Increases of Phospho-Tau (Ser202/Thr205) in the Olfactory Regions Are Associated With Impaired EEG and Olfactory Behavior in Traumatic Brain Injury Mice

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to long-term cognitive impairments with an increased risk for neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Among these various impairments, olfactory dysfunction is one of the most common symptoms in TBI patients. However, there are very few studies that show the association between olfactory dysfunction and repetitive TBI, which accounts for the majority of all head injuries. In this present study, we investigated the effects of repetitive TBI on olfactory functioning and the related pathological neuronal injuries in mice. Through pathological examination, we found a significant increase in p-Tau (S202/T205) in olfactory bulb-associated areas such as the Anterior Olfactory Nucleus (AON), Pyriform Cortex (PC), Tenia Tecta (TT), and Olfactory Tubercle (OT). Neuronal atrophy in the Lateral Anterior Olfactory Nucleus (AOL), Granule Layer Olfactory Bulb (GrO), and Dorsal Tenia Tecta (DTT) was also found to be correlated with p-Tau levels. Furthermore, electroencephalography (EEG) of repetitive TBI mouse models showed impaired spontaneous delta oscillation, as well as altered cross-frequency coupling between delta phase and amplitudes of the fast oscillations in the resting-state olfactory bulb. Also, abnormal alterations in EEG band powers were observed during the olfactory oddball paradigm test. This study provides evidence of pathological and physiological alterations in the mouse olfactory system caused by repetitive TBI. Together, p-Tau alterations and EEG impairments may serve as important biomarkers of olfactory track-associated dysfunctions and behavioral impairments commonly observed in repetitive TBI patients.

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Incidence of head injury and traumatic brain injury among people with Alzheimer’s disease

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2018-211960 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 73 (5) ◽

pp. 451-454 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sarianna Ilmaniemi ◽

Heidi Taipale ◽

Antti Tanskanen ◽

Jari Tiihonen ◽

Sirpa Hartikainen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Head Injury ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

University Hospital ◽

Health Concern ◽

Increased Risk

BackgroundInjuries caused by falling are a major health concern among older population. For older people, falls are the leading cause of head injuries; especially, persons with cognitive disorders have an increased risk of falling.ObjectiveTo compare the incidence of head injury and traumatic brain injury (TBI) among persons with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with persons without AD.MethodsThis register-based study was conducted on a nationwide cohort, which includes all community-dwelling persons diagnosed with AD in Finland in 2005–2011. Persons with previous head injuries were excluded, leaving 67 172 persons with AD. For each person with AD, a matching person without AD and previous head injury were identified with respect to age, sex and university hospital district. The Cox proportional hazard model and competing risk analyses were used to estimate HR for head injury and TBI.ResultsPersons with AD had 1.34-fold (95% CI 1.29 to 1.40) risk of head injuries and 1.49-fold (95% CI 1.40 to 1.59) risk of TBIs after accounting for competing risks of death and full adjustment by socioeconomic status, drug use and comorbidities.ConclusionPersons with AD are more likely to have a head injury or TBI incident than persons without AD.

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Identifying Frequency of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Firefighters

Workplace Health & Safety ◽

10.1177/2165079920922576 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (10) ◽

pp. 468-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Victoria A. Torres ◽

Jordan E. Strack ◽

Sara Dolan ◽

Marc I. Kruse ◽

Michelle L. Pennington ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

State University ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk

Background: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a nationwide problem; yet, no firefighter mTBI data are available. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we assessed retrospective head injuries using WHO guidelines. We captured mTBI frequency and examined firefighters’ symptoms (e.g., using Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identification method, Brief Traumatic Brain Injury Screen, Warrior Administered Retrospective Causality Assessment Tool). Findings: Of 1,112 firefighters contacted, 60 responses were included. Most participants were White (80%), male (90%), former athletes (75%). 62% met mTBI symptom criteria. 75% reported at least one lifetime head injury. Number of head injuries and depression symptoms were associated (r = .36, p < .05). Conclusion/application to practice: Overall, it appears most firefighters have sustained at least one lifetime mTBI. Those with multiple head injuries may be at increased risk of depression. Occupational health professionals should be aware of firefighters’ mTBI risk. Further research is warranted given findings.

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Sports psychiatry and medical views on mild traumatic brain injury in competitive sport: a current review and recommendations

Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin ◽

10.5960/dzsm.2021.501 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 72 (6) ◽

pp. 293-299

Author(s):

C Gonzalez Hofmann ◽

R Fontana ◽

T Parker ◽

M Deutschmann ◽

M Dewey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Return To Play ◽

Post Concussion Syndrome ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Successful Recovery ◽

