Energy-efficient hierarchical routing in wireless sensor networks based on Fog Computing

Energy Consumption ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Data Transmission ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Fog Computing ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Hierarchical Routing

Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been recognized as one of the most essential technologies of the 21st century. The applications of WSNs are rapidly increasing in almost every sector because they can be deployed in areas where cable and power supply are difficult to use. In the literature, different methods have been proposed to minimize energy consumption of sensor nodes so as to prolong WSNs utilization. In this article, we propose an efficient routing protocol for data transmission in WSNs; it is called Energy-Efficient Hierarchical routing protocol for wireless sensor networks based on Fog Computing (EEHFC). Fog computing is integrated into the proposed scheme due to its capability to optimize the limited power source of WSNs and its ability to scale up to the requirements of the Internet of Things applications. In addition, we propose an improved ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm that can be used to construct optimal path for efficient data transmission for sensor nodes. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated in comparison with P-SEP, EDCF, and RABACO schemes. The results of the simulations show that the proposed approach can minimize sensor nodes’ energy consumption, data packet losses and extends the network lifetime

Energy-efficient hierarchical routing in wireless sensor networks based on Fog Computing

10.21203/rs.3.rs-22873/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ademola Abidoye ◽

Boniface Kabaso

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Data Transmission ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Fog Computing ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Hierarchical Routing

Energy-efficient hierarchical routing in wireless sensor networks based on fog computing

EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking ◽

10.1186/s13638-020-01835-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ademola Philip Abidoye ◽

Boniface Kabaso

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Data Transmission ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Fog Computing ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Hierarchical Routing

AbstractWireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been recognized as one of the most essential technologies of the twenty-first century. The applications of WSNs are rapidly increasing in almost every sector because they can be deployed in areas where cable and power supply are difficult to use. In the literature, different methods have been proposed to minimize the energy consumption of sensor nodes to prolong WSNs utilization. In this article, we propose an efficient routing protocol for data transmission in WSNs; it is called energy-efficient hierarchical routing protocol for wireless sensor networks based on fog computing. Fog computing is integrated into the proposed scheme due to its capability to optimize the limited power source of WSNs and its ability to scale up to the requirements of the Internet of things applications. In addition, we propose an improved ant colony optimization algorithm that can be used to construct an optimal path for efficient data transmission for sensor nodes. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated in comparison with P-SEP, EDCF, and RABACO schemes. The results of the simulations show that the proposed approach can minimize sensor nodes’ energy consumption, data packet losses, and extends the network lifetime. We are aware that in WSNs, the certainty of the sensed data collected by a sensor node can vary due to many reasons such as environmental factors, drained energy, and hardware failures.

Energy-Efficient Clustering Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Yellow Saddle Goatfish Algorithm

Mathematics ◽

10.3390/math8091515 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 1515 ◽

Author(s):

Alma Rodríguez ◽

Carolina Del-Valle-Soto ◽

Ramiro Velázquez

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Cluster Structure ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Cluster Heads ◽

Energy Efficient Clustering

The usage of wireless sensor devices in many applications, such as in the Internet of Things and monitoring in dangerous geographical spaces, has increased in recent years. However, sensor nodes have limited power, and battery replacement is not viable in most cases. Thus, energy savings in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is the primary concern in the design of efficient communication protocols. Therefore, a novel energy-efficient clustering routing protocol for WSNs based on Yellow Saddle Goatfish Algorithm (YSGA) is proposed. The protocol is intended to intensify the network lifetime by reducing energy consumption. The network considers a base station and a set of cluster heads in its cluster structure. The number of cluster heads and the selection of optimal cluster heads is determined by the YSGA algorithm, while sensor nodes are assigned to its nearest cluster head. The cluster structure of the network is reconfigured by YSGA to ensure an optimal distribution of cluster heads and reduce the transmission distance. Experiments show competitive results and demonstrate that the proposed routing protocol minimizes the energy consumption, improves the lifetime, and prolongs the stability period of the network in comparison with the stated of the art clustering routing protocols.

