scholarly journals High Arsenic Levels Increase Activity Rather Than Diversity or Abundance of Arsenic Metabolism Genes in Paddy Soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Yu Zhang ◽  
Xiao Xiao ◽  
Song-Can Chen ◽  
Yong-Guan Zhu ◽  
Konstantinos T. Konstantinidis
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
As Species ◽  
Toxic Metalloid ◽  
Occurrence Patterns ◽  
Transcriptome Level ◽  
High Arsenic

Abstract BackgroundArsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid pervasively present in the environment. Microorganisms have evolved the capacity to metabolize As, and As metabolism genes are ubiquitously present in the environment even in the absence of high concentration of As. However, the As metabolism genes diversity, relative abundance, and transcriptional activity in response to different As levels remain unclear, limiting our understanding of the microbial activities that control the fate of an important environmental pollutant. To address this issue, we applied metagenomics and metatranscriptomics to paddy soils showing a gradient of As concentrations to investigate As resistance genes (ars), including arsR, acr3, arsB, arsC, arsM, arsI, arsP and arsH as well as energy-generating As respiratory oxidation (aioA) and reduction (arrA) genes.ResultsSomewhat unexpectedly, the relative DNA abundances and diversity of ars, aioA and arrA genes were not significantly different between low and high (~10 vs ~100 mg kg-1) As soils. By comparison to available metagenomes from other soils, geographic distance rather than As levels drove the different composition of microbial communities. Arsenic significantly increased ars genes abundance only when its concentration was higher than 410 mg kg -1. In contrast, between low and high (~10 vs ~100 mg kg-1) As soils, metatranscriptomics revealed a significant increase in transcription of ars and aioA genes, which are induced by arsenite, the dominant As species in paddy soils, but not arrA genes, which are induced by arsenate. Co-occurrence patterns of arsR, acr3, and arsM genes were revealed by network analysis corroborating that the arsR, acr3 and arsM genes are usually organized in a single ars operon. The transcriptome level response appeared to be community-wide as opposed to taxon-specific. ConclusionsHigh As levels increased the activity of As metabolism genes rather than their abundance or diversity in paddy soils. These findings advance understanding of how microbes respond to high As levels and the diversity of As metabolism genes in paddy soils, and indicated that future studies of As metabolism in soil, and likely other environments, should include the function (transcriptome) level.

scholarly journals High arsenic levels increase activity rather than diversity or abundance of arsenic metabolism genes in paddy soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Yu Zhang ◽  
Xiao Xiao ◽  
Song-Can Chen ◽  
Yong-Guan Zhu ◽  
Konstantinos T. Konstantinidis
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
As Species ◽  
Toxic Metalloid ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Transcriptome Level

Abstract Arsenic (As) metabolism genes are generally present in soils but their diversity, relative abundance, and transcriptional activity in response to different As concentrations remain unclear, limiting our understanding of the microbial activities that control the fate of an important environmental pollutant. To address this issue, we applied metagenomics and metatranscriptomics to paddy soils showing a gradient of As concentrations to investigate As resistance genes (ars) including arsR, acr3, arsB, arsC, arsM, arsI, arsP, and arsH as well as energy-generating As respiratory oxidation (aioA) and reduction (arrA) genes. Somewhat unexpectedly, the relative DNA abundances and diversity of ars, aioA, and arrA genes were not significantly different between low and high (~10 vs ~100 mg kg-1) As soils. By comparison to available metagenomes from other soils, geographic distance rather than As levels drove the different compositions of microbial communities. Arsenic significantly increased ars genes abundance only when its concentration was higher than 410 mg kg-1. In contrast, between low and high As soils, metatranscriptomics revealed a significant increase in transcription of ars and aioA genes, which are induced by arsenite, the dominant As species in paddy soils, but not arrA genes, which are induced by arsenate. These patterns appeared to be community-wide as opposed to taxon-specific. Collectively, our findings advance understanding of how microbes respond to high As levels and the diversity of As metabolism genes in paddy soils and indicated that future studies of As metabolism in soil, or other environments, should include the function (transcriptome) level. IMPORTANCEArsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid pervasively present in the environment. Microorganisms have evolved the capacity to metabolize As, and As metabolism genes are ubiquitously present in the environment even in the absence of high concentrations of As. However, these previous studies were carried out at the DNA level and thus, the activity of the As metabolism genes detected remains essentially speculative. Here, we show that the high As levels in paddy soils increased the transcriptional activity rather than the relative DNA abundance and diversity of As metabolism genes. These findings advance our understanding of how microbes respond to and cope with high As levels and have implications for better monitoring and managing an important toxic metalloid in agricultural soils and possibly other ecosystems.

