scholarly journals Isotope Analysis Reveals Differential Impacts of Artificial and Natural Afforestation on Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics in Abandoned Farmland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongrui Di ◽  
GuangWei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
Soc Decomposition

Abstract Backgrounds A multitude of studies have applied different methods to study the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC), but the differential impact of artificial and natural vegetation restoration on SOC dynamic are still poorly understood. Methods and aims We investigated the SOC dynamics following artificial and natural afforestation in Loess Plateau of China, characterizing soil structure and stoichiometry using stable isotope carbon and radiocarbon models. We aim to compare SOC dynamics under both natural and artificial afforestation and examine how soil aggregate size classes control SOC dynamics based on stoichiometry and soil respiration.Results Total top soil SOC stocks, C:N and C:P of differently sized soil aggregates significantly increased following vegetation restoration. 13C results and Radiocarbon models indicated that the SOC decomposition rate and new SOC input rate were lower under natural afforestation than artificial afforestation and revealed the highest SOC decomposition rate under natural afforestation compared to other two ecosystems. Conclusions Vegetation restorations can accumulate SOC in top soils. Soil aggregates alternately play a dominant role in SOC accumulation following vegetation restoration; SOC loss from soil respiration was derived from microaggregates during afforestation. Recovery time is a key factor for the accumulation of SOC following afforestation.

Application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alters soil respiration, soil aggregation and total organic carbon in tropical agriculture 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Camilo Peña Quemba ◽  
Alia Rodriguez ◽  
Ian Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Aggregation ◽  
Tropical Agriculture

<p>Soil degradation is a major concern worldwide and tropical agriculture is a major contributor to CO<sub>2</sub> release from soils. There is growing interest in stabilizing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> abundance to reduce its direct effect on global warming, by focusing on the potential of soil to sequester carbon. Soil structure directly influences soil stability and carbon sequestration. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are one of the most important microbial soil components for soil aggregate formation and stabilization through physical and biochemical processes allowing the encapsulation of organic carbon. However, the contribution of AMF to soil aggregation remains to be demonstrated under field and farming conditions and has only been shown in pot experiments with sterilized non-mycorrhizal controls. Large differences in cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranz), yield when inoculated under field conditions with diverse isolates of the AMF species Rhizophagus irregularis, suggests that carbon directed belowground and more importantly carbon sequestered within soil aggregates after harvesting might be driven by differences among AMF inocula. Thus, we evaluated the effect of 11 different isolates of Rhizophagus irregularis on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions to the atmosphere (soil respiration), soil aggregation and the amount of soil organic carbon stored in aggregates in soils under commercial cassava cropping. Soil respiration was measured in situ by infrared gas analyser (IRGA, Li-COR 8100A) means. Soil samples were taken in surface (10 cm) and subsoil (30 cm) were taken to determine water stable aggregates size distribution (6.3, 4, 2, 1 and 0.5 mm), total stable aggregates (TSA) and total organic carbon (TOC) per aggregate size. After just one-year, our results showed that carbon decomposition (as measured by soil respiration), soil aggregation and carbon storage (in soil aggregates) were significantly affected by inoculation with AMF. Soil respiration was strongly and differentially affected by R. irregularisisolates with a difference of up to 78% in CO<sub>2</sub> release from the soil. In surface, we found differences in TSA of up to 20% among inoculation treatments driven principally by an increase up to 6.3% in macroaggregate sizes. In subsoil, the TSA differences were up to 40% between AMF lines and at 2 mm aggregate size differences were up to 9,22% compare with non-inoculated treatment. Interestingly in this experiment, TOC and soil aggregation were not correlated. Although TOC in macroaggregates was significatively different up 44% among AMF treatments. Soil aggregation is a soil property often thought as static. Moreover, changes in soil aggregation as the ones we have shown here had only been reported after long-term experiments (up to 30 years) with low intrusive tillage practices (non- or reduced-tillage). Our results clearly show the enormous potential of using AMF in field conditions as a primary tool to improve ecosystem services and soil health in short periods of time.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Soil aggregation, AMF, Cassava, carbon storage, soil respiration</p>

scholarly journals Isotope Analysis Reveals Differential Impacts of Artificial and Natural Afforestation On Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics in Abandoned Farmland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongrui Di ◽  
Guangwei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Land Use System ◽  
Time Substitution ◽  
Soc Stocks

Abstract Backgrounds A multitude of studies have applied different methods to study the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC), but the differential impact of artificial and natural afforestation on SOC dynamic are still poorly understood. Methods and aims We investigated the SOC dynamics following artificial and natural afforestation in Loess Plateau of China, characterizing soil structure and stoichiometry using stable isotope carbon and radiocarbon models. We aim to compare SOC dynamics, clarify SOC source under different afforestation, examine comparability of the study areas and find how soil aggregate size classes control SOC dynamics, finally to evaluate effect of reforestation project.Results The 0-10cm and 10-20 cm SOC stocks were significant higher than other two land-use system. At other depths, there is no significant difference among the three land-use system. Total top soil SOC stocks, C:N and C:P of differently sized soil aggregates significantly increased following afforestation. 13C results and Radiocarbon models indicated that the SOC decomposition rate and new SOC input rate were lower under natural afforestation than artificial afforestation. Conclusions Afforestation can accumulate SOC in top soils mainly resulting from in topsoil changing. SOC resource is mainly from macroaggregate formation provided by fresh plant residues. SOC loss from soil respiration was derived from microaggregates during afforestation. The“space-for-time substitution” method is suitable for comparability of the study areas.