Increased Risk

Head injuries are common in competitive and recreational sport. Nomenclature, though inconsistent, identifies mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) based on acute diagnostic criteria, whereas a sport-related concussion (SRC) is event-related and specific to mTBI experienced while participating in athletic activity. The effects of SRC are often neurological, neuropsychological and/or psychiatric with a variety of symptoms. Different organizations categorize these symptoms differently and this variance demonstrates that no uniform clinical classification system has been agreed upon. Diagnosis of SRC is based on clinical examination. Numerous symptom checklists and assessments are available for clinical diagnosis, but their validity is somewhat limited. There is increasing awareness regarding the psychiatric deficits associated with SRC and the potential for developing post-concussion syndrome (PCS). In addition to complex, causal SRC-associated symptoms, reactive psychological complaints may also occur, as well as social mistreatment on recovery from SRC. Pre-existing mental health conditions are associated with an increased risk for developing PCS. This often necessitates the implementation of psychiatric or psychotherapeutic care after SRC. As with mTBI and SRC, no standardized classification has been established for PCS. Multi-stage rehabilitation strategies can help injured athletes navigate a successful recovery and prevent premature return to play. Further research on the utility of psychotherapy, psychopharmacotherapy, and exercise therapy of PCS is needed. Key Words: Concussion, Mental Health, Post-Concussion Syndrome, Interdisciplinarity

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Traumatic Brain Injury and Dementia in Medicare Population: Differences in Risk Between Veterans and Non-Veterans

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3123 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 850-851

Author(s):

Arseniy Yashkin

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Proportional Hazards Model ◽

Senile Dementia ◽

Strong Predictor ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Risk Scores ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Co Morbidity

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess differences in the effect of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias between veteran and non-veteran respondents of the Health and Retirement Study as well as to measure the sensitivity of these differences to the introduction of controls for groups of demographic, medical co-morbidity and polygenic risk scores reflecting AD hallmarks. Using the Fine-Gray proportional hazards model we found that TBI was a strong predictor of dementia in community dwelling residents age 65+: for AD associated risk was 181% [Hazard Ratio (HR): 2.81; CI:2.05-3.86] sample-wide and 142% [HR: 2.42; CI:1.31-2.46] in veteran males. Effect magnitude decreased with the addition of risk-related control variables but remained associated with significantly increased risk. Large differences in risk were observed between veteran and non-veteran males for AD, vascular dementia, senile dementia, and dementia with Lewy Bodies

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3,6′-Dithiopomalidomide Ameliorates Hippocampal Neurodegeneration, Microgliosis and Astrogliosis and Improves Cognitive Behaviors in Rats with a Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22158276 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (15) ◽

pp. 8276

Author(s):

Pen-Sen Huang ◽

Ping-Yen Tsai ◽

Ling-Yu Yang ◽

Daniela Lecca ◽

Weiming Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Post Injury ◽

Behavioral Deficits ◽

Cognitive Behaviors ◽

Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Behavioral Impairments ◽

Hippocampal Neurodegeneration

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. It can instigate immediate cell death, followed by a time-dependent secondary injury that results from disproportionate microglial and astrocyte activation, excessive inflammation and oxidative stress in brain tissue, culminating in both short- and long-term cognitive dysfunction and behavioral deficits. Within the brain, the hippocampus is particularly vulnerable to a TBI. We studied a new pomalidomide (Pom) analog, namely, 3,6′-dithioPom (DP), and Pom as immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiD) for mitigating TBI-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration, microgliosis, astrogliosis and behavioral impairments in a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI in rats. Both agents were administered as a single intravenous dose (0.5 mg/kg) at 5 h post injury so that the efficacies could be compared. Pom and DP significantly reduced the contusion volume evaluated at 24 h and 7 days post injury. Both agents ameliorated short-term memory deficits and anxiety behavior at 7 days after a TBI. The number of degenerating neurons in the CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of the hippocampus after a TBI was reduced by Pom and DP. DP, but not Pom, significantly attenuated the TBI-induced microgliosis and DP was more efficacious than Pom at attenuating the TBI-induced astrogliosis in CA1 and DG at 7D after a TBI. In summary, a single intravenous injection of Pom or DP, given 5 h post TBI, significantly reduced hippocampal neurodegeneration and prevented cognitive deficits with a concomitant attenuation of the neuroinflammation in the hippocampus.

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Management of Traumatic Brain Injury: A review Update

Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College ◽

10.3329/jssmc.v6i2.31777 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 87-89

Author(s):

ATM Ashadullah ◽

Monirul Islam ◽

Fazley Elahi Milad ◽

Abdullah Alamgir ◽

Md Shafiul Alam

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Skull Fracture ◽

Traumatic Injury ◽

Loss Of Consciousness ◽

Extradural Haematoma ◽

Inner Surface ◽

Injury Patient ◽

Extradural Haematomas

Traumatic Brain Injury leads to serious consequences. Approximately half of all deaths is related to traumatic injury and the main cause of head trauma. Extradural haematomas (EDH) develops in all major head injuries. A head injury patient who is only temporary loss of consciousness and is left asleep may sometimes be found dead in the bed next morning due to extradural haematoma. Extradural haematoma which lies in between the inner surface of skull and stripes of dural membrane, are nearly always caused by, and located near a skull fracture. The collection takes several forms in terms of size, location, speed of development and effects they exert on patient. Immediate management is necessary to decrease the bad consequences. In this review the management of traumatic brain injury is highlighted.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2014; 6(2):87-89

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