In vitro antimicrobial, anti-oxidant properties and GC-MS analysis of the crude methanolic extract and fractions of Solanum dasyphyllum Schumach and Thonn. leaves

Abstract Background: Solanum dasyphyllum is a plant with several ethno-medicinal uses as food and medicine in treatment of fever, skin diseases, inflammation, stomach ache and some systemic infections. To date there is little scientific validation of the folkloric claims of S. dasyphyllum compared to other species of the Solanaceae family. This study determined the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of methanol extract and fractions of the leaves of S. dasyphyllum and analysed the phyto-constituents using GC-MS technique.Methods: The dried leaves of S. dasyphyllum were extracted by Soxhlet apparatus with 80% methanol and the crude extract subjected to Phytochemical screening and liquid-liquid fractionation. Crude extract and fractions were subjected to antimicrobial screening, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MBC/MFC) determination and time-kill kinetics study. Crude extract was assayed for antioxidant activity and analysed by GC-MS.Results: Percentage yield of S. dasyphyllum was 12.5% and tested positive for flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, cyanogenic glycosides, tannins and reducing sugars. The crude extract and fractions were active on all the isolates at concentrations >0.5 mg/mL. MICs of the crude extract and fractions ranged between 0.25 and >4 mg/mL, MBC ranged between 1 and >4 mg/mL and MFC ranged between 0.5 and >4 mg/mL. The MBC/MIC ratio was >4 for dichloromethane fractions against S. aureus (ratio 8) and MFC/MIC ratio ethylacetate fraction against the fungi isolates (ratio 8). The time-kill kinetics study showed dichloromethane and ethylacetate fractions to be bactericidal with zero viable count at 4 - 6hours against the isolates. The crude extract displayed moderate antioxidant with weak DPPH radical scavenging activity. The GC-MS analysis showed 29 metabolites including the phenols and polyphenols derivatives, eucalyptol, levomenthol, benzofuranone derivative, diethyl phthalate, neophytadiene, 1-Docosene, 17-Pentatriacontene, Phytol, Thunbergol and esters of decanoic acid derivatives all of which are known to have anti-infective and anti-oxidant properties.Conclusion: This study therefore confirmed the ethno-medicinal claim of S. dasyphyllum and thus elucidates the potentials of the plant as a good source of bioactive compounds including those with strong anti-infective and antioxidant properties.

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GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS OF CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i3.30865 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 461-465

Author(s):

JYOTI RANI ◽

MANISH KAPOOR

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Catharanthus Roseus ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Molecular Formula ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Soxhlet Apparatus

Objective: The main objectives of this study were analysis of the phytochemicals produced by two different Catharanthus roseus morphotypes, i.e., pink and white flowered and evaluate it morphologically and phytochemically in terms of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant properties, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Methods: Methanolic extracts of both morphotypes were prepared by Soxhlet apparatus. After extraction, the extracts were filtered and solvent removed by rotatory evaporator. TPC was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu reagent method and TFC was estimated by aluminum chloride colorimetric method. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities were estimated by superoxide dismutase and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay. GC-MS analysis was performed at Central Instrumentation Laboratory/ SAIF, Panjab University, Chandigarh. Results: Pink-flowered C. roseus showed highest activities in terms of TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity as compared to white-flowered C. roseus. 42 different bioactive compounds were detected in the methanolic extract of pink, while only 7 compounds were identified in white-flowered C. roseus. The identification was performed by GS-MS analysis mainly based on retention time, peak area, molecular formula, and molecular weight. Conclusion: The finding indicated that the pink-flowered C. roseus was phytochemically superior then the white one.

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Strobilanthes heyneanus root extract as a potential source for antioxidant and antimicrobial activity

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1186/s43094-021-00242-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vijayakumar Sundaram ◽

Selvaraju Sadhasivam ◽

Sivaraj Chandrasekaran ◽

Raaman Nanjian ◽

Arjun Pandian

Keyword(s):

Dermal Fibroblast ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Fibroblast Cell ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Root Extract ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Medicinal Uses