scholarly journals Association between irrigation thresholds and promotion of soil organic carbon decomposition in sandy soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pascal Matteau ◽  
Paul Célicourt ◽  
Guillaume Létourneau ◽  
Thiago Gumiere ◽  
Christian Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Tea Bag Index ◽  
Precision Irrigation ◽  
Soc Decomposition

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) has a significant effect on the carbon cycle, playing a vital role in environmental services and crop production. Increasing SOC stock is identified as an effective way to improve carbon dioxide sequestration, soil health, and plant productivity. Knowing soil water is one of the primary SOC decomposition driver, periods in the crops growth stages with increased water movement might influence the SOC dynamics. Here, we evaluate the temporal effect of four precision irrigation thresholds ($$-15$$ - 15 , $$-30$$ - 30 , $$-45$$ - 45 , and $$-60$$ - 60 kPa) in potato crop on SOC dynamics using the Partial Least Square algorithm and the Tea Bag Index in a sandy soil under potato production. The difference of SOC decomposition rate between the precision irrigation thresholds is developed in the second quarter of the growing season, between 38 and 53 days after planting. This critical period occurred in a stage of strong vegetative growth and rapid irrigation cycles. The precision irrigation threshold affected the decomposition rate of SOC. A faster decomposition of labile organic carbon was promoted by water excess ($$-15$$ - 15 kPa). The dryer ($$-30$$ - 30 , $$-45$$ - 45 , and $$-60$$ - 60 kPa) precision irrigation thresholds did not show any differences. The advancement of this knowledge may promote soil health conservation and carbon sequestration in agricultural soil.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Soil Organic Carbon and Labile Carbon Fractions in Soil Aggregates Affected by Different Tillage Managements

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1541
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Shen ◽  
Lili Wang ◽  
Qichen Yang ◽  
Weiming Xiu ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Labile Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fractions ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Positive Effects

Our study aimed to provide a scientific basis for an appropriate tillage management of wheat-maize rotation system, which is beneficial to the sustainable development of agriculture in the fluvo-aquic soil areas in China. Four tillage treatments were investigated after maize harvest, including rotary tillage with straw returning (RT), deep ploughing with straw returning (DP), subsoiling with straw returning (SS), and no tillage with straw mulching (NT). We evaluated soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and particulate organic carbon (POC) in bulk soil and soil aggregates with five particle sizes (>5 mm, 5–2 mm, 2–1 mm, 1–0.25 mm, and <0.25 mm) under different tillage managements. Results showed that compared with RT treatment, NT treatment not only increased soil aggregate stability, but also enhanced SOC, DOC, and POC contents, especially those in large size macroaggregates. DP treatment also showed positive effects on soil aggregate stability and labile carbon fractions (DOC and POXC). Consequently, we suggest that no tillage or deep ploughing, rather than rotary tillage, could be better tillage management considering carbon storage. Meanwhile, we implied that mass fractal dimension (Dm) and POXC could be effective indicators of soil quality, as affected by tillage managements.

scholarly journals Soil erosion affects variations of soil organic carbon and soil respiration along a slope in Northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Li ◽  
Haicheng Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyuan Wang ◽  
Shulan Cheng ◽  
Huajun Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Northeast China

Soil organic carbon and nitrogen sequestration and turnover in aggregates under subtropical leucaena–grass pastures

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Conrad ◽  
Ram C. Dalal ◽  
Ryosuke Fujinuma ◽  
Neal W. Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sequestration ◽  
C And N

Stabilisation and protection of soil organic carbon (SOC) in macroaggregates and microaggregates represents an important mechanism for the sequestration of SOC. Legume-based grass pastures have the potential to contribute to aggregate formation and stabilisation, thereby leading to SOC sequestration. However, there is limited research on the C and N dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) fractions in deep-rooted legume leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala)–grass pastures. We assessed the potential of leucaena to sequester carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soil aggregates by estimating the origin, quantity and distribution in the soil profile. We utilised a chronosequence (0–40 years) of seasonally grazed leucaena stands (3–6 m rows), which were sampled to a depth of 0.3 m at 0.1-m intervals. The soil was wet-sieved for different aggregate sizes (large macroaggregates, >2000 µm; small macroaggregates, 250–2000 µm; microaggregates, 53–250 µm; and <53 µm), including occluded particulate organic matter (oPOM) within macroaggregates (>250 µm), and then analysed for organic C, N and δ13C and δ15N. Leucaena promoted aggregation, which increased with the age of the leucaena stands, and in particular the formation of large macroaggregates compared with grass in the upper 0.2 m. Macroaggregates contained a greater SOC stock than microaggregates, principally as a function of the soil mass distribution. The oPOM-C and -N concentrations were highest in macroaggregates at all depths. The acid nonhydrolysable C and N distribution (recalcitrant SOM) provided no clear distinction in stabilisation of SOM between pastures. Leucaena- and possibly other legume-based grass pastures have potential to sequester SOC through stabilisation and protection of oPOM within macroaggregates in soil.

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