Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) Into Japanese
Abstract Background: Patient-centred healthcare is important, and patient experiences are considered a central pillar of quality in healthcare. The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS®) is an instrument used to quantitatively evaluate patient perspectives. This study's objective was to conduct the translation and adaptation of the HCAHPS® into Japanese and to determine the validity and reliability of the translated version.Methods: We translated the original English HCAPHS® into Japanese based on standardized guidelines. The content validity was assessed by an expert panel of eight members and 12 discharged patients. The discharged patients assessed the face validity. We assessed the average of all raters’ evaluations at the item level (I-CVI and I-FVI) and the scale level (S-CVI and S-FVI). We evaluated each item and the entire questionnaire, with cut-off points of 0.78 for the I-CVI and I-FVI and 0.9 for the S-CVI and S-FVI.Results: Regarding the content validity, the S-CVI was 0.99, and the I-CVIs for the individual items ranged from 0.95 to 1.0. Regarding the face validity, the I-FVIs of all items except for Q26 were 0.78 or higher. The S-FVIs were 0.96 for clarity and 0.98 for comprehension. The expert panel reviewed the translated Japanese version of the HCAHPS and modified it based on the patient raters' feedback.Conclusions: The translated HCAHPS® content is well adapted to the local context. Until now, there has been no standard instrument to measure the perspectives of hospitalized patients in Japan. The translated HCAHPS® is expected to have utility for measuring the quality of health indicators.Trial registration:No applicable.