scholarly journals Dynamic Evaluation of the Contractile Function of Lumbodorsal Muscles During the Locust Pose in Yoga by Real-Time Ultrasound

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfen Liu ◽  
Jiachun Li ◽  
xiang zhou ◽  
Ningning Chen ◽  
Hui Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Dynamic Evaluation ◽  
Quadratus Lumborum ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background and Purpose: The purpose was to observe the changes in the thickness of lumbodorsal muscles that occur during the locust pose in yoga and how these changes occur. From the changes in muscle thickness that occur in the locust pose, the contractile function of lumbodorsal muscles can be evaluated.Methods: The changes in the thickness of the lumbodorsal muscles in the relaxed and contracted states were dynamically observed by real-time ultrasound when subjects were performing the locust yoga pose. Then, the thicknesses of the muscles during the two states were measured to calculate the ratio of contraction of each muscle and determine the statistical significance of the change in thickness of each muscle.Results: The mean thicknesses of the lumbodorsal muscles, including the multifidus, longissimus, iliocostalis, and quadratus lumborum, obviously differed between the relaxed and contracted states (P<0.005). The the mean C/R of the longissimus was 1.39±0.14 on the left and 1.40±0.16 on the right. The multifidus and iliocostalis had the second highest C/R. The mean C/R of the multifidus was 1.23±0.12 on the left and 1.24±0.15 on the right, and the mean C/R of the iliocostalis was 1.25±0.12 on the left and 1.24±0.14 on the right. The quadratus lumborum had the lowest C/R, and the mean C/R of the quadratus lumborum was 1.17±0.10 on the left and 1.19±0.11 on the right. Conclusions: The contractile activity of the lumbar muscles can be observed by ultrasound to evaluate the contractile function of the lumbar muscles.

scholarly journals Dynamic evaluation of the contractile function of lumbodorsal muscles during locust pose in yoga by real-time ultrasound

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfen Liu ◽  
Jiachun Li ◽  
Xiang Zhou ◽  
Ningning Chen ◽  
Hui Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
R Ratio ◽  
Quadratus Lumborum ◽  
Lumbar Muscle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background and Purpose Chronic low back pain (CLBP), which has a close relationship with lumbar muscle degeneration, can be effectively treated by exercise therapy, and yoga has been widely accepted by clinicians and patients with CLBP. The purpose of this study was to observe the changes in the thickness of lumbodorsal muscles that occur during locust pose in yoga and how these changes occur. From the changes in muscle thickness that occur in the locust pose, the contractile function of lumbodorsal muscles can be evaluated. Methods Fifty-two healthy volunteers (from May 2019 to August 2019, age from 28 to 68 years, 23 males and 29 females (age: 40 ± 8 years; weight: 68.3 ± 5.2 kg; height: 170.2 ± 13.1 cm) were recruited, and lumbodorsal muscle, including the multifidus, longissimus, iliocostalis, and quadratus lumborum, ultrasonic examinations were carried out in the relaxed and contracted states. The changes in the thickness of the lumbodorsal muscles in the relaxed and contracted states were dynamically observed by real-time ultrasound when subjects were performing the locust yoga pose. Then, the thicknesses of the muscles during the two states were measured to calculate the ratio of contraction of each muscle and determine the statistical significance of the change in thickness of each muscle. Results The mean thickness of the left multifidus in the relaxed state was 1.32 ± 0.27 cm (95 % CI: 1.24 ~ 1.39), that in the contracted state was 1.60 ± 0.30 cm (95 % CI: 1.52 ~ 1.69) (obviously different between the relaxed and contracted states, P < 0.001), and those in the corresponding right side were 1.37 ± 0.31 cm (95 % CI: 1.29 ~ 2.46) and 1.68 ± 0.38 cm (95 % CI: 1.58 ~ 1.79) (P < 0.001), respectively. The mean thickness of the left quadratus lumborum in the relaxed state was 1.38 ± 0.32 cm (95 % CI: 1.29 ~ 1.47), that in the contracted state was 1.62 ± 0.40 cm (95 % CI: 1.50 ~ 1.73) (P = 0.001), and those in the corresponding right side were 1.30 ± 0.32 cm (95 % CI: 1.21 ~ 1.39) and 1.55 ± 0.41 cm (95 % CI: 1.44 ~ 1.67) (P = 0.001), respectively. The mean thickness of the left longissimus in the relaxed was 2.33 ± 0.51 cm (95 % CI: 2.19 ~ 2.47), that in the contracted state was 3.20 ± 0.61 cm (95 % CI: 3.03 ~ 3.37) (P < 0.001), and those in the corresponding right side were 2.34 ± 0.49 cm (95 % CI 2.20 ~ 2.48) and 3.26 ± 0.68 cm (95 % CI 3.07 ~ 3.45) (P < 0.001), respectively. The mean thickness of the left iliocostalis in the relaxed state was 1.88 ± 0.41 cm (95 % CI: 1.76 ~ 1.99), that in the contracted state was 2.34 ± 0.49 cm (95 % CI: 2.00 ~ 2.47) (P < 0.001), and those in the corresponding right side were 1.98 ± 0.40 cm (95 % CI: 1.87 ~ 2.09) and 2.44 ± 0.56 cm (95 % CI: 2.29 ~ 2.60) (P < 0.001), respectively. The mean contracted state/resting state (C/R) of the longissimus was 1.39 ± 0.14 on the left and 1.40 ± 0.16 on the right. The multifidus and iliocostalis had the second highest C/R. The mean C/R of the multifidus was 1.23 ± 0.12 on the left and 1.24 ± 0.15 on the right, and the mean C/R of the iliocostalis was 1.25 ± 0.12 on the left and 1.24 ± 0.14 on the right. The quadratus lumborum had the lowest C/R, and the mean C/R of the quadratus lumborum was 1.17 ± 0.10 on the left and 1.19 ± 0.11 on the right. Conclusions Ultrasound can be used to dynamically assess the contractile function of the lumbar muscle in the locust pose of yoga, the C/R ratio can be used to indicate the ability of a muscle to contract, and dynamic ultrasound can guide lumbar exercise and feedback the exercise results. The establishment of this model allowed data regarding the contraction state of the lumbar muscle to be obtained in a normal population, and based on this, future studies can further explore and evaluate the contraction state of the lumbar muscle after yoga exercise in CLBP patients, the effect exercise on lumbar instability and on a patient population after lumbar operation.

