scholarly journals Gene Expression Profiles Underlying Aggressive Behavior in the Prefrontal Cortex of Cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina G. Eusebi ◽  
Natalia Sevane ◽  
Thomas O´Rourke ◽  
Manuel Pizarro ◽  
Cedric Boeckx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Functional Interpretation

Abstract Background: Aggressive behavior is an ancient and conserved trait habitual for most animals in order to eat, protect themselves, compete for mating and defend their territories. Genetic factors have been shown to play an important role in the development of aggression both in animals and humans, displaying moderate to high heritability estimates. Although, such types of conducts have been studied in different animal models, the molecular architecture of aggressiveness remains poorly understood. This study compared gene expression profiles of 16 prefrontal cortex (PFC) samples from aggressive and non-aggressive cattle breeds: Lidia, selected for agonistic responses, and Wagyu, selected for tameness. Results: A total of 918 up-regulated and 278 down-regulated DEG were identified. The functional interpretation of the up-regulated genes in the aggressive cohort revealed enrichment of pathways such as the Alzheimer disease-presenilin, integrins or the ERK/MAPK signaling cascade, all implicated in the development of abnormal aggressive behaviors and neurophysiological disorders. Moreover, gonadotropins, are also up-regulated as natural mechanisms enhancing aggression. Concomitantly, heterotrimeric G-protein pathways, associated with low reactivity mental states, and the GAD2 gene, a repressor of agonistic reactions associated with PFC activity, are down-regulated, promoting the development of the aggressive responses selected for in Lidia cattle. We also identified six upstream regulators, whose functional activity fits with the etiology of abnormal behavioral responses associated with aggression. Conclusions: These transcriptional correlates of aggression, resulting, at least in part, from controlled artificial selection, can provide valuable insights into the complex architecture that underlies naturally developed agonistic behaviors.This analysis constitutes a first important step towards the identification of the genes and metabolic pathways that impulse aggression in cattle and, hence, we are providing a novel species as model organism for disentangling the mechanisms underlying variability in aggressive behavior.

scholarly journals Gene expression profiles underlying aggressive behavior in the prefrontal cortex of cattle

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina G. Eusebi ◽  
Natalia Sevane ◽  
Thomas O’Rourke ◽  
Manuel Pizarro ◽  
Cedric Boeckx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Functional Interpretation ◽  
High Heritability

Abstract Background Aggressive behavior is an ancient and conserved trait, habitual for most animals in order to eat, protect themselves, compete for mating and defend their territories. Genetic factors have been shown to play an important role in the development of aggression both in animals and humans, displaying moderate to high heritability estimates. Although such types of behaviors have been studied in different animal models, the molecular architecture of aggressiveness remains poorly understood. This study compared gene expression profiles of 16 prefrontal cortex (PFC) samples from aggressive and non-aggressive cattle breeds: Lidia, selected for agonistic responses, and Wagyu, selected for tameness. Results A total of 918 up-regulated and 278 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified, representing above-chance overlap with genes previously identified in studies of aggression across species, as well as those implicated in recent human evolution. The functional interpretation of the up-regulated genes in the aggressive cohort revealed enrichment of pathways such as Alzheimer disease-presenilin, integrins and the ERK/MAPK signaling cascade, all implicated in the development of abnormal aggressive behaviors and neurophysiological disorders. Moreover, gonadotropins, are up-regulated as natural mechanisms enhancing aggression. Concomitantly, heterotrimeric G-protein pathways, associated with low reactivity mental states, and the GAD2 gene, a repressor of agonistic reactions associated with PFC activity, are down-regulated, promoting the development of the aggressive responses selected for in Lidia cattle. We also identified six upstream regulators, whose functional activity fits with the etiology of abnormal behavioral responses associated with aggression. Conclusions These transcriptional correlates of aggression, resulting, at least in part, from controlled artificial selection, can provide valuable insights into the complex architecture that underlies naturally developed agonistic behaviors. This analysis constitutes a first important step towards the identification of the genes and metabolic pathways that promote aggression in cattle and, providing a novel model species to disentangle the mechanisms underlying variability in aggressive behavior.

scholarly journals Gene expression profiles underlying aggressive behavior in the prefrontal cortex of cattle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina G. Eusebi ◽  
Natalia Sevane ◽  
Manuel Pizarro ◽  
Marta Valero ◽  
Susana Dunner
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Functional Interpretation

