scholarly journals Applying 3D-Eco Routing Model to Reduce Environmental Footprint of Road Transports in Addis Ababa City

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seifu Woldemichael Busho ◽  
Daniel Alemayehu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Applied Model

Abstract Climate change has emerged as a very important threat to economic development, atmosphere, and public health. One of the driving factors for global climate change was road transportation. therefore, this sector needs a responsibility of reducing its effect on the environment. this study finds ways to mitigate climate change impacts on environment especially greenhouse gas emissions and other selected air pollutants by anew navigation concept called eco route by applying a 3D Eco -Routing Model to reduce the environmental footprints of road transports in Addis Ababa city for distribution vehicles. The applied model in this study considered the road gradient, varying velocity or speed of vehicles, and weight of vehicles to evaluate gradient effects on consumption of fuel, CO 2 and also other air pollutants emission, the model is applied in three scenarios within different vehicle weight range and three different cases in the city of Addis Ababa, political capital of Africa, The attained results imply eco-routes emission Reduction potentials up to 39.81% from fuel and CO 2 and 25.65% from other air pollutant in the tested scenarios. The results showed that Eco Routes have the ability of reducing Fuel consumption, CO 2 and other air pollutant emission rate. Such potentials of eco routes make them an ecological solution for a future sustainable transportation in Addis Ababa City. This study recommends the use of Eco Routes, rather than Fastest and Shortest Routes, where significant road gradients exist.

scholarly journals Applying 3D-Eco Routing Model to Reduce Environmental Footprint of Road Transports in Addis Ababa City

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seifu Woldemichael Busho ◽  
Daniel Alemayehu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Environmental Footprints

Abstract BackgroundClimate change has emerged as a very important threat to economic development, atmosphere, and public health. One of the driving factors behind global climate change is road transportation. Therefore, the sector needs to take on the responsibility of addressing its negative impacts on the environment. This study seeks to find ways of mitigating the impacts of climate change. It pays particular attention to greenhouse gas emissions and other selected air pollutants based on anew navigation concept called eco-route, a3D Eco -Routing transportation planning method that can help reduce the environmental footprints of Road transports in Addis Ababacity for distribution vehicles. The model applied in this study considered the road gradient, varying velocity or speed of vehicles, and weight of vehicles to evaluate gradient effects on consumption of fuel, CO2 and also other air pollutants emission. The model is applied in three scenarios within different vehicle weight ranges and three different cases in Addis Ababa.ResultThe finds of the study imply the eco-routes emission reduction potential from fuel and CO2 in the tested scenarios is up to 39.81% while other air pollutants account for 25.65%.The results prove that Eco Routes have the ability of reducing Fuel consumption, CO2 and other air pollutant emission rate.ConclusionsEco routes have the potential to provide sustainable transportation opportunities for Addis Ababa city. This study recommends that eco-routes should be used instead of Shortest and Fastest routes where significant road gradients exist.

scholarly journals A high-resolution, spatially explicit estimate of fossil-fuel CO2 emissions from the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richao Cong ◽  
Makoto Saito ◽  
Tomohiro Oda ◽  
Tetsuo Fukui ◽  
Ryuichi Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Emission Data

Abstract Background: The quantification of urban greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is an important task in combating climate change. Emission inventories that include spatially explicit emission estimates facilitate the accurate tracking of emission changes, identification of emission sources, and formulation of policies for climate-change mitigation. Many currently available gridded emission estimates are based on the disaggregation of country- or state-wide emission estimates, which may be useful in describing city-wide emissions but are of limited value in tracking changes at subnational levels. Urban GHG emissions should therefore be quantified with a true bottom-up approach. Results: Multi-resolution, spatially explicit estimates of fossil-fuel carbon dioxide (FFCO2) emissions from the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan, were derived. Spatially explicit emission data were collected for point (e.g., power plants and waste incinerators), line (mostly traffic), and area (e.g., residential and commercial areas) sources. Emissions were mapped on the basis of emission rates calculated for source locations. Activity, emissions, and spatial data were integrated, and the results were visualized using a geographic information system approach. Conclusions: The annual total FFCO2 emissions from the Tokyo Metropolis in 2014 were 44,855 Gg CO2, with the road-transportation sector (16,323 Gg CO2) accounting for 36.4% of the total. Spatial emission patterns were verified via a comparison with the East Asian Air Pollutant Emission Grid Database for Japan (EAGrid-Japan), which demonstrated the applicability of this methodology to other prefectures and therefore the entire country.

scholarly journals Collaborative Governance Mechanism of Climate Change and Air Pollution: Evidence from China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6785
Author(s):  
Bing Wang ◽  
Yifan Wang ◽  
Yuqing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Industrial Carbon