scholarly journals Normal values of coronary arteries branching height in women

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
U.Ye. Pidvalna ◽  
D.M. Beshley ◽  
M.Z. Mirchuk ◽  
L.R. Mateshuk-Vatseba
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Lower Edge ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Morphometric analysis of the structures of the aortic bulb and coronary arteries is necessary for the planning of cardiac surgery and endovascular interventions. The aim of the study was to determine the height of the coronary arteries branching in healthy women of Lviv city and Lviv region and to determine the relationship between the height of the location of the orifice of the coronary artery with anthropometric indicators. Fifteen computed tomography images with contrast of female thorax without heart and ascending aortic lesions (normal) were selected for the study. The height of the upper and lower edges of the coronary arteries was measured; height of Valsalva sinuses. The comparison of the mean values was performed according to the Student’s t-test. The correlation between the observed variables (age, height, body weight, body mass index, body surface area, height of the sinuses of Valsalva) was calculated using the Pearson linear correlation method (r). According to the study, the population group consisted of persons of the second period of adulthood (46.67 %) and the elderly (53.33 %). According to the body mass index, 80 % were overweight or obese I-II degree. The mean height of the coronary artery orifice in women without structural changes of the heart and ascending aorta was: 11.19±1.96 mm for the left and 11.68±1.80 mm for the right. The height of the orifice of the right and left coronary arteries were almost the same, without statistical significance (p=0.26). Analysis of the correlation between the values of the height of the orifice of the coronary artery did not show a probable dependence on height, weight, age, body mass index and body surface area. There is a direct relationship between the parameters of the height of the lower edge of the right coronary artery and the height of the upper edge of the right coronary artery (r=+0.75, p=0.001) and between the value of the lower edge of the left coronary artery and the upper edge of the left coronary artery (r=+0.63, p=0.01). Thus, the analysis of the correlation between the values of the height of the orifice of the coronary artery in women in norm and anthropometric indicators did not show a significant relationship. There was no statistical significance between the indicators of the height of the orifice of the right and left coronary arteries in women.

scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphism in Laryngeal Volumetric Measurements Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Latif Hamdan ◽  
Elie Khalifee ◽  
Georges Ziade ◽  
Sahar Semaan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Volumetric Measurements

The objective of this study is to investigate the dimensional and volumetric measurements in the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle in men and women using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The hypothesis is that there is a gender-related difference in these measurements. A retrospective chart review of 76 patients who underwent MRI of the neck at the American University of Beirut Medical Center was conducted. The dimension and volume of the right and left TA muscle were measured on axial and coronal planes short tau inversion recovery images. Male and female groups were compared with respect to demographic data and MRI findings using parametric and nonparametric tests. The mean length of the thyro-arytenoid muscle in males was larger than that in females on the right (males 2.44 [0.29] cm vs females 1.70 [0.22] cm) and on the left (males 2.50 [0.28] cm vs females 1.72 [0.24] cm) reaching statistical significance ( P < .001). The mean width of the thyro-arytenoid muscle in males was larger than that in females on the right (males 0.68 [0.13] cm vs females 0.59 [0.11] cm) and on the left (males 0.68 [0.12] cm vs females 0.57 [0.12] cm) reaching statistical significance ( P < .001). The mean height of the thyro-arytenoid muscle in males was larger than that in females on the right (males 1.05 [0.21] cm vs females 0.95 [0.12] cm) and on the left (males 1.05 [0.21] cm vs females 0.95 [0.12] cm) reaching statistical significance ( P < .01 on the right and P < .05 on the left). The volume of the thyroarytenoid muscle in males was larger than that in females on the right (males 0.86 [0.25] mL vs females 0.48 [0.15] mL) and on the left (males 0.89 [0.27] mL vs females 0.48 [0.17] mL) reaching statistical significance ( P < .001). The results of this investigation clearly indicate a significant difference in these measurements between men and women.

Accurate placement of the distal end of a ventriculoatrial shunt with the aid of real-time transesophageal echocardiography

2006 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theofilos G. Machinis ◽  
Kostas N. Fountas ◽  
John Hudson ◽  
Joe Sam Robinson ◽  
E. Christopher Troup
Keyword(s):  
Transesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Superior Vena Cava ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Distal Catheter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Objective Ventriculoatrial (VA) shunts remain a valid option for the treatment of hydrocephalus, especially in patients in whom ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts fail. Correct positioning of the distal end of the catheter in the right atrium is of paramount importance for maintaining shunt patency and reducing the incidence of VA shunt-associated morbidity. The authors present their experience with real-time transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) monitoring for the accurate placement of the distal catheter of a VA shunt. Methods Four patients underwent conversion of a VP shunt to a VA shunt under the guidance of intraoperative fluoroscopy and TEE between May 2003 and December 2004. After induction of general anesthesia, the TEE transducer was advanced into the esophagus. A cervical incision was made and the external jugular vein was visualized. An introducer was passed through an opening in the jugular vein and a guidewire was placed through the introducer. Under continuous TEE guidance, the guidewire was carefully advanced into the superior vena cava. A distal shunt catheter overlying a J-wire was then passed to the superior vena cava, again under TEE guidance. The catheter was advanced to the right atrium after removing the guidewire. Final visualization with TEE and fluoroscopy revealed a good position of the catheter in the right atrium in all four cases. The mean duration of the operation was 91 minutes (range 65–120 minutes) and the mean operative blood loss was 23 ml (range 10–50 ml). No procedure-related complication was noted. Conclusions Real-time TEE is a safe and simple technique for the accurate placement of the distal catheter of a VA shunt.

Sex Differences in Dichotic Listening among Asian Americans

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Tsushima ◽  
Vincent G. Tsushima
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Listening Tests ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Asian American College Students ◽  
The Right

Dichotic-listening tests were conducted with 23 male and 23 female Asian-American college students. The mean correct responses for the men were right ear 54.7 and left ear 48.7, whereas the mean correct for the women were for the right ear 53.4 and the left ear 54.8. Among the men 60.9% did better with the right ear than with the left, while 43.5% of the women showed a right-ear superiority. The male-female differences, however, did not teach statistical significance. Clearly, larger samples are needed.

