scholarly journals Seasonal patterns and related microclimatic drivers of soil inorganic nitrogen in an urban montane cloud forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Alberto Dominguez-Eusebio ◽  
Oscar Luis Briones ◽  
Yareni Perroni
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Montane Cloud Forest ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Rural Forest ◽  
Soil Inorganic

Abstract Understanding the matter and energy dynamics in environments with strong human influence is essential since it allows us to know relevant ecological drivers in urban green land areas. It has been hypothesized that biogeochemical cycles in urban forests are more open (susceptible to nutrients soil losses) with respect to rural forests near cities. However, it is not clear if this ecosystem function occurs in the same way in systems from different latitudes. Soil nutrient dynamics and microclimatic conditions of an urban and a nearby rural montane cloud forest were registered from January 2016 to July 2017. Our objective was to compare edaphic and micro-climatic factors that drive soil inorganic N dynamics in these forests. Climate was slightly cooler and drier, and soil C, N, P and organic matter were lower in the urban than the rural forest. Seasonal soil inorganic N forms were related to above ground conditions in the urban forest, but to the belowground conditions in the rural forest. Consistently low NH4:NO3 ratio indicated high susceptibility to N soil loss in the urban forest. Our results support the hypothesis that urban cloud forests are functioning as open ecosystems in contrast to the rural forests.

Spatial and temporal distribution of soil inorganic nitrogen concentration in potato hills

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
P. H. Milburn
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Soil Inorganic

The purpose of this study was to determine the spatial and temporal variation in soil inorganic N concentration in the potato hill, and to discuss the implications of this variation on soil sampling strategies. The experiment was conducted in 1999 and 2000 using four treatments: bare soil with no N fertilizer applied, and a potato crop with no fertilizer N added, with 180 kg N ha-1 applied at planting, or with 120 kg N ha-1 applied at planting plus 60 kg N ha-1 applied at hilling. Elevated (above background) soil NH4+-N concentrations were measured for 40 or more days after planting, therefore in-season sampling should be done for both soil NO3−-N and NH4+-N. There was a period of up to 50 days between planting and rapid crop N uptake during which loss of NO3−-N from the root zone could occur. Split fertilizer application reduced the risk of NO3−-N loss during this time, but resulted in reduced tuber yield in 1999. Strong vertical variation in soil inorganic N concentration was measured in the potato hill as a result of fertilizer banding and soil N mineralization at shallow depths. Soil inorganic N concentrations were elevated in the hill, but not in the furrow, resulting in strong horizontal variation in soil inorganic N concentrations in the potato hill. Despite this variation, a systematic sampling strategy where soil was sampled in the centre of the hill, the centre of the furrow, and mid-way between the hill and furrow, done in combination with elevation control of soil sampling, resulted in an unbiased estimate of soil inorganic N concentration in the potato hill. Key words: Solanum tuberosum, nitrification, nitrate leaching, mineralization, sampling strategies

The effect of flood irrigation and nitrogen source on the fate of nitrogen fertilizer applied to pasture

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
GN Mundy ◽  
WK Mason
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Fate Of Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Inorganic

The effects of flood irrigation on soil inorganic nitrogen (N) and on the recovery of 15N from 15N-labelled fertilizers were studied in two pasture experiments. In the first, changes in soil inorganic N were measured during a flood irrigation cycle after fertilization with 0 or 100 kg N ha-1 as ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). In the second experiment, the recovery of 15N from 15N -labelled fertilizers (50 kg N ha-1 as NH4NO3, urea or urea plus nitrapyrin) was determined in field microplots under three irrigation regimes (0, 6 and 24 h ponding).Soil inorganic N in the unfertilized pasture remained relatively low (< 12 kg N ha-') during the irrigation cycle with ammonium (NH4+) the dominant form of inorganic N. In pasture fertilized with NH4N03 there was a rapid decline in both NH4+ and nitrate (NO3-) in the soil during the 48 h period after the first irrigation. The decline in NH4+ was less rapid than that of NO3-. Presumably immobilization, nitrification and pasture uptake contributed to the disappearance of NH4+ from the soil.In the second experiment total recovery of applied 15N ranged from 65 to 91%, with about half recovered from the pasture and half from the soil plus roots. The lowest recoveries of applied N occurred with NH4NO3with 24 h ponding.Recovery of the urea nitrogen was unaffected by ponding time, making it a more efficient form of N to apply to irrigated pastures.

