scholarly journals Seroepidemiology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection in rural and semi-rural areas of the Littoral Region of Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henshaw Eyambe Mandi ◽  
Solomon Abebe Yimer ◽  
Cavin Epie Bekolo ◽  
Agnes Eyoh ◽  
Sindhiya Jan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Littoral Region ◽  
Elisa Testing ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Background: The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been established as a leading cause of acute lower respiratory illness (ALRI) in infants and children. In 2015, the global disease burden (GBD) study estimated that the overall RSV-ALRI mortality could be as high as 118200, with most death occurring in low- and middle-incomes countries (LMICs). This study aimed to assess the burden of RSV infection among children less than two years with acute respiratory infections (ARI) in the littoral region of Cameroon.Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study in seven health in the littoral region of Cameroon. Venous blood was collected using serum separation tubes from eligible children who visited these healthcare facilities with acute respiratory infections. ELISA testing was used to assess the seroprevalence of anti-IgM RSV for the total population and by selected demographic and health parameters and potential risk factors. Results: The overall RSV-associated ARI seroprevalence was 33% (95%CI:23.6-42.3; 33/100 children). The only demographic factor significantly associated with RSV acquisition was age of six months and below (odds ratio: 7.54 (2.62, 23.36); p=0.000). Children who were concomitantly infected with malaria had a lower risk of RSV infection (odds ratio: 0.38 (0.14, 0.95; P = 0.03). Conclusions: The RSV burden is high among children less than two years with ARI in the littoral region of Cameroon. There is a need for an effective public health RSV surveillance system with standard laboratory techniques and equipment to better understand the RSV disease age-specific incidence, seasonality, risk factors and RSV burden among patients in communities in Cameroon.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infection in rural and semi-rural areas of the Littoral Region of Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henshaw Eyambe Mandi ◽  
Bekolo Cavin Epie ◽  
Agnes Eyoh ◽  
Sindhiya Jan ◽  
Sue Ann Costa Clemens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Littoral Region ◽  
Elisa Testing ◽  
Health Centres ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Background The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been established as a leading cause of acute lower respiratory illness (ALRI) in infants and children. In 2015, the global disease burden (GBD) study estimated that the overall RSV-ALRI mortality could be as high as 118 200, with most death occurring in low- and middle-incomes countries (LMICs). This study aimed to assess the burden of RSV infection among children less than two years with acute respiratory infections (ARI) in the Littoral region of Cameroon. Methods We carried out a cross-sectional study in seven health centres in the Littoral region of Cameroon. Venous blood was collected using serum separation tubes from eligible children who visited these health centres with acute respiratory infections. ELISA testing was used to assess the seroprevalence of anti-IgM RSV for the total population and by selected demographic and health parameters and potential risk factors. Results The overall RSV-associated ARI seroprevalence was 33% (95%CI:23.6-42.3; 33/100 children). The only demographic factor significantly associated with RSV acquisition was age of six months and below (odds ratio: 7.54 (2.62, 23.36); p=0.000). Children who were clinically diagnosed to be concomitantly infected with malaria had a lower risk of RSV infection (odds ratio: 0.38 (0.14, 0.95; P = 0.03). Conclusions The RSV burden is high among children less than two years with ARI in the Littoral region of Cameroon. There is a need for an effective public health RSV surveillance system with standard laboratory techniques and equipment to better understand the RSV disease age-specific incidence, seasonality, risk factors and RSV burden among patients in communities in Cameroon.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infection in rural and semi-rural areas of the Littoral region of Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henshaw Mandi ◽  
Bekolo Cavin Epie ◽  
Agnes Eyoh ◽  
Sindhiya Jan ◽  
Sue Ann Costa Clemens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Littoral Region ◽  
Health Centres ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Background The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been established as a leading cause of acute lower respiratory illness (ALRI) in infants and children. In 2015, the global disease burden (GBD) study estimated that the overall RSV-ALRI mortality could be as high as 118,200, with most death occurring in low- and middle-incomes countries (LMIC). This study aimed to assess the burden of RSV infection among children less than 2 years with acute respiratory infections (ARI) in the Littoral region of Cameroon. Methods We carried out a cross-sectional study in seven health centres in the Littoral region of Cameroon. Venous blood was collected using serum separation tubes from eligible children who visited these health centres with acute respiratory infections. ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) testing was used to assess the seroprevalence of anti-IgM RSV for the total population and by selected demographic and health parameters and potential risk factors. Results The overall RSV-associated ARI seroprevalence was 33% (95%CI:23.6–42.3; 33/100 children). The only demographic factor significantly associated with RSV acquisition was age of 6 months and below (odds ratio: 7.54 (2.62, 23.36); p = 0.000). Children who were clinically diagnosed to be concomitantly infected with malaria had a lower risk of RSV infection (odds ratio: 0.38 (0.14, 0.95; P = 0.03). Conclusions The RSV burden is high among children less than 2 years with ARI in the Littoral region of Cameroon. There is a need for an effective public health RSV surveillance system with standard laboratory techniques and equipment to better understand the RSV disease age-specific incidence, seasonality, risk factors and RSV burden among patients in communities in Cameroon.