Abstract Background Strobilanthes heyneanus (Nilgirianthus heyneanus) belongs to the family Acanthaceae that contains many species with potential for diverse medicinal uses. It is also called ‘Karun kurinji’ and is commonly found in the South-West regions of India. The species are commonly used in rheumatic complaints, sprain of the ankle, and hernia. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the antioxidant activity, phytochemical analysis, and antibacterial activities of the root extract of S. heyneanus. Results The radical scavenging and reduction assays such as DPPH● radical and OH● radical scavenging assays, as well as phosphomolybdenum reduction and Fe3+ reducing power assays, were determined for the root extract. The highest DPPH● radical scavenging activity was 88.23 ± 1.32 at 120 μg/mL concentration, and the calculated IC50 was 38.52 μg/mL concentration. The highest OH● radical scavenging activity was 51.28 ± 1.06 at 120 μg/mL concentration, and the calculated IC50 was 51.28 μg/mL concentration. The highest ABTS●+ radical scavenging activity was 91.28 ± 1.12 at 30 μg/mL concentration, and the calculated IC50 was 33.92 μg/mL concentration. The highest phosphomolybdenum reduction was 87.43 ± 0.90 at 120 μg/mL concentration, and the calculated RC50 was 24.74 μg/mL concentration. The highest Fe3+ reduction was 89.38 ± 0.98 at 120 μg/mL concentration, and the calculated RC50 was 31.06 μg/mL concentration. The antibacterial activity of S. heyneanus showed the highest zone of inhibition of 24 mm for Salmonella typhi with 500 μg/mL concentration. The cytotoxicity limits of the root extracts were tested by MTT assay using human dermal fibroblast cell lines, reflecting > 90% cell viability at a concentration of 500 μg/mL. Conclusions The current study showed that the root extract of S. heyneanus has better antioxidant properties and potential anti-bacterial compounds. The phytochemical analysis of the root extract showed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, and carbohydrates, which are responsible for the antibacterial root extract of S. heyneanus synergistically.

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Cosmetic and Dermatological Properties of Selected Ayurvedic Plant Extracts

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26030614 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 614

Author(s):

Martyna Zagórska-Dziok ◽

Aleksandra Ziemlewska ◽

Tomasz Bujak ◽

Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska ◽

Zofia Hordyjewicz-Baran

Keyword(s):

Skin Diseases ◽

Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Cell Protection ◽

Skin Cells ◽

Skin Cell ◽

Aging Properties ◽

Enzyme Superoxide Dismutase

Due to the constantly growing interest in ingredients of natural origin, this study attempts to evaluate the possibility of using extracts from three Ayurvedic plants in preparations for the care and treatment of skin diseases. Therefore, studies of antioxidant properties were carried out using DPPH and ABTS radicals, obtaining 76% and 88% of these radical scavenging, respectively. A significant decrease in the intracellular level of free radicals and an increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme-superoxide dismutase by almost 60% were also observed. In addition, the extracts were assessed for anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties, obtaining over 70% inhibition of lipoxygenase activity and almost 40% of collagenase. Additionally, the cytoprotective properties of the obtained extracts on skin cells, keratinocytes and fibroblasts, were demonstrated. To assess the content of biologically active compounds, HPLC-electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS/MS multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analyses were performed. The obtained results show that all three analyzed plants are a valuable source of biologically active substances with desired properties in the context of skin cell protection. Particularly noteworthy is the extract of Epilobium angustifolium L., for which the most promising results were obtained.

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GC-MS Assisted Phytoactive Chemical Compounds Identiﬁcation and Profiling with Mineral Constituents from Biologically Active Extracts of Aerva javanica (Burm. f) Juss. ex Schult.

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha46211037 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 517-524

Author(s):

Kandhan KARTHISHWARAN ◽

Subban KAMALRAJ ◽

Chelliah JAYABASKARAN ◽

Shyam S. KURUP ◽

Sabitha SAKKIR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Mineral Constituents

Aerva javanica (Burm. f) Juss. ex Schult. (Family: Amaranthaceae) family is one of the traditional medicinal plant growing in the United Arab Emirates. Apart from studies related to some medicinal properties, phytochemical, GC MS compound characterization and biological activities still to be investigated. An experiment was conducted to determine the possible bioactive components with their chemical structures and elucidation of phytochemicals from the aerial parts of the plant. The macro and micro-mineral constituents and antioxidant activities were also evaluated. Aerial parts of A. javanica were extracted sequentially with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol by cold percolation method. Free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties of methanolic extract were evaluated by using in vitro antioxidant assays such as hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, superoxide radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity. Primary phytochemical and micro-macro element was tested using standard protocol. The chemical characterization was done with the help of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), and the mass spectra of the total compounds in the extract were matched with the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) library. Mineral constituents were identified and estimated by ICP-OES. Ninety-nine metabolites were obtained by GC-MS anslysis; indole was found to be major components followed by 2-Chlorallyl diethyldithiocarbamate (CDEC), Carbaril, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, Quinoline, 4H-Cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene,2-[Bis(2-chloroethylamino)]-tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine-2-oxide, Phenobarbital, 1H-Indole, 2-methyl-, 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Disulfide, diphenyl. The presence of various bioactive compounds in the extract validates the traditional medicinal uses of this plant.