Tillage, crop residue and crop sequence effects on nitrogen availability in a legume-based cropping system

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. Soon ◽  
M. A. Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Crop Sequence ◽  
Extractable Soil ◽  
Soil Inorganic

A field study was conducted to determine the effects and interactions of crop sequence, tillage and residue management on labile N pools and their availability because such information is sparse. Experimental treatments were no-till (NT) vs. conventional tillage (CT), and removal vs. retention of straw, imposed on a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)-canola (Brassica rapa L.)-field pea (Pisum sativum L.) rotation. 15N-labelling was used to quantify N uptake from straw, below-ground N (BGN), and fertilizer N. Straw retention increased soil microbial biomass N (MBN) in 2 of 3 yr at the four-leaf growth stage of barley, consistent with observed decreases in extractable soil inorganic N at seeding. However, crop yield and N uptake at maturity were not different between straw treatments. No tillage increased soil MBN, crop yield and N uptake compared to CT, but had no effect on extractable soil inorganic N. The greater availability of N under NT was probably related to soil moisture conservation. Tillage effects on soil and plant N were mostly independent of straw treatment. Straw and tillage treatments did not influence the uptake of N from its various sources. However, barley following pea (legume/non-legume sequence) derived a greater proportion of its N from BGN (13 to 23% or 9 to 23 kg N ha-1) than canola following barley (nonlegumes) (6 to 16% or 3 to 9 kg N ha-1). Fertilizer N constituted 8 to 11% of barley N uptake and 23 to 32% of canola N uptake. Straw N contributed only 1 to 3% of plant N uptake. This study showed the dominant influence of tillage on N availability, and of the preceding crop or cropping sequence on N uptake partitioning among available N sources. Key words: Crop residue, crop sequence, labile nitrogen, nitrogen uptake, pea, tillage

Soil inorganic nitrogen content in commercial potato fields in New Brunswick

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
Y. Leclerc ◽  
G. Moreau ◽  
R. Gareau ◽  
P. H. Milburn
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Soil Inorganic

Information on inorganic N content in commercial potato fields in Atlantic Canada is limited. Soil inorganic N measurements were collected from 228 commercial potato fields from 1999 to 2001. Soil NO3 content to 30 cm depth at planting ranged from 2 to 124 kg N ha-1, and was generally higher for preceding potato, red clover, or hay crops compared to preceding cereal or other crops. Soil NH4 content to 30 cm depth measured at planting ranged from 3 to 64 kg N ha-1, indicating that both soil NO3 and NH4 need to be measured to assess plant-available soil N content in spring. Soil NO3 content to 30-cm depth at tuber harvest ranged from 3 to 250 kg N ha-1, generally increased with increasing fertilizer N application rate, and differed among different potato cultivars. Soil NO3 content measured to 30-cm depth in spring ranged from 3 to 100% of soil NO3 at harvest in the preceding fall, indicating that highly variable losses of soil NO3 from the root zone occur between growing seasons. Key words: Nitrate, ammonium, Solanum tuberosum L.

Effects of spent mushroom substrate on soil chemical conditions and plant growth in an intensive horticultural system: a comparison with inorganic fertiliser

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. C. Stewart ◽  
K. C. Cameron ◽  
I. S. Cornforth
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Spent Mushroom Substrate ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Inorganic Fertiliser ◽  
Industry Applications ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Soil Inorganic

Between November 1991 and 1993, 4 consecutive vegetable crops (sweetcorn, cabbage, potato, and cabbage) were grown in Lincoln, New Zealand. The treatments included spent mushroom substrate (SMS, a by-product of the mushroom industry) applications before each crop at rates of 0, 20, 40, or 80 t/ha (moist), both with and without 1 rate of inorganic fertiliser for each crop (120-338, 40-100, 53-100, and 60-114 kg/ha, respectively, of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur). SMS applications caused a rapid increase in soil inorganic N concentration, but after this it had a variable effect. There was some evidence of N immobilisation following initial SMS applications of 20 t/ha. SMS applications increased both soil pH and CEC, whereas inorganic fertiliser decreased both. Sweetcorn and cabbage yields were increased by SMS when inorganic fertiliser was not used, and potato yield was increased irrespective of fertiliser use (i.e. yield increases of 38%, 82-96%, and 26-46%, respectively, for sweetcorn cob, cabbage head, and potato tuber fresh yields). Inorganic fertiliser increased crop yields by a greater amount than SMS. A lack of soil inorganic N was the major limitation to crop growth following SMS applications, so crops may require additional N with SMS.