Energy-Efficient Multi-Disjoint Path Opportunistic Node Connection Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Grids

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19173789 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (17) ◽

pp. 3789 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anees ◽

Zhang ◽

Baig ◽

Lougou

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Real Time ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Smart Grids ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Disjoint Path

The gradual increase in the maturity of sensor electronics has resulted in the increasing demand for wireless sensor networks for many industrial applications. One of the industrial platforms for efficient usage and deployment of sensor networks is smart grids. The critical network traffic in smart grids includes both delay-sensitive and delay-tolerant data for real-time and non-real-time usage. To facilitate these traffic requirements, the asynchronous working–sleeping cycle of sensor nodes can be used as an opportunity to create a node connection. Efficient use of wireless sensor network in smart grids depends on various parameters like working–sleeping cycle, energy consumption, network lifetime, routing protocol, and delay constraints. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient multi-disjoint path opportunistic node connection routing protocol (abbreviated as EMOR) for sensor nodes deployed in neighborhood area network. EMOR utilizes residual energy, availability of sensor node’s buffer size, working–sleeping cycle of the sensor node and link quality factor to calculate optimum path connectivity after opportunistic connection random graph and spanning tree formation. The multi-disjoint path selection in EMOR based on service differentiation of real-time and non-real-time traffic leads to an improvement in packet delivery rate, network lifetime, end-end delay and total energy consumption.

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering ◽

Performance Analysis of TBC-ACO Routing Protocol with Existing Routing Protocols of Wireless Sensor Networks

10.23956/ijarcsse.v7i8.46 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 169

Author(s):

A. Radhika ◽

D. Haritha

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Swarm Intelligence ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Routing Protocols ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Congestion Aware

Wireless Sensor Networks, have witnessed significant amount of improvement in research across various areas like Routing, Security, Localization, Deployment and above all Energy Efficiency. Congestion is a problem of importance in resource constrained Wireless Sensor Networks, especially for large networks, where the traffic loads exceed the available capacity of the resources . Sensor nodes are prone to failure and the misbehaviour of these faulty nodes creates further congestion. The resulting effect is a degradation in network performance, additional computation and increased energy consumption, which in turn decreases network lifetime. Hence, the data packet routing algorithm should consider congestion as one of the parameters, in addition to the role of the faulty nodes and not merely energy efficient protocols .Nowadays, the main central point of attraction is the concept of Swarm Intelligence based techniques integration in WSN. Swarm Intelligence based Computational Swarm Intelligence Techniques have improvised WSN in terms of efficiency, Performance, robustness and scalability. The main objective of this research paper is to propose congestion aware , energy efficient, routing approach that utilizes Ant Colony Optimization, in which faulty nodes are isolated by means of the concept of trust further we compare the performance of various existing routing protocols like AODV, DSDV and DSR routing protocols, ACO Based Routing Protocol with Trust Based Congestion aware ACO Based Routing in terms of End to End Delay, Packet Delivery Rate, Routing Overhead, Throughput and Energy Efficiency. Simulation based results and data analysis shows that overall TBC-ACO is 150% more efficient in terms of overall performance as compared to other existing routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks.

An Enhanced Heterogeneous Gateway-Based Energy-Aware Multi-hop Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

10.20944/preprints202201.0024.v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Fuseini Jibreel ◽

Emmanuel Tuyishimire ◽

I M Daabo

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Data Transmission ◽

Base Station ◽

Communication Strategy ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Energy Aware ◽

Routing Scheme

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) continue to provide essential services for various applications such as surveillance, data gathering, and data transmission from the hazardous environments to safer destinations. This has been enhanced by the energy-efficient routing protocols that are mostly designed for such purposes. Gateway-based Energy-Aware Multi-hop Routing protocol (MGEAR) is one of the homogenous routing schemes that was recently designed to more efficiently reduce the energy consumption of distant nodes. However, it has been found that the protocol has a high energy consumption rate, lower stability period, less data transmission to the Base station (BS). In this paper, an enhanced Heterogeneous Gateway-based Energy-Aware multi-hop routing protocol ( HMGEAR) is proposed. The proposed routing scheme is based on the introduction of heterogeneous nodes in the existing scheme, selection of the head based on the residual energy, introduction of multi-hop communication strategy in all the regions of the network, and implementation of energy hole elimination technique. Results show that the proposed routing scheme outperforms two existing ones.

