scholarly journals Stringency in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) criteria and application in clinical study recruitment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine P. Schneider ◽  
Heather Huddleston ◽  
Umesh Masharani ◽  
Ashley E. Mason ◽  
Lynda Frassetto
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Ovarian Size ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Diagnosis Criteria ◽  
Registration Date ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background: In this manuscript, we review the various criteria used to diagnosis PCOS, and discuss how the specific diagnostic criteria used can impact recruitment for PCOS studies. PCOS is a common diagnosis, but with a number of differing definitions. We were interested in addressing these differing stringencies and application in clinical trial, such as our group’s PCOS diet study.Methods: For our study on the effects of diets to alter insulin resistance, we adopted the one using more stringent criteria, consisting of biochemical abnormalities, menstrual abnormalities, insulin resistance and abnormal ovarian size and structure. Our study actively recruits from PCOS clinics in the Bay Area. We reported number of women successfully recruited using our PCOS diagnosis stringency, and how these numbers differ from women referred to PCOS clinics in the Bay Area. We also report the reasons patients did not fit our diagnosis criteria to shed insight into how diagnosis differ between healthcare professionals.Results: To our surprise, the vast majority of subjects seen in the tertiary referral PCOS center at UCSF did not qualify for the study.Conclusion: The definition of PCOS may be important in study design, and can impact the ability to recruit for the study.Trial registration: Date of registration: June 20, 2014, NIH ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02190097

scholarly journals Stringency in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) criteria and application in clinical study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Schneider ◽  
Heather Huddleston ◽  
Umesh Masharani ◽  
Ashley E. Mason ◽  
Lynda Frassetto
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Ovarian Size ◽  
Diet Study ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Diagnosis Criteria ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background: In this manuscript, we review the various criteria used to diagnosis PCOS, and discuss how the specific diagnostic criteria used can impact recruitment for PCOS studies. PCOS is a common diagnosis, but with a number of differing definitions. We were interested in addressing these differing stringencies and application in clinical trial, such as our group’s PCOS diet study. Methods: For our study on the effects of diets to alter insulin resistance, we adopted the one using more stringent criteria, consisting of biochemical abnormalities, menstrual abnormalities, insulin resistance and abnormal ovarian size and structure. Our study actively recruits from PCOS clinics in the Bay Area. We reported number of women successfully recruited using our PCOS diagnosis stringency, and how these numbers differ from women referred to PCOS clinics in the Bay Area. We also report the reasons patients did not fit our diagnosis criteria to shed insight into how diagnosis differ between healthcare professionals. Results: To our surprise, the vast majority of subjects seen in the tertiary referral PCOS center at UCSF did not qualify for the study. Conclusion: The definition of PCOS may be important in study design, and can impact the ability to recruit for the study.

Diabetes Mellitus: Control and Complications

2014 ◽  
pp. 517-526
Author(s):  
Deborah J. Wexler ◽  
David M. Nathan
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Syndrome X ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Increase In Risk

Metabolic syndrome (MetS), also referred to as the insulin resistance syndrome or syndrome X, refers to a constellation of metabolic abnormalities that tend to cluster together and lead to a substantial increase in risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although manifestations of MetS have been recognized since the 1920s, it was first described as a syndrome by Gerald Reaven in 1988. The most commonly used definition of MetS in the United States is the one proposed by the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATPIII). The definition was first published in 2001 and then updated in 2004 (see table 52.1); however, there are other definitions as well (see table 52.2). Most definitions include insulin resistance (IR) or abdominal obesity as the essential criterion. The NCEP definition does not require the presence of IR or obesity as an essential criterion. However, most individuals diagnosed with MetS according to the NCEP definition are both obese and insulin resistant.

IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio: a mechanistic insight into the metabolic syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justo Sierra-Johnson ◽  
Abel Romero-Corral ◽  
Virend K. Somers ◽  
Francisco Lopez-Jimenez ◽  
Anders Mälarstig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Igfbp 3

Recent reports suggest that IGF (insulin-like growth factor)-I and IGFBP-3 (IGF-binding protein-3) have independent and opposing mechanistic effects on insulin. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio and the metabolic syndrome. We examined 3281 subjects (1463 men and 1818 women, aged 20–49 years), otherwise healthy adults, who participated in NHANES III (Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), which has released measurements of IGF-I and IGFBP-3. Insulin resistance was estimated using the computer HOMA2 (homoeostatic model assessment 2) model. The updated ATP-III (Adult Treatment Panel III) definition of the metabolic syndrome was used. We applied adjusted logistic and linear regression models. After adjusting for age and race, men and women in the lowest quartile of the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio were 3-fold more likely to meet the ATP-III definition of the metabolic syndrome and twice as likely to be insulin-resistant. Mean values of the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio decreased significantly as the number of metabolic syndrome components increased (P<0.0001, as determined by ANOVA). The area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve for detecting insulin resistance using the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio was 0.760, significantly improving upon either protein alone (P=0.01). In conclusion, the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio is significantly associated with the metabolic syndrome. Calculating the ratio of these two proteins may provide insight into the metabolic syndrome clustering phenomenon.

scholarly journals The Absence of a Gendered Perspective in Contemporary Discussions on Violence Against Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-55
Author(s):  
Jasna Podreka
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Structuralist Theory ◽  
Scientific Context ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Violent Events

