidence currently that hypertension is directly related to mortality in this population. More randomized studies are needed to assess the effect of hypertension on mortality in COVID-19 patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document