SummaryAggressive behavior is an ancient and conserved trait considered habitual and essential for most animals in order to eat, protect themselves from predators and also to compete for mating and defend their territories. Genetic factors have shown to play an important role in the development of aggression both in animals and humans, displaying moderate to high heritability estimates. However, although such types of conducts have been studied in different animal models, the molecular architecture of aggressiveness remains poorly understood. This study compared gene expression profiles of 16 prefrontal cortex (PFC) samples from aggressive and non-aggressive cattle breeds: Lidia, selected for agonistic responses, and Wagyu, specialized on meat production and selected for tameness. RNA sequencing was used to identify 918 up and 278 down-regulated differentiated expressed genes (DEG). The functional interpretation of the up-regulated genes in the aggressive cohort revealed enrichment of pathways such as the Alzheimer disease-presenilin, integrins or the ERK/MAPK signaling cascade, all implicated in the development of abnormal aggressive behaviors and neurophysiological disorders. Moreover, gonadotropins, leading to testosterone release, are also up-regulated as natural mechanisms enhancing aggression. Concomitantly, heterotrimeric G-protein pathways, associated with low reactivity mental states, and the GAD2 gene, a repressor of agonistic reactions at PFC, are down-regulated, guaranteeing the development of the adequate responses required by the aggressive Lidia cattle. We also identified six upstream regulators, whose functional activity fits with the etiology of abnormal behavioral responses associated with aggression. These results provide valuable insights into the complex architecture that underlie naturally developed agonistic behaviors.

scholarly journals Comparison of gene expression profiles in the blood, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie H Witt ◽  
Wolfgang H Sommer ◽  
Anita C Hansson ◽  
Carsten Sticht ◽  
Marcella Rietschel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles

scholarly journals Characteristic Features of the Transcriptome in a Rat Strain with Audiogenic Epilepsy

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyubov N. Chuvakova ◽  
Sergey Yu. Funikov ◽  
Artem I. Davletshin ◽  
Irina B. Fedotova ◽  
Mikhail B. Evgen'ev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Repair System ◽  
Audiogenic Epilepsy ◽  
Rat Strain ◽  
Characteristic Features

Audiogenic epilepsy (AE), developing in rodent strains in response to sound, is widely used as the model of generalized convulsive epilepsy, while the molecular mechanisms determining AE are currently poorly understood. The brain region that is crucial for AE development isthe inferior and superior colliculi (IC, SC). We compared IC-SC gene expression profiles in rats with different AE susceptibility using transcriptome analysis.The transcriptomes were obtained from the IC-SC of Wistar rats (with no AE), Krushinsky-Molodkina (KM) strain rats (100% AE susceptible), and ”0” strain rats (with no AE) selected from F2 KM x Wistar hybrids for AE absence. KM gene expression displayed characteristic differences inboth of the strains that were not susceptible to AE. There was increased expression of a number of genes responsible for positive regulation of the MAPK signaling cascade, as well as of genes responsible for the production of interferon and several other cytokines. An increase in the expression levels of theTTR gene was found in KM rats, as well as significantly lower expression of the Msh3 gene (involved in post-replicative DNA repair systems). AE was also describedin the 101/HY mouse strain with a mutation in the locus controlling DNA repair. The DNA repair system defects could be the primary factor leading to the accumulation of mutations, which, in turn, promote AE. Keywords: udiogenic seizure, KM strain, transcriptome, TTR gene, Msh3 gene, DNA repair

scholarly journals Social boldness correlates with brain gene expression in male green anoles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kabelik ◽  
Allison R. Julien ◽  
Dave Ramirez ◽  
Lauren A. O’Connell
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Ventromedial Hypothalamus ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Neural Underpinnings

AbstractWithin populations, some individuals tend to exhibit a bold or shy social behavior phenotype relative to the mean. The neural underpinnings of these differing phenotypes – also described as syndromes, personalities, and coping styles – is an area of ongoing investigation. Although a social decision-making network has been described across vertebrate taxa, most studies examining activity within this network do so in relation to exhibited differences in behavioral expression. Our study instead focuses on constitutive gene expression in bold and shy individuals by isolating baseline gene expression profiles that influence social boldness predisposition, rather than those reflecting the results of social interaction and behavioral execution. We performed this study on male green anole lizards (Anolis carolinensis), an established model organism for behavioral research, which provides a crucial comparison group to investigations of birds and mammals. After identifying subjects as bold or shy through repeated reproductive and agonistic behavior testing, we used RNA sequencing to compare gene expression profiles between these groups within various forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain regions. The ventromedial hypothalamus had the largest group differences in gene expression, with bold males having increased expression of calcium channels and neuroendocrine receptor genes compared to shy males. Conversely, shy males express more integrin alpha-10 in the majority of examined regions. There were no significant group differences in physiology or hormone levels. Our results highlight the ventromedial hypothalamus as an important center of behavioral differences across individuals and provide novel candidates for investigation into the regulation of individual variation in social behavior phenotype.

scholarly journals Intra- and intergenerational changes in the cortical DNA methylome in response to therapeutic intermittent hypoxia in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystal Courtney D. Belmonte ◽  
Jarrod C. Harman ◽  
Nicholas A. Lanson ◽  
Jeffrey M. Gidday
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Dna Methylome ◽  
Methylated Dna ◽  
Modified Dna ◽  
F1 Generation