Loss of atrial contractility is primary cause of atrial dilatation during first days of atrial fibrillation

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (5) ◽  
pp. H2324-H2331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Schotten ◽  
Sunniva de Haan ◽  
Hans-Ruprecht Neuberger ◽  
Sabine Eijsbouts ◽  
Yuri Blaauw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Atrial Pressure ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Atrial Pacing ◽  
Rapid Pacing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Atrial fibrillation (AF) induces a progressive dilatation of the atria which in turn might promote the arrhythmia. The mechanism of atrial dilatation during AF is not known. To test the hypothesis that loss of atrial contractile function is a primary cause of atrial dilatation during the first days of AF, eight goats were chronically instrumented with epicardial electrodes, a pressure transducer in the right atrium, and piezoelectric crystals to measure right atrial diameter. AF was induced with the use of repetitive burst pacing. Atrial contractility was assessed during sinus rhythm, atrial pacing (160-, 300-, and 400-ms cycle length), and electrically induced AF. The compliance of the fibrillating right atrium was measured during unloading the atria with diuretics and loading with 1 liter of saline. All measurements were repeated after 6, 12, and 24 h of AF and then once a day during the first 5 days of AF. Recovery of the observed changes after spontaneous cardioversion was also studied. After 5 days of AF, atrial contractility during sinus rhythm or slow atrial pacing was greatly reduced. During rapid pacing (160 ms) or AF, the amplitude of the atrial pressure waves had declined to 20% of control. The compliance of the fibrillating atria increased twofold, whereas the right atrial pressure was unchanged. As a result, the mean right atrial diameter increased by ∼12%. All changes were reversible within 3 days of sinus rhythm. We conclude that atrial dilatation during the first days of AF is due to an increase in atrial compliance caused by loss of atrial contractility during AF. Atrial compliance and size are restored when atrial contractility recovers after cardioversion of AF.

scholarly journals Evaluation of human temporal bone for loacting favourable site to place longer implant for implant retained auricular prosthesis –a clinicoanatomic study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
K Ramkumar ◽  
◽  
S. Sripriya ◽  
C. Sabarigirinathan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Human Temporal Bone ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Paired T Test

Aim: To find sites in human temporal bone for placing longer implant Materials & Methods: Dry human skull were procured from the anatomy department. External acoustic meatus(EAM) was taken as reference point from that point five arcs of radius15mm, 20mm,25mm,30mm,35 mm were drawn over the temporal bone. The temporal bone removed from the skull and the bone is removed from the outer most point towards the EAM. The thickness of the bone at 1oClock and 4o Clock position and 8oClock and 11o Clock position over the left and right side of the temporal measured using digital Vernier calliper. The temporal bone is thicker at the 3oClock on the left and 9oClock on the right side. The thickness at the new position also measured. Result: The mean bone thickness at 15mm, 20mm, 25mm ranges from 3.92 to 12.08mm. The mean bone Thickness at the 3oclock and 9 o clock position at the distance of 20mm from EAM ranges from 8.21 to 8.50mm.The Statistical significance within the group were analysed using paired t test and found to be statistical significant at P value less than. 05. Conclusion: The external surface of temporal bone at the 3oClock on the left and 9oClock on the right side denser and thicker. The bone availability is also more favours for placing longer implant.

Lateral lakes of Trolard: anatomy, quantitation, and surgical landmarks

2008 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shane Tubbs ◽  
Marios Loukas ◽  
Mohammadali M. Shoja ◽  
Nihal Apaydin ◽  
Mohammad R. Ardalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Coronal Suture ◽  
Sagittal Suture ◽  
Conflicting Information ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Venous Lakes