scholarly journals High arsenic levels increase activity rather than diversity or abundance of arsenic metabolism genes in paddy soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Yu Zhang ◽  
Xiao Xiao ◽  
Song-Can Chen ◽  
Yong-Guan Zhu ◽  
Guo-Xin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
As Species ◽  
Toxic Metalloid ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Transcriptome Level

Arsenic (As) metabolism genes are generally present in soils but their diversity, relative abundance, and transcriptional activity in response to different As concentrations remain unclear, limiting our understanding of the microbial activities that control the fate of an important environmental pollutant. To address this issue, we applied metagenomics and metatranscriptomics to paddy soils showing a gradient of As concentrations to investigate As resistance genes ( ars ) including arsR , acr3 , arsB , arsC , arsM , arsI , arsP , and arsH as well as energy-generating As respiratory oxidation ( aioA ) and reduction ( arrA ) genes. Somewhat unexpectedly, the relative DNA abundances and diversity of ars , aioA , and arrA genes were not significantly different between low and high (∼10 vs ∼100 mg kg −1 ) As soils. By comparison to available metagenomes from other soils, geographic distance rather than As levels drove the different compositions of microbial communities. Arsenic significantly increased ars genes abundance only when its concentration was higher than 410 mg kg −1 . In contrast, between low and high As soils, metatranscriptomics revealed a significant increase in transcription of ars and aioA genes, which are induced by arsenite, the dominant As species in paddy soils, but not arrA genes, which are induced by arsenate. These patterns appeared to be community-wide as opposed to taxon-specific. Collectively, our findings advance understanding of how microbes respond to high As levels and the diversity of As metabolism genes in paddy soils and indicated that future studies of As metabolism in soil, or other environments, should include the function (transcriptome) level. IMPORTANCE Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid pervasively present in the environment. Microorganisms have evolved the capacity to metabolize As, and As metabolism genes are ubiquitously present in the environment even in the absence of high concentrations of As. However, these previous studies were carried out at the DNA level and thus, the activity of the As metabolism genes detected remains essentially speculative. Here, we show that the high As levels in paddy soils increased the transcriptional activity rather than the relative DNA abundance and diversity of As metabolism genes. These findings advance our understanding of how microbes respond to and cope with high As levels and have implications for better monitoring and managing an important toxic metalloid in agricultural soils and possibly other ecosystems.

Comparison of Bioleaching High Arsenic-Bearing Copper Sulphide Concentrate Using Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans and Sulfobacillus Thermosulfidooxidans

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 1997-2003
Author(s):  
Hai Yun Xie ◽  
Zhuo Yue Lan ◽  
Shu Ming He ◽  
Li Kun Gao ◽  
Xiong Tong
Keyword(s):  
Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Arsenic Sulfide ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Copper Concentrate ◽  
Leaching Process ◽  
Sulfobacillus Thermosulfidooxidans ◽  
Moderate Thermophile ◽  
Arsenic Copper ◽  
High Arsenic

The usage of high-arsenic sulfide copper concentrate were limited because the arsenic in the concentrate harms the qualities of copper product and pollutes the environment. In this paper an innovative process for high-arsenic copper sulfide concentrate with with bio-oxidation respectively Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and moderate thermophile Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans has been studied out, and the influencing factors have been comparative studied during the leaching process, such as concentration particle size, leaching methods, pulp concentration, leaching time and the initial concentration of Fe3+, etc. Under the suitable leaching conditions, the experiments results show that the concentrate is leached 47.13% of Cu,50.09% of As and 52.46% of Fe by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and 82.39% of Cu,78.21% of As and 40.38% of Fe by moderate thermophile Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans. The high concentration initial Fe3+ has speeded leaching process up in the presence of moderate thermophile Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans, and when the pulp initial concentration of Fe3+ is in the range of 0.08~0.32mol/L, the leaching rate of Cu is 86.34~97.06%, As 89.22~94.13%. It is concluded that Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans have a better effect on bioleaching high-arsenic sulfide copper concentrate than Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.

scholarly journals Effect of Pretreatment on Magnetic Nanoparticle Growth on Graphene Surface and Magnetic Performance in Electroless Plating

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kyunbae Lee ◽  
Taehoon Kim ◽  
Sang Bok Lee ◽  
Byung Mun Jung
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Material ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Saturation Magnetization ◽  
Electroless Plating ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticle ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Graphene Surface ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Nanoparticle Growth ◽  
Magnetic Performance