Recent evidence from our laboratory documents functional resilience to retinal ischemic injury in untreated mice derived from parents exposed to repetitive hypoxic conditioning (RHC) before breeding. To begin to understand the epigenetic basis of this intergenerational protection, we used methylated DNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing to identify genes with differentially methylated promoters (DMGPs) in the prefrontal cortex of mice treated directly with the same RHC stimulus (F0-RHC) and in the prefrontal cortex of their untreated F1-generation offspring (F1-*RHC). Subsequent bioinformatic analyses provided key mechanistic insights into how changes in gene expression secondary to promoter hypo- and hypermethylation might afford such protection within and across generations. We found extensive changes in DNA methylation in both generations consistent with the expression of many survival-promoting genes, with twice the number of DMGPs in the cortex of F1*RHC mice relative to their F0 parents that were directly exposed to RHC. In contrast to our hypothesis that similar epigenetic modifications would be realized in the cortices of both F0-RHC and F1-*RHC mice, we instead found relatively few DMGPs common to both generations; in fact, each generation manifested expected injury resilience via distinctly unique gene expression profiles. Whereas in the cortex of F0-RHC mice, predicted protein-protein interactions reflected activation of an anti-ischemic phenotype, networks activated in F1-*RHC cortex comprised networks indicative of a much broader cytoprotective phenotype. Altogether, our results suggest that the intergenerational transfer of an acquired phenotype to offspring does not necessarily require the faithful recapitulation of the conditioning-modified DNA methylome of the parent.

scholarly journals ANISEED 2019: 4D exploration of genetic data for an extended range of tunicates

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Dardaillon ◽  
Delphine Dauga ◽  
Paul Simion ◽  
Emmanuel Faure ◽  
Takeshi A Onuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Model Organism Database ◽  
Oikopleura Dioica ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Taxonomic Range ◽  
Or Gene

Abstract ANISEED (https://www.aniseed.cnrs.fr) is the main model organism database for the worldwide community of scientists working on tunicates, the vertebrate sister-group. Information provided for each species includes functionally-annotated gene and transcript models with orthology relationships within tunicates, and with echinoderms, cephalochordates and vertebrates. Beyond genes the system describes other genetic elements, including repeated elements and cis-regulatory modules. Gene expression profiles for several thousand genes are formalized in both wild-type and experimentally-manipulated conditions, using formal anatomical ontologies. These data can be explored through three complementary types of browsers, each offering a different view-point. A developmental browser summarizes the information in a gene- or territory-centric manner. Advanced genomic browsers integrate the genetic features surrounding genes or gene sets within a species. A Genomicus synteny browser explores the conservation of local gene order across deuterostome. This new release covers an extended taxonomic range of 14 species, including for the first time a non-ascidian species, the appendicularian Oikopleura dioica. Functional annotations, provided for each species, were enhanced through a combination of manual curation of gene models and the development of an improved orthology detection pipeline. Finally, gene expression profiles and anatomical territories can be explored in 4D online through the newly developed Morphonet morphogenetic browser.

scholarly journals Gene Expression Profiles in Parkinson Disease Prefrontal Cortex Implicate FOXO1 and Genes under Its Transcriptional Regulation

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. e1002794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Dumitriu ◽  
Jeanne C. Latourelle ◽  
Tiffany C. Hadzi ◽  
Nathan Pankratz ◽  
Dan Garza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles

Gene expression profiles in the prefrontal cortex of SHR rats by cDNA microarrays

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1733-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Qiu ◽  
Qin Hong ◽  
Rong-hua Chen ◽  
Mei-ling Tong ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Cdna Microarrays ◽  
Shr Rats

scholarly journals Comparison of two different host plant genera responding to grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia A. Prator ◽  
Kar Mun Chooi ◽  
Dan Jones ◽  
Marcus W. Davy ◽  
Robin M. MacDiarmid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Narrow Host Range ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Physiological Processes

Abstract Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is one of the most important viruses of grapevine but, despite this, there remain several gaps in our understanding of its biology. Because of its narrow host range - limited to Vitis species - and because the virus is restricted to the phloem, most GLRaV-3 research has concentrated on epidemiology and the development of detection assays. The recent discovery that GLRaV-3 can infect Nicotiana benthamiana, a plant model organism, makes new opportunities available for research in this field. We used RNA-seq to compare both V. vinifera and P1/HC-Pro N. benthamiana host responses to GLRaV-3 infection. Our analysis revealed that the majority of DEGs observed between the two hosts were unique although responses between the two hosts also showed several shared gene expression results. When comparing gene expression patterns that were shared between the two hosts, we observed the downregulation of genes associated with stress chaperones, and the induction of gene families involved in primary plant physiological processes. This is the first analysis of gene expression profiles beyond Vitis to mealybug-transmitted GLRaV-3 and demonstrates that N. benthamiana could serve as a useful tool for future studies of GLRaV-3-host interactions.

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