scholarly journals Reprogramming of the Wheat Transcriptome in Response to Infection with Claviceps Purpurea, the Causal Agent of Ergot

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley A. Boyd ◽  
Eleni Tente ◽  
Nelzo Ereful ◽  
Anyela Camargo Rodriguez ◽  
Paul Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differential Gene Expression ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Transmitting Tissue ◽  
Significant Differential Expression ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
Wheat Transcriptome

Abstract Background: Ergot, caused by the fungal pathogen Claviceps purpurea, infects the female flowers of a range of cereal crops, including wheat. To understand the interaction between C. purpurea and hexaploid wheat we undertook an extensive examination of the reprogramming of the wheat transcriptome in response to C. purpurea infection through floral tissues (i.e. the stigma, transmitting and base ovule tissues of the ovary) and over time. Results: C. purpurea hyphae were observed to have grown into and down the stigma at 24 hours (H) after inoculation. By 48H hyphae had grown through the transmitting tissue into the base, while by 72H hyphae had surrounded the ovule. By 5 days (D) the ovule had been replaced by fungal tissue. Significant differential gene expression was first observed at 1H in the stigma tissue. Many of the wheat genes differentially transcribed in response to C. purpurea infection were associated with plant hormones and included the ethylene (ET), auxin, cytokinin, gibberellic acid (GA), salicylic acid and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthetic and signaling pathways. Hormone-associated genes were first detected in the stigma and base tissues at 24H, but not in the transmitting tissue. Genes associated with GA and JA pathways were seen in the stigma at 24H, while JA and ET-associated genes were identified in the base at 24H. In addition, several defence-associated genes were differential expressed in response to C. purpurea infection, including antifungal proteins, endocytosis/exocytosis-related proteins, NBS-LRR class proteins, genes involved in programmed cell death, receptor protein kinases and transcription factors. Of particular interest was the identification of significant differential expression of wheat genes in the base tissue well before the appearance of fungal hyphae, suggesting that a mobile signal, either pathogen or plant-derived, is delivered to the base prior to colonisation.Conclusions: Multiple host hormonal biosynthesis and signalling pathways were significantly perturbed from an early stage in the wheat – C. purpurea interaction. Significant differential gene expression at the base of the ovary, ahead of arrival of the pathogen, indicated the potential presence of a long-distance signal modifying host gene expression.

scholarly journals 213 Transcriptome profiling of olfactory epithelium in normal cycling and acyclic gilts

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 125-125
Author(s):  
Dan J Nonneman ◽  
Aaron M Dickey ◽  
Clay A Lents
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differential Gene Expression ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Differential Gene

Abstract A significant proportion of gilts that enter the herd never farrow a litter and are culled because of anestrus or failure to conceive. Genome-wide association studies for pubertal traits have identified loci involved in neuronal and olfactory pathways, and olfaction is critical for expression of reproductive behavior in mammalian females. We evaluated major olfactory epithelium (MOE) for differential gene expression in nonpubertal, behavioral anestrus and normal cycling early follicular and luteal phase gilts (n = 8/group; average age of 259 days). An average of 50 million paired-end RNA-seq reads were collected from each of the 32 RNA libraries and mapped to Sscrofa 11.1. Differential gene expression was determined using DESeq2. A total of 18,484 genes were expressed with a mean normalized expression value greater than 5. Only four genes were differentially expressed between nonpubertal or behavioral anestrus MOE and their cycling controls (early follicular and luteal, respectively). Comparing cycling follicular and luteal phase gilts showed that 1146 genes were more highly expressed in MOE from follicular phase gilts, whereas 1351 genes were more highly expressed in MOE from luteal phase gilts. Pathways for transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase/growth factor signaling, cell junction and epithelium development were overrepresented in follicular phase MOE and cell cycle, chromatin remodeling, inflammatory response and sensory perception were overrepresented in luteal phase MOE. While 1348 locus IDs were identified for olfactory receptors in MOE, only 160 were expressed at an appreciable level (base mean > 5) in MOE and 16 were more highly expressed in MOE from luteal phase than follicular phase gilts. While few genes were differentially expressed in MOE between prepubertal and anestrus gilts and cycling gilts at the same ovarian stage, the comparison between ovarian stages indicates that MOE gene expression is under hormonal control. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

scholarly journals Progression of Gene Expression Changes following a Mechanical Injury to Articular Cartilage as a Model of Early Stage Osteoarthritis

Arthritis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. McCulloch ◽  
M. S. Ashwell ◽  
C. Maltecca ◽  
A. T. O'Nan ◽  
P. L. Mente
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Differential Gene Expression ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Degradative Enzymes ◽  
Differential Gene

An impact injury model of early stage osteoarthritis (OA) progression was developed using a mechanical insult to an articular cartilage surface to evaluate differential gene expression changes over time and treatment. Porcine patellae with intact cartilage surfaces were randomized to one of three treatments: nonimpacted control, axial impaction (2000 N), or a shear impaction (500 N axial, with tangential displacement to induce shear forces). After impact, the patellae were returned to culture for 0, 3, 7, or 14 days. At the appropriate time point, RNA was extracted from full-thickness cartilage slices at the impact site. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to evaluate differential gene expression for 18 OA related genes from four categories: cartilage matrix, degradative enzymes and inhibitors, inflammatory response and signaling, and cell apoptosis. The shear impacted specimens were compared to the axial impacted specimens and showed that shear specimens more highly expressed type I collagen (Col1a1) at the early time points. In addition, there was generally elevated expression of degradative enzymes, inflammatory response genes, and apoptosis markers at the early time points. These changes suggest that the more physiologically relevant shear loading may initially be more damaging to the cartilage and induces more repair efforts after loading.

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