Object There is scant and conflicting information in the literature regarding the lateral lacunae, or lateral lakes of Trolard. As these venous structures can be encountered surgically, this study aimed at further elucidating their anatomy, identifying surgical landmarks, and associated quantitation. Methods Thirty-five adult cadavers were dissected of lateral lacunae. Following quantitation of the lacunae, these structures were measured, as were the distances from them to the coronal and sagittal sutures. Results A mean of 1.9 lacunae were identified on the right sides and 1.4 lacunae on the left sides. Although there tended to be slightly more lacunae on the right sides, this difference did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). The average lengths of the lacunae were 3.2 and 2.0 cm for the right and left sides, respectively. The mean widths of these venous lakes were 1.5 cm for the right sides and 0.8 cm for the left sides. Lacunae were variably positioned but tended to cluster near the vertex of the skull. None were identified posterior to the lambdoid sutures, and only 5 were found to lie anterior to the coronal suture, with 4 of these located on right sides (p < 0.05). When lacunae were identified anterior to the coronal suture, they were generally 5–6 cm from this structure. The majority of lacunae could be identified between the coronal and lambdoid sutures and within 3 cm of the midline. Conclusions Although the situation varies, lateral lacunae are concentrated posterior to the coronal suture and anterior to the lambdoid sutures. They are most often found within 3 cm of the sagittal suture. These previously unreported data could be useful to the neurosurgeon in planning surgical procedures that traverse the calvaria.

Why do Zenker's diverticulae occur more often on the left than the right side?

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (06) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
N A Fitchat ◽  
S Maharaj ◽  
M O Kwete
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Zenker’S Diverticulum ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Zenker's Diverticulum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

AbstractBackgroundZenker's diverticulum is a pharyngoesophageal outpouching of mucosa and submucosa through Killian's dehiscence.ObjectiveTo investigate the propensity for Zenker's diverticulum to occur on the left side by examining muscle thickness in Killian's dehiscence, and to explore correlations between muscle thickness, sex, height and age.MethodsThe study included 109 Caucasian cadavers, 52 male and 57 female. The mean thickest and thinnest measurements of left medial, left lateral, right medial and right lateral aspects of Killian's dehiscence were calculated. The paired student's t-test was used to determine significance.ResultsThe average left muscle layer was significantly thinner than the right muscle layer, in both medial and lateral aspects. Furthermore, medial muscle thickness was significantly thinner than its respective lateral aspect for both the left and right sides. No correlations were found between muscle thickness and cadavers’ sex, length or stature, or age.ConclusionThere was a significant difference in muscle thickness between the left and right sides of Killian's dehiscence. The findings suggest there is a reason why Zenker's diverticulum occurs predominantly on the left side. The study also showed a significant difference in muscle thickness between the medial and lateral aspects of Killian's triangle.

A novel system for the reconstruction of a coronary artery lumen profile in real time: a preclinical validation

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (1) ◽  
pp. H485-H492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghassan S. Kassab ◽  
Jenny S. Choy ◽  
Mark Svendsen ◽  
Anjan K. Sinha ◽  
Mouhamad Alloosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Circumflex Artery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Catheterization Laboratory ◽  
Left Circumflex Artery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Accurate sizing of vessel diameter is important for understanding the physiology of blood vessels as well as the treatment of coronary and peripheral artery disease. The objective of this study was to validate a novel catheter-based system [the LumenRECON (LR) system] for the real-time reconstruction of lumen cross-sectional area (CSA) along the length of a vessel segment. A total of 22 swine (20 Yorkshire and 2 atherosclerotic Ossabaw swine) were used to evaluate the accuracy, reproducibility, and safety of the system compared with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). The CSA of the right coronary artery, left anterior descending coronary artery, and left circumflex artery were determined by IVUS and the LR system over a 3- to 4-cm segment in 12 Yorkshire and 2 atherosclerotic Ossabaw swine and 2 postmortem atherosclerotic human hearts. In eight chronic animals, the effect of the LR catheter on the vessel wall was evaluated at 1 day and 2 wk (4 animals each) after the intervention. A Bland-Altman plot of the LR and IVUS data showed a mean difference between the two measurements of 0.055 mm in diameter, which was not statistically significant from zero, indicating a lack of bias in the comparison of the LR system with IVUS. The root mean square error of the two measurements was 10.2% of the mean IVUS diameter. The repeatability of the LR system was assessed using duplicate measurements. The mean of the difference between the two measurements was nearly zero, and the repeatability coefficient was within 4.5% of the mean of the two measurements. No injury or intimal hyperplasia was found acutely or chronically after the use of the LR system. This study establishes the accuracy, reproducibility, and safety of a nonimaging 2.7-Fr catheter for lumen sizing of coronary arteries. The system provides a continuous quantitative axial profile of the mean vessel lumen in real time and may have significant utility in vascular research and clinically in the catheterization laboratory.

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