Performance Analysis of Q-Leach Algorithm in WSN

International Journal of Inventive Engineering and Sciences - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijies.i0977.0651020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

pp. 1-4

Keyword(s):

Sensor Networks ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Data Transmission ◽

Short Range ◽

Sensor Node ◽

Life Time ◽

Time Span ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Wireless Sensor

Sensor nodes are exceedingly energy compelled instrument, since it is battery operated instruments. In wsn network, every node is liable to the data transmission through the wireless mode [1]. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) is made of a huge no. of small nodes with confined functionality. The essential theme of the wireless sensor network is energy helpless and the WSN is collection of sensor. Every sensor terminal is liable to sensing, store and information clan and send it forwards into sink. The communication within the node is done via wireless network [3].Energy efficiency is the main concentration of a desining the better routing protocol. LEACH is a protocol. This is appropriate for short range network, since imagine that whole sensor node is capable of communication with inter alia and efficient to access sink node, which is not always correct for a big network. Hence, coverage is a problem which we attempt to resolve [6]. The main focus within wireless sensor networks is to increase the network life-time span as much as possible, so that resources can be utilizes efficiently and optimally. Various approaches which are based on the clustering are very much optimal in functionality. Life-time of the network is always connected with sensor node’s energy implemented at distant regions for stable and defect bearable observation [10].

Nature-Inspired Algorithms for Big Data Frameworks - Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics ◽

Nature-Inspired Algorithms in Wireless Sensor Networks

10.4018/978-1-5225-5852-1.ch010 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 246-275

Author(s):

Ajay Kaushik ◽

S. Indu ◽

Daya Gupta

Keyword(s):

Big Data ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Sensor Node ◽

Optimization Problem ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Nature Inspired Algorithms

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming increasingly popular due to their applications in a wide variety of areas. Sensor nodes in a WSN are battery operated which outlines the need of some novel protocols that allows the limited sensor node battery to be used in an efficient way. The authors propose the use of nature-inspired algorithms to achieve energy efficient and long-lasting WSN. Multiple nature-inspired techniques like BBO, EBBO, and PSO are proposed in this chapter to minimize the energy consumption in a WSN. A large amount of data is generated from WSNs in the form of sensed information which encourage the use of big data tools in WSN domain. WSN and big data are closely connected since the large amount of data emerging from sensors can only be handled using big data tools. The authors describe how the big data can be framed as an optimization problem and the optimization problem can be effectively solved using nature-inspired algorithms.

Energy Efficient Trust Node Based Routing Protocol (EETRP) to Maximize the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks in Plateaus

International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) ◽

10.3991/ijoe.v15i06.10340 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (06) ◽

pp. 113 ◽

Author(s):

Nandoori Srikanth ◽

Muktyala Sivaganga Prasad

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Network Lifetime ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Mobile Nodes ◽

Energy Limitation

<p>Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can extant the individual profits and suppleness with regard to low-power and economical quick deployment for numerous applications. WSNs are widely utilized in medical health care, environmental monitoring, emergencies and remote control areas. Introducing of mobile nodes in clusters is a traditional approach, to assemble the data from sensor nodes and forward to the Base station. Energy efficiency and lifetime improvements are key research areas from past few decades. In this research, to solve the energy limitation to upsurge the network lifetime, Energy efficient trust node based routing protocol is proposed. An experimental validation of framework is focused on Packet Delivery Ratio, network lifetime, throughput, energy consumption and network loss among all other challenges. This protocol assigns some high energy nodes as trusted nodes, and it decides the mobility of data collector. The energy of mobile nodes, and sensor nodes can save up to a great extent by collecting data from trusted nodes based on their trustworthiness and energy efficiency. The simulation outcome of our evaluation shows an improvement in all these parameters than existing clustering and Routing algorithms.<strong></strong></p>

Energy-Efficient Technique for Monitoring of Agricultural Areas with Terrestrial Wireless Sensor Networks

Journal of Circuits System and Computers ◽

10.1142/s0218126620501418 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (09) ◽

pp. 2050141 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammed Enes Bayrakdar

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Wireless Sensor Network ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Sensor Network ◽

Fading Channels ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Efficient Manner

In this paper, a monitoring technique based on the wireless sensor network is investigated. The sensor nodes used for monitoring are developed in a simulation environment. Accordingly, the structure and workflow of wireless sensor network nodes are designed. Time-division multiple access (TDMA) protocol has been chosen as the medium access technique to ensure that the designed technique operates in an energy-efficient manner and packet collisions are not experienced. Fading channels, i.e., no interference, Ricean and Rayleigh, are taken into consideration. Energy consumption is decreased with the help of ad-hoc communication of sensor nodes. Throughput performance for different wireless fading channels and energy consumption are evaluated. The simulation results show that the sensor network can quickly collect medium information and transmit data to the processing center in real time. Besides, the proposed technique suggests the usefulness of wireless sensor networks in the terrestrial areas.