The author addresses the question of why, after more than half a century of feminist heritage in the field of conceptualisation and understanding of violence against women, its importance should be re-established and re-examined within a scientific context. The author starts from the premise that the definition of what actually constitutes violence is no longer at the forefront of public discussions. There is also a lack of contextual examination of violent events through the lens of power relations in the existing gender order. Public discourse, which is characterised by quick and superficial reflections on individual events that are taken out of context is completely devoid of any insight into the problem of violence against women, due to the continued gender inequality in society. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of understanding violence against women through the prism of gender or gender inequality, which is the key contribution of feminist structuralist theory. In light of this, a critique of feminist structuralist theory is presented, as it is the one that has laid down the foundation for understanding violence against women, while not providing all the tools needed for a complex understanding of the problem in its entirety. The author uses the example of the Harvey Weinstein scandal to attempt to illuminate the issue.

scholarly journals Polycystic ovary syndrome: insight into pathogenesis and a common association with insulin resistance

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M Barber ◽  
George K Dimitriadis ◽  
Avgi Andreou ◽  
Stephen Franks
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Common Association ◽  
Insight Into

An Earth Networks Lightning Climatology Using Thunder Hours 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Lapierre ◽  
Elizabeth DiGangi ◽  
Michael Stock
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Grid Point ◽  
Thunderstorm Activity ◽  
Lightning Flash ◽  
Storm Activity ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Insight Into

&lt;p&gt;Lightning data are often used to measure the location and intensity of thunderstorms. Long term trends of thunderstorm activity can be a helpful tool for understanding our changing climate. This study presents data from the Earth Networks Global Lightning Network (ENGLN) in the form of thunder hours. A thunder hour is defined as an hour during which thunder can be heard from a given location. Thunder hours are an intuitive measure of lightning since the one-hour interval represents the life span of most airmass thunderstorms. Examining long-term lightning patterns in the context of thunder hours lends insight into thunderstorm activity without being heavily influenced by individual storm intensity, shedding light on patterns in storm activity associated with weaker thunderstorms. Thunder hour observations also reduce network performance dependencies in the dataset, making thunder hours particularly useful for studying climatology. Thunder hours have been calculated for the entire globe using 5 years of data from the ENGLN. To translate lightning flash locations to thunder hours, we converted the entire globe to a 0.05&amp;#176; grid, and we have slightly modified the definition of thunder-hour to an UTC hour during which lightning was located within 15 km of a given grid point. The 15 km criteria here is based on the approximate range at which thunder can be heard from a lightning flash. This study will examine global thunderstorm activity, highlighting diurnal and seasonal patterns observed across the globe.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Polycystic ovary syndrome: insight into pathogenesis and a common association with insulin resistance

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (Suppl 6) ◽  
pp. s72-s76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M Barber ◽  
George K Dimitriadis ◽  
Avgi Andreou ◽  
Stephen Franks
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Common Association ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals The Absence of a Gendered Perspective in Contemporary Discussions on Violence Against Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-55
Author(s):  
Jasna Podreka
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Structuralist Theory ◽  
Scientific Context ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Violent Events

The author addresses the question of why, after more than half a century of feminist heritage in the field of conceptualisation and understanding of violence against women, its importance should be re-established and re-examined within a scientific context. The author starts from the premise that the definition of what actually constitutes violence is no longer at the forefront of public discussions. There is also a lack of contextual examination of violent events through the lens of power relations in the existing gender order. Public discourse, which is characterised by quick and superficial reflections on individual events that are taken out of context is completely devoid of any insight into the problem of violence against women, due to the continued gender inequality in society. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of understanding violence against women through the prism of gender or gender inequality, which is the key contribution of feminist structuralist theory. In light of this, a critique of feminist structuralist theory is presented, as it is the one that has laid down the foundation for understanding violence against women, while not providing all the tools needed for a complex understanding of the problem in its entirety. The author uses the example of the Harvey Weinstein scandal to attempt to illuminate the issue.

scholarly journals Peacebuilding in Kosovo

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Sc. Ngadhnjim Brovina
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Insight Into

Peacebuilding as a definitions has been initiated and studied quite late, while as a concept it begun to be used after the Cold War. The well-known researcher Johan Galtung, was the one who developed and reasoned the notion of peacebuilding as well as its development phasing.For this scientific paper, which deals with peacebuilding, we have chosen as a case study, the case of Kosovo.The main objective of this paper is to present the developments in Kosovo, and its journey towards peacebuilding, starting from 1999, a period when the war ends and peace begins.Materials elaborated in this paper, are mainly articles and scientific papers by foreign authors, because it is worthwhile and important to have an insight into their point of view regarding Kosovo peacebuilding case.The methodology applied in this research paper, is based on the analysis of these materials, using descriptive and historical method, through which we will highlight the case of peacebuilding in Kosovo.The expected outcomes of this paper, aim to present the definition of peacebuilding as a concept as well as its usage in the case of Kosovo, as a case study used in this research paper. It also aims to show the challenges that Kosovo politics have encountered in order to build a sustainable peace.In the conclusions of this paper, we would like to present the case of peacebuilding in Kosovo as a success story, and this case may be used as a model for other international cases where needed.

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