Electroless plating involves sensitization, activation, and plating processes. Sensitization and activation are conducted by dipping the substrate in SnCl2 solution and PdCl2 solution, respectively. These pretreatment processes are required to plate the substrate with noncatalytic surfaces. We investigated the effect of sensitization on the magnetic properties of FeCoNi@graphene hybrids prepared via electroless plating. The solution concentrations during sensitization were varied to observe changes in the structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of FeCoNi@graphene using XRD, TEM, and VSM, respectively. Sensitization under high concentration produced a large amount of SnO2, resulting in low saturation magnetization. Further, the FeCoNi@graphene hybrid prepared via electroless plating without sensitization also exhibited low saturation magnetization owing to the formation of oxides and hydroxides. We prepared FeCoNi@graphene with a saturation magnetization of 40.8 emu/g under sensitization at low concentration; this is the highest saturation magnetization among the reported magnetic material@graphene hybrids prepared via electroless plating. This study provides guidelines for the pretreatment of graphene via electroless plating and should contribute to future studies on the synthesis of magnetic material@graphene hybrids.

scholarly journals Geographic distance and amorphous iron affect the abundance and distribution of Geobacteraceae in paddy soils in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2657-2665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Yan Yuan ◽  
Long-Jun Ding ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Song-Can Chen ◽  
Ye Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Amorphous Iron ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

scholarly journals Using Behavioral Experimentation to Understand the Social Structure of the Little Fire Ant (Wasmannia auropunctata) in Florida

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Aron Hornfeldt ◽  
Leo Ohyama ◽  
Andrea Lucky
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Fire Ant ◽  
Agricultural Pest ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Wasmannia Auropunctata ◽  
The Social ◽  
Little Fire Ant

Wasmannia auropunctata (LFA) is a small, yellow ant that is native to the Central and South America that has become a globally invasive species by acting as an agricultural pest in addition to being ecologically destructive in non-native regions. One trait thought to contribute to successful invasion of ants is unicoloniality, which is characterized by lack of aggression among workers and queens from different colonies. This results in colonies becoming effectively borderless, expanding as a single, massive colony across large geographic distance. These ants are known to be unicolonial in some parts of their range, but no studies to date have assessed unicoloniality in Florida populations. To determine whether LFA populations across Florida were members of a unicolonial lineage, we carried out integration trials using 27 colonies from 6 sites in 3 Florida counties. Approximately 20 workers from different colonies were placed together in an arena; after 24 hours they were evaluated to determine whether or not they integrated. Out of a total of 42 trials, 17 (40%) resulted in full integration and 25 (60%) did not. Colonies that were collected within 9 km of each other integrated, and ants from colonies beyond that distance did not integrate. These results suggest that the little fire is not unicolonial in Florida on a large scale, but perhaps on a smaller scale. Future studies should attempt to use colonies from more counties and incorporate genetic data to determine relatedness among these ants.

scholarly journals The biogeography of fungal communities in paddy soils is mainly driven by geographic distance

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1795-1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaolei Yuan ◽  
Limei Zhang ◽  
Hangwei Hu ◽  
Juntao Wang ◽  
Jupei Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Fungal Communities

Arsenic Immobilization by Biological Scorodite Crystallization: Effect of High Ferric Concentration and Foreign Seeds

2009 ◽  
Vol 71-73 ◽  
pp. 629-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula González Contreras ◽  
Jan Weijma ◽  
Cees N.J. Buisman
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Biological Oxidation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Kinetics Of Crystallization ◽  
Iron Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Crystallization Effect ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
High Arsenic

Biological scorodite is produced at 80°C and 1g L-1 As5+, using iron oxidizing bacteria Acidianus Sulfidivorans, with a molar ratio Fe/As of 1 and without the use of seeds. We investigated the effect of high ferrous concentration, Fe/As higher than 1, and the use of foreign seeds (gypsum) on biological scorodite crystallization. The use of high ferrous concentrations resulted in a retardation of the time of crystallization due to the high concentration of ferric produced by a high biological oxidation. However, ferrous biological oxidation might be controlled to avoid this effect. The use of seeds did not improve the kinetics of crystallization. Nonetheless, a high arsenic removal rate was observed in the presence of seeds probably as a result of the formation of less stable scorodite.

scholarly journals Determination of arsenic, cadmium, selenium, zinc and other trace elements in Bangladeshi fish and arsenic speciation study of Hilsa fish flesh and eggs: Implications for dietary intake