scholarly journals A seroepidemiological study of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the Littoral Region of Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henshaw Eyambe Mandi ◽  
Solomon Abebe Yimer ◽  
Cavin Epie Bekolo ◽  
Agnes Eyoh ◽  
Sindhiya Jan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Littoral Region ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract BackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is responsible for about 300 000 deaths in young children per year, and 99% of these occur in low-income countries. This study aimed to assess the burden of RSV infection among children less than two years with acute respiratory infections (ARI) in the littoral region of Cameroon. MethodsWe carried out a cross-sectional study in seven health facilities in the littoral region of Cameroon. Venous blood was collected using serum separation tubes from eligible children who visited these healthcare facilities with acute respiratory infections. ELISA determined the seroprevalence of anti-IgM RSV. Factors associated with RSV infection were ascertained using logistic regression. ResultsOut of 100 study participants, the overall RSV-associated ARI seroprevalence was 33% (95%CI:23.6-42.3). Factors significantly associated with RSV acquisition were age below six months (p=0.000) and mixed feeding (p=0.015). ConclusionsThe RSV burden is high among children less than two years with ARI in the littoral region of Cameroon. There is a need for an effective public health RSV surveillance system with standard laboratory techniques and equipment to better understand the RSV disease age-specific incidence, seasonality, and RSV burden among patients in the communities in Cameroon.

scholarly journals Impact of RSV Coinfection on Human Bocavirus in Children with Acute Respiratory Infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiming Sun ◽  
Jiyang Sun ◽  
Wei Ji ◽  
Chuangli Hao ◽  
Yongdong Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Dna Copy Numbers ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Length Of Hospitalization

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to assess epidemiological and clinical features of human bocavirus (HBoV) coinfection with other viruses. Method Children coinfected with HBoV between January 2012 and December 2014 were enrolled and retrospectively reviewed. Result A total of 984 patients were stratified into five groups: HBoV infection alone (n = 249), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection alone (n = 649), HBoV coinfection with RSV (n = 28), with human rhinovirus (HRV) (n = 39) and with other virus (n = 19). Length of hospitalization was longer in HBoV coinfection with RSV group than HBoV (9.0 days vs. 7.0 days, p = 0.001), RSV (9.0 days vs. 8.0 days, p = 0.016) infection alone group. Pneumonia was more common in the HBoV coinfection with RSV group compared with the HBoV, RSV infection alone group, respectively (75.0% vs. 44.2%, 31.3%, p < 0.001). HBoV DNA copy numbers (383 000 copies/ml) were positively correlated with the length of hospitalization (r = 0.334, p < 0.001). Conclusion HBoV coinfection with RSV increases HBoV infection severity.

scholarly journals Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunoprophylaxis with Palivizumab: 12-Year Observational Study of Usage and Outcomes in Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Mitchell ◽  
Abby Li ◽  
Candice L. Bjornson ◽  
Krista L. Lanctot ◽  
Bosco A. Paes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Burden Of Illness ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Smoking Exposure ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Airway Anomalies

Objective This study aimed to evaluate palivizumab (PVZ) use, trends in indications, and outcomes of respiratory illness hospitalizations (RIH) and respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations (RSVH). Study Design It involves a large, Canadian prospective (2005–2017) observational multicenter study of children at high risk for RSV infection. Results A total of 25,003 infants (56.3% male) were enrolled at 32 sites; 109,579 PVZ injections were administered. Indications included: prematurity (63.3%); “miscellaneous” (17.8%); hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (10.5%); bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease (8.4%). The “miscellaneous” group increased over time (4.4% in 2005–2006 to 22.5% in 2016–2017) and included: trisomy 21, airway anomalies, pulmonary disorders, cystic fibrosis, neurological impairments, immunocompromised, cardiac aged >2 years, multiple conditions, and a residual “unclassified” group. Adherence measured by expected versus actual doses plus correct interdose interval was 64.7%. A total of 2,054 RIH occurred (6.9%); 198 (9.6%) required intubation. Three hundred thirty-seven hospitalized children were RSV-positive (overall RSVH 1.6%). Risk factors for RSVH included having siblings, attending daycare, family history of atopy, smoking exposure, and crowded household. Infants with 5 risk factors were 9.0 times (95% CI or confidence interval 4.4–18.2; p < 0.0005) more likely to have RSVH than infants without risk factors. Three adverse events occurred; none were fatal. Conclusion Results are relevant to both clinicians and decision-makers. We confirmed the safety of PVZ. Use of PVZ increased steadily for children with miscellaneous conditions and medical complexity. Medical and social factors pose a risk for severe RIH and RSVH with accompanying burden of illness. A vaccine that protects against RSV is urgently required. Key Points

scholarly journals Respiratory syncytial virus in severe lower respiratory infections in previously healthy young Ethiopian infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abate Yeshidinber Weldetsadik ◽  
Frank Riedel
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Parameter ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Background Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the commonest cause of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in infants. However, the burden of RSV is unknown in Ethiopia. We aimed to determine the prevalence, seasonality and predictors of RSV infection in young infants with ALRI for the first time in Ethiopia. Methods We performed RSV immuno-chromatographic assay from nasopharyngeal swabs of infants, 29 days to 6 months of age. We included the first 10 eligible infants in each month from June 2018 to May 2019 admitted in a tertiary pediatric center. Clinical, laboratory and imaging data were also collected, and chi-square test and regression were used to assess associated factors with RSV infection. Results Among a total of 117 study children, 65% were male and mean age was 3 months. Bronchiolitis was the commonest diagnosis (49%). RSV was isolated from 26 subjects (22.2%) of all ALRI, 37% of bronchiolitis and 11% of pneumonia patients. Although RSV infection occurred year round, highest rate extended from June to November. No clinical or laboratory parameter predicted RSV infection and only rainy season (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 10.46 [95%. C.I. 1.95, 56.18]) was independent predictor of RSV infection. Conclusions RSV was isolated in a fifth of young infants with severe ALRI, mostly in the rainy season. Diagnosis of RSV infection in our setting require specific tests as no clinical parameter predicted RSV infection. Since RSV caused less than a quarter of ALRI in our setting, the other causes should be looked for in future studies.

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