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In vitro antioxidant activity and phytochemical analyses of Acalypha godseffiana (Euphobiaceae) leaf extracts

Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine ◽

10.4314/njnpm.v25i1.8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 75-79

Author(s):

S.O. Olubodun ◽

G.E. Eriyamremu ◽

M.E. Ayevbuomwan ◽

C.I. Nzoputa

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antioxidant Vitamin ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

The presence of various bioactive components makes it necessary to analyse plants for their potential to act as a source of useful treatments and cures for many inflammatory, infectious and pathogenic diseases. This study was carried out to determine phytochemicals and in-vitro antioxidant activities of the leaf extracts of Acalypha godseffiana. The leaves of A. godseffiana were collected, dried, pulverized and extracted separately with methanol and water using maceration method. The extract was concentrated in vacuo with rotary evaporator at 40oC. The extracts were subjected to quantitative phytochemical analysis and different anti-oxidant analytical procedures like FRAP, DPPH etc to determine the radical scavenging capabilities. The results of phytochemical analysis estimated the quantities and revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids which varied in both extracts. The methanol and aqueous extracts exhibited antioxidant activities with relatively high IC50 (IC50 = 3.67 ìg/ml and 4.42ìg/ml respectively) which accounted for a low free radical-scavenging activity when compared with the reference antioxidant, vitamin C (IC50 = 1.51ìg/ml). The results of the study indicates that A. godseffiana leaf extracts contain secondary metabolites and possesses antioxidant properties.

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A New Phytochemical and Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Different Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa Extracts

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1801300910 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X1801300

Author(s):

Badr Zekkori ◽

Farid Khallouki ◽

Amar Bentayeb ◽

Serena Fiorito ◽

Francesca Preziuso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽

Polarity Index ◽

Lactuca Sativa L ◽

Soxhlet Apparatus ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Mean Time

The phytochemical composition of Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa, commonly known as crisphead lettuce, from Morocco has been re-investigated for the presence of oxyprenylated cinnamic acid and coumarin derivatives. In the mean time also the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of extracts from leaves obtained by the use of a Soxhlet apparatus have been assessed. The extracts had a high content of polyphenols with remarkable differences ranging from 0.19 to 0.38 mg gallic acid eq/mg, while the content of flavonoids ranged from 3.75 to 9.64 mg catechin eq/g. The hydroalcoholic extract with a polarity index of 5.8 displayed the best anti-oxidant, radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory activities. The same extracts were screened by reverse-phase HPLC-UV/V analysis for the presence of biologically active oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids. Only 4'-geranyloxyferulic acid was recorded in detectable amounts. Results described herein enforce the nutraceutical value and depict a potential chemopreventive dietary feeding role for crisphead lettuce.

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Antioxidant Principles of Tanacetum vulgare L. Aerial Parts

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0900401121 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (11) ◽

pp. 1934578X0900401 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Malindra Juan-Badaturuge ◽

Solomon Habtemariam ◽

Caroline Jackson ◽

Michael JK Thomas

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Major Constituent ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Rheumatic Arthritis ◽

Tanacetum Vulgare ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

Inflammatory Conditions ◽

Aerial Parts

The methanolic extract of aerial parts of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae) and its fractions were investigated for antioxidant activity. The crude extract displayed DPPH radical scavenging effects with an EC50 value of 37 ± 1.2 μg/mL (n=3). Activity-guided fractionations of the crude extract resulted in the isolation of three antioxidant compounds; 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA), axillarin and luteolin. 3,5-DCQA was the major constituent with antioxidant activity (IC50 = 9.7 μM) comparable with that of the standard quercetin (IC50 = 8.8 μM). Though the isolated compounds were previously known for their antioxidant effects, this is the first report on the identification of 3,5-DCQA from Tanacetum vulgare. The displayed potent antioxidant activity of the crude extract and isolated active principles is in support of the traditional medicinal uses of the plant for disease conditions such as wound healing, rheumatic arthritis and other inflammatory conditions.

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Evaluation of the Potential Cardioprotective Activity of Some Saudi Plants against Doxorubicin Toxicity

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2012-5-609 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 67 (5-6) ◽

pp. 297-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Osama M. Ashour ◽

Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim ◽

Hossam M. Abdallah ◽

Ayman A. Nagy ◽

Ahmed M. Mohamadin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Serum Markers ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