PROPAGATION AND MANAGEMENT OF GLIRICIDIA SEPIUM PLANTED FALLOWS IN SUB-HUMID EASTERN ZAMBIA

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. CHINTU ◽  
P. L. MAFONGOYA ◽  
T. S. CHIRWA ◽  
E. KUNTASHULA ◽  
D. PHIRI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Tree Survival ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Soil Inorganic

Gliricidia sepium features prominently as a soil replenishment tree in planted coppicing fallows in eastern Zambia. Its usual method of propagation, through nurseryseedlings, is costly and may possibly hinder wider on-farm adoption. We compared fallows propagated by potted and bare root seedlings, direct seeding and stem cuttings, in terms of tree coppice biomass production, soil inorganic N availability and post-fallow maize yields under semi-arid conditions. We hypothesized that cutting fallows initially in May (off-season) would increase subsequent seasonal coppice biomass production as opposed to cutting them in November (at cropping). The tree survival and biomass order after two years was: potted = bare root > direct > cuttings. The post-fallow maize productivity sequence was: fertilized maize = potted = bare root > direct > cuttings = no-tree unfertilized controls, across seasons. However, farmers may prefer directly seeded fallows owing to their cost effectiveness. Soil inorganic N and maize yield were significantly higher in May-cut than in November-cut fallows. Preseason topsoil inorganic N and biomass N input correlated highly with maize yields. This implies that bothparameters may be used to predict post-fallow crop yields.

Effects of Untreated Pig Manure and Slurry on the Accumulation of Soil NH4+-N and NO3--N in Large-Scale Pig Farm

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1061-1065
Author(s):  
Cai Yan Lu ◽  
Yi Shi ◽  
Shao Jun Wang ◽  
Ming Fen Niu ◽  
Di Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Nitrate Pollution ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Sampling Depth ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Soil Inorganic

The amount of soil inorganic N declined significantly with increasing of sampling depth and sampling time (P < 0.001). Compared with CK, application of untreated pig manure and slurry increased significantly the amount of soil inorganic N by 76.0% and 156.1%, respectively (P < 0.001). Compared with CK, application of untreated pig manure increased significantly the amount of soil NH4+-N by 33.7%, however, application of untreated pig slurry decreased remarkably that of soil NH4+-N by 7.4% (P < 0.001). Application of untreated pig manure and pig slurry increased significantly the amount of soil NO3--N by 86.9% and 198.0%, respectively compared with CK, (P < 0.001). Soil NO3--N accounted for the majority of soil inorganic N irrespective of fertilization treatment or sampling time, its percent were 80.13%, 84.27% and 92.63% in the CK, pig manure and pig slurry treatments, respectively. This result indicated that application of untreated pig manure and slurry increased significantly the amount of soil inorganic N, especially soil NO3--N, which occurred the potential risk of nitrate pollution.

scholarly journals Organic Wastes Amended with Sorbents Reduce N2O Emissions from Sugarcane Cropping

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Maren Westermann ◽  
Richard Brackin ◽  
Nicole Robinson ◽  
Monica Salazar Cajas ◽  
Scott Buckley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Mineral Fertiliser ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Poultry Litter Biochar ◽  
Soil Inorganic

Nutrient-rich organic wastes and soil ameliorants can benefit crop performance and soil health but can also prevent crop nutrient sufficiency or increase greenhouse gas emissions. We hypothesised that nitrogen (N)-rich agricultural waste (poultry litter) amended with sorbents (bentonite clay or biochar) or compost (high C/N ratio) attenuates the concentration of inorganic nitrogen (N) in soil and reduces emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O). We tested this hypothesis with a field experiment conducted on a commercial sugarcane farm, using in vitro incubations. Treatments received 160 kg N ha−1, either from mineral fertiliser or poultry litter, with additional N (2–60 kg N ha−1) supplied by the sorbents and compost. Crop yield was similar in all N treatments, indicating N sufficiency, with the poultry litter + biochar treatment statistically matching the yield of the no-N control. Confirming our hypothesis, mineral N fertiliser resulted in the highest concentrations of soil inorganic N, followed by poultry litter and the amended poultry formulations. Reflecting the soil inorganic N concentrations, the average N2O emission factors ranked as per the following: mineral fertiliser 8.02% > poultry litter 6.77% > poultry litter + compost 6.75% > poultry litter + bentonite 5.5% > poultry litter + biochar 3.4%. All emission factors exceeded the IPCC Tier 1 default for managed soils (1%) and the Australian Government default for sugarcane soil (1.25%). Our findings reinforce concerns that current default emissions factors underestimate N2O emissions. The laboratory incubations broadly matched the field N2O emissions, indicating that in vitro testing is a cost-effective first step to guide the blending of organic wastes in a way that ensures N sufficiency for crops but minimises N losses. We conclude that suitable sorbent-waste formulations that attenuate N release will advance N efficiency and the circular nutrient economy.

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