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Shaban W. Al-Rmalli ◽  
Richard O. Jenkins ◽  
Michael J. Watts ◽  
Parvez I. Haris
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Arsenic Speciation ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
As Species ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Bangladeshi Population

Exposure to As from drinking water and its impact on the health of the Bangladeshi population has received much attention. However, very little information is available regarding As exposure through consumption of fish, which is the main source of animal protein for the majority of Bangladeshis. In this study, concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Mn Se and Zn in different types of fish, consumed by Bangladeshis, were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Daily intakes of the toxic elements As, Cd and Pb through fish consumption were estimated to be 31.8, 0.4 and 4.8 μg/day, respectively. Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) contained the highest concentrations of total As (mean ± SD was 2.55 ± 1.3 mg/kg; n = 15) among the fish analysed. However, toxic inorganic As species were not detected. The dominant As species in Hilsa fish were: dimethylarsenic acid, arsenobetaine and arsenosugars, at 69, 11 and 20% of total As, respectively. The high concentration of Cd detected in Hilsa eggs (average 278 ± 518 μg/kg; range 7.4–1725 μg/kg; n = 10) is of concern since this may have harmful effects on the development of embryos and lead to a decline in the Hilsa population or the quality of the fish. It can also be harmful to those who consume Hilsa eggs on a regular basis. Selenium was found to be highest in Shoal (Micropterus cataractae) fish and a type of small fish, and lowest in Mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosis). Small fish species contained Mn and Zn at 7.1- and 4.3-fold higher concentrations, respectively, compared to big fish species. Keski (Corica soborna), a small fish species, contained by far the highest concentrations of Mn (52 mg/kg) and Zn (140 mg/kg), although the concentration of As (1.4 mg/kg) in this fish was lower than that of several other fish species. Small fish species are often consumed whole, including the bones, and therefore the essential trace elements present are potentially bioavailable for cellular metabolism. Our study shows that the Bangladeshi population can easily meet their daily requirement of Se and Zn from consumption of fish such as Shoal fish (Se and Zn), Hilsa fish (Se and Zn) and Keski fish (Se and Zn). Consumption of small fish (such as Keski) and big fish (such as Hilsa) from Bangladesh can provide valuable sources of essential trace elements as part of a balanced diet and thus negate the need for supplements and biofortification of certain foods. Ours is a small study and a detailed total dietary intake and human biomonitoring studies, that includes coverage of different socio-economic groups, are needed in Bangladesh before giving people supplements or biofortified foods.

scholarly journals Variation of Diatoms at Different Scales in the Brazilian Pantanal Basin

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 823
Author(s):  
Margaret S. Nardelli ◽  
André A. Padial ◽  
Denise C. Bicudo ◽  
Claudia M. d. S. Cordovil ◽  
Silvio C. Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Compositional Variation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Groundwater Aquifer

(1) Background: We analyzed the diatom community structure of the surface sediments, in three permanent ponds in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil, to better understand how biota in these aquatic environments depend on structural connectivity and functional connectivity: (2) Methods: Ten samples sites were established in each pond, water and the sediment were taken during the flood period. Abiotic–biotic variables were determined and standardized; (3) Results: The three ponds presented acidic water and high concentration of nitrogen, with the highest acidity for Ferradura Pond (P1) and the highest trophic status index for Burro Pond (P2), but the greatest environmental variations occurred in Caracará Pond (P3). The variation in diversity between sites in the same pond is what contributes the most to gamma diversity. The most abundant species was Aulacoseiraitalica (Ehrenberg) Simonsen and the genus Eunotia Ehrenberg was the most representative in species. Ferradura Pond, there was a relationship between compositional and environmental dissimilarities with geographic distance, but there was no independent. Burro Pond, the relationship the compositional variation with environmental variables was not significant. Caracará Pond, there was a relationship of compositional dissimilarity both with geographical distance and with environmental; (4) Conclusions: The set of results suggests that the mechanisms that determine the metacommunity of each pond are different and that the environmental conditions and dispersion influenced the structure and composition. Since, diatom species were different between ponds, and ponds more eutrophic showed less diversity. The pH and oligotrophy were the main factors to maintain the greatest diversity of species of the genus Eunotia and the greatest abundance of Aulacoseira italica. Knowing the dynamics and structure of diatoms, which are at the beginning of the food chain, is essential for conserving, maintaining, or rehabilitating wetland ecosystems, such as the Pantanal, which is part La Plata river basin, which represents the second largest surface for water resources in South America and the Guarani Aquifer System, the biggest unified groundwater aquifer in the world.

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