Cordia Myxa

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic widely used as a chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of several tumours. However, its cardiac toxicity limits its use at maximum therapeutic doses. Most studies implicated increased oxidative stress as the major determinant of DOX cardiotoxicity. The local Saudi flora is very rich in a variety of plants of quite known folkloric or traditional medicinal uses. Tribulus macropterus Boiss., Olea europaea L. subsp. africana (Mill.) P. S. Green, Tamarix aphylla (L.) H. Karst., Cynomorium coccineum L., Cordia myxa L., Calligonum comosum L’ Hér, and Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal are Saudi plants known to have antioxidant activities. The aim of the current study was to explore the potential protective effects of methanolic extracts of these seven Saudi plants against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Two plants showed promising cardioprotective potential in the order Calligonum comosum > Cordia myxa. The two plant extracts showed potent in vitro radical scavenging and antioxidant properties. They significantly protected against DOX-induced alterations in cardiac oxidative stress markers (GSH and MDA) and cardiac serum markers (CK-MB and LDH activities). Additionally, histopathological examination indicated a protection against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. In conclusion, C. comosum and C. myxa exerted protective activity against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, which is, at least partly, due to their antioxidant effect

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Phytochemical, antimicrobial, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential of medicinal plant Dryopteris ramosa (Hope) C. Chr.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies ◽

10.1186/s12906-021-03370-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fiaz Alam ◽

Syed Hurmat Ali Khan ◽

Mohammad Hassham Hassan Bin Asad

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Methanol Fraction ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

Antibiotic Effect ◽

Esterase Inhibition ◽

Mic Value

Abstract Background Dryopteris ramosa has numerous potentials uses in the treatment of different maladies as old traditional medication. The fronds of D. ramose are edible and orally administered for producing antibiotic effect. They are also used as astringent and febrifuge, and as a pesticide. Methods Extraction of fronds of D. ramosa using solvents of increasing polarity, namely, ethyl acetate, methanol and water were tested for phytochemical (qualitative tests, GC-MS), antimicrobial (well method), antioxidant (DPPH), antifungal (tube dilution), cytotoxic activity (brine shrimps lethality assay) and LOX and COX inhibitory activities were performed using standard methods. Results The phytochemical analysis of the crude methanolic extract revealed that the fronds are rich in flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, glycosides and triterpenoids. The total flavonoid content of the ethyl acetate fraction was 46.28 μg QE/mg extract. The GC-MS analysis revealed nine major compounds that constituted the crude drug and potentially had a role in reported activities. The crude extract was the most active amongst all the fractions against the bacterial and fungal strains used such that it inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa with a zone of 13 mm and a MIC value of 16 μg/ml as compared to the standard cefixime, which inhibited the zone by only 10 mm and a MIC value of 32 μg/ml. The highest antioxidant potential in DPPH assay was shown by the crude extract with 91.948% free radical scavenging activity. The bring shrimps lethality potential of the crude extract was the highest, with a LD50 value of 47.635 μg/ml. The ethyl acetate fraction inhibits 91.36% of alpha glucosidase enzyme at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml. In case of acetylcholine esterase inhibition assay, the methanol fraction inhibits 58.26% of the enzyme activity. Similarly, for butyrylcholine esterase inhibition, the maximum inhibitory effect was seen in the methanol fraction, with a percentage inhibition of 47.32%. Conclusion These test results support traditional medicinal uses of the plant. Dryopteris ramosa could be imperative for being used as a therapeutic agent and the medicinal importance of this plant should be further investigated.

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COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENCY OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OBTAINED FROM MEMECYLON SPECIES

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i2.15695 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 187

Author(s):

Tumkur Ramasetty Bharathi ◽

Harishchandra Sripathy Prakash

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Methanol Extracts ◽

Soxhlet Apparatus ◽

Antioxidant Potency ◽

Reducing Power Assay ◽

Different Doses

Objective: Memecylon species is being extensively used in traditional medicine for the treatment of skin disorders and it is proved to possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. The present investigation was to study the effect of different solvent extracts of five Memecylon species such as M. umbellatum, M. talbotianum, M. edule, M. malabaricum and M. wightii on antidiabetic and antioxidant effects.Methods: Plant extracts were prepared using soxhlet apparatus using different solvents such as hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water and obtained extracts were subjected to antidiabetic (α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays) and antioxidant (2, 2-Diphenyl-2-Picryl Hydrazyl hydrate (DPPH), 2,2-Azino-bis (3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic acid)diammonium salt (ABTS), Superoxide radical scavenging assay (SRSA) and reducing power assays) evaluated at different doses.Results: Methanol extracts of all five Memecylon species exhibited effective antidiabetic and antioxidant properties among them methanol extracts of M. malabaricum and M. talbotianum have highest biological activity. For α-amylase IC50 value for both M. malabaricum and M. talbotianum was found to be 100 and 130 µg/reaction and IC50 value for α-glucosidase was found to be 6.1 and 7.8 µg/reaction respectively. For DPPH the IC50value was found to be 190 µg/reaction, for ABTS 31-39 µg/reaction, for SRSA 950-1200 µg/reaction and for reducing power assay 420-490 µg/reaction respectively.Conclusion: The results indicate that methanol extracts of M. malabaricum and M. talbotianum possess potent in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant activities compared to other Memecylon species.

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