Since entering the industrialized era, China’s greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutant emissions have increased rapidly. China is the country with the most greenhouse gas emissions, and it is also facing serious local air pollution problems. China’s industrial sector is the largest contributor to CO2 and air pollutants. The resulting climate change and air pollution issues have caused China to face double pressures. This article uses the CO2 and comprehensive air pollutant emission data of China’s industrial sector as a starting point and uses econometric research methods to explore the synergy between China’s industrial carbon emission reduction and industrial comprehensive air pollutant emission reduction. The synergistic effect between industrial carbon emissions and industrial comprehensive air pollutant emissions has been quantified, and the transmission path of the synergistic effect has been explored. The empirical results show that there are benefits of synergistic governance between climate change and air pollution in China’s industrial sector. Every 1000 tons of carbon reduction in the industrial sector will result in 1 ton of comprehensive air pollutant reduction. The increase in R&D expenditure in the energy and power sector can significantly promote the reduction of air pollutants in the industrial sector. Increasing the intensity of environmental regulations is the main expansion path for synergy. However, in eastern, central, and western China, the synergy is not the same. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate regionally differentiated emission reduction policies. The research conclusions of this article can provide policy references for the coordinated governance of climate change and air pollution in China.

scholarly journals Response of Global Air Pollutant Emissions to Climate Change and Its Potential Effects on Human Life Expectancy Loss

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 3670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianwen Cheng ◽  
Manchun Li ◽  
Feixue Li ◽  
Haoqing Tang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Geographical Environment

Geographical environment and climate change are basic factors for spatial fluctuations in the global distribution of air pollutants. Against the background of global climate change, further investigation is needed on how meteorological characteristics and complex geographical environment variations can drive spatial air pollution variations. This study analyzed the response of air pollutant emissions to climate change and the potential effects of air pollutant emissions on human health by integrating the air pollutant emission simulation model (GAINS) with 3 versions and CMIP5. The mechanism by which meteorological characteristics and geographical matrices can drive air pollution based on monitoring data at the site-scale was also examined. We found the total global emission of major air pollutants increased 1.32 times during 1970–2010. Air pollutant emissions will increase 2.89% and 4.11% in China and developed countries when the scenario of only maximum technically feasible reductions is performed (V4a) during 2020–2050. However, it will decrease 19.33% and 6.78% respectively by taking the V5a climate scenario into consideration, and precipitation variation will contribute more to such change, especially in China. Locally, the air circulation mode that is dominated by local geographical matrices and meteorological characteristics jointly affect the dilution and diffusion of air pollutants. Therefore, natural conditions, such as climate changes, meteorological characteristics and topography, play an important role in spatial air pollutant emissions and fluctuations, and must be given more attention in the processes of air pollution control policy making.

scholarly journals A high-resolution, spatially explicit estimate of fossil-fuel CO2 emissions from the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richao Cong ◽  
Makoto Saito ◽  
Tetsuo Fukui ◽  
Ryuichi Hirata ◽  
Akihiko Ito
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Emission Data

Abstract Background: The quantification of urban greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is an important task in combating climate change. Emission inventories that include spatially explicit emission estimates facilitate the accurate tracking of emission changes, identification of emission sources, and formulation of policies for climate-change mitigation. Many currently available gridded emission estimates are based on the disaggregation of country- or state-wide emission estimates, which may be useful in describing city-wide emissions but are of limited value in tracking changes at subnational levels. Urban GHG emissions should therefore be quantified with a true bottom-up approach. Results: Multi-resolution, spatially explicit estimates of fossil-fuel carbon dioxide (FFCO2) emissions from the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan, were derived. Spatially explicit emission data were collected for point (e.g., power plants and waste incinerators), line (mostly traffic), and area (e.g., residential and commercial areas) sources. Emissions were mapped on the basis of emission rates calculated for source locations. Activity, emissions, and spatial data were integrated, and the results were visualized using a geographic information system approach.Conclusions: The annual total FFCO2 emissions from the Tokyo Metropolis in 2014 were 43,916 Gg CO2, with the road-transportation sector (16,323 Gg CO2) accounting for 37.2% of the total. Spatial emission patterns were verified via a comparison with the East Asian Air Pollutant Emission Grid Database for Japan (EAGrid-Japan) and the Open‐source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2 (ODIAC), which demonstrated the applicability of this methodology to other prefectures and therefore the entire country.

scholarly journals A high-resolution, spatially explicit estimate of fossil-fuel CO2 emissions from the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richao Cong ◽  
Makoto Saito ◽  
Tetsuo Fukui ◽  
Ryuichi Hirata ◽  
Akihiko Ito
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Emission Data

Abstract Background: The quantification of urban greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is an important task in combating climate change. Emission inventories that include spatially explicit emission estimates facilitate the accurate tracking of emission changes, identification of emission sources, and formulation of policies for climate-change mitigation. Many currently available gridded emission estimates are based on the disaggregation of country- or state-wide emission estimates, which may be useful in describing city-wide emissions but are of limited value in tracking changes at subnational levels. Urban GHG emissions should therefore be quantified with a true bottom-up approach. Results: Multi-resolution, spatially explicit estimates of fossil-fuel carbon dioxide (FFCO2) emissions from the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan, were derived. Spatially explicit emission data were collected for point (e.g., power plants and waste incinerators), line (mostly traffic), and area (e.g., residential and commercial areas) sources. Emissions were mapped on the basis of emission rates calculated for source locations. Activity, emissions, and spatial data were integrated, and the results were visualized using a geographic information system approach.Conclusions: The annual total FFCO2 emissions from the Tokyo Metropolis in 2014 were 43,916 Gg CO2, with the road-transportation sector (16,323 Gg CO2) accounting for 37.2% of the total. Spatial emission patterns were verified via a comparison with the East Asian Air Pollutant Emission Grid Database for Japan (EAGrid-Japan) and the Open‐source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2 (ODIAC), which demonstrated the applicability of this methodology to other prefectures and therefore the entire country.

scholarly journals A high-resolution, spatially explicit estimate of fossil-fuel CO2 emissions from the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richao Cong ◽  
Makoto Saito ◽  
Tetsuo Fukui ◽  
Ryuichi Hirata ◽  
Akihiko Ito
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Emission Data

Abstract Background: The quantification of urban greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is an important task in combating climate change. Emission inventories that include spatially explicit emission estimates facilitate the accurate tracking of emission changes, identification of emission sources, and formulation of policies for climate-change mitigation. Many currently available gridded emission estimates are based on the disaggregation of country- or state-wide emission estimates, which may be useful in describing city-wide emissions but are of limited value in tracking changes at subnational levels. Urban GHG emissions should therefore be quantified with a true bottom-up approach. Results: Multi-resolution, spatially explicit estimates of fossil-fuel carbon dioxide (FFCO2 ) emissions from the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan, were derived. Spatially explicit emission data were collected for point (e.g., power plants and waste incinerators), line (mostly traffic), and area (e.g., residential and commercial areas) sources. Emissions were mapped on the basis of emission rates calculated for source locations. Activity, emissions, and spatial data were integrated, and the results were visualized using a geographic information system approach. Conclusions: The annual total FFCO2 emissions from the Tokyo Metropolis in 2014 were 44,855 Gg CO2 , with the road-transportation sector (16,323 Gg CO2 ) accounting for 36.4% of the total. Spatial emission patterns were verified via a comparison with the East Asian Air Pollutant Emission Grid Database for Japan (EAGrid-Japan), which demonstrated the applicability of this methodology to other prefectures and therefore the entire country.

scholarly journals Global Potato Yields Increase Under Climate Change With Adaptation and CO2 Fertilisation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart A. Jennings ◽  
Ann-Kristin Koehler ◽  
Kathryn J. Nicklin ◽  
Chetan Deva ◽  
Steven M. Sait ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Modeling Studies ◽  
Potato Yields

The contribution of potatoes to the global food supply is increasing—consumption more than doubled in developing countries between 1960 and 2005. Understanding climate change impacts on global potato yields is therefore important for future food security. Analyses of climate change impacts on potato compared to other major crops are rare, especially at the global scale. Of two global gridded potato modeling studies published at the time of this analysis, one simulated the impacts of temperature increases on potential potato yields; the other did not simulate the impacts of farmer adaptation to climate change, which may offset negative climate change impacts on yield. These studies may therefore overestimate negative climate change impacts on yields as they do not simultaneously include CO2 fertilisation and adaptation to climate change. Here we simulate the abiotic impacts of climate change on potato to 2050 using the GLAM crop model and the ISI-MIP ensemble of global climate models. Simulations include adaptations to climate change through varying planting windows and varieties and CO2 fertilisation, unlike previous global potato modeling studies. Results show significant skill in reproducing observed national scale yields in Europe. Elsewhere, correlations are generally positive but low, primarily due to poor relationships between national scale observed yields and climate. Future climate simulations including adaptation to climate change through changing planting windows and crop varieties show that yields are expected to increase in most cases as a result of longer growing seasons and CO2 fertilisation. Average global yield increases range from 9 to 20% when including adaptation. The global average yield benefits of adaptation to climate change range from 10 to 17% across climate models. Potato agriculture is associated with lower green house gas emissions relative to other major crops and therefore can be seen as a climate smart option given projected yield increases with adaptation.

Recent Trends, Issues, and Challenges in Water Resource Development and Global Climate Change

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Prakash Rao ◽  
Yogesh Patil
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Resource Development ◽  
Water Resource Development ◽  
Climatic Regime ◽  
Recent Trends

Climate change impacts are being felt in many parts of the world and have become an issue of major concern. Tropical countries particularly those in the Asian region are at greater risk and vulnerable to the impacts of climate change as indicated by the report of IPCC. With regard to India there are several impacts forecast which could have adverse consequences on the natural resources and ecosystems of the country making them vulnerable and reducing their capacity to cope with a changing climatic regime. This introductory chapter of the book provides an insight to the recent trends, issues and challenges in water resource development in context to the global climate change.

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