scholarly journals Effect of anticholinergic medications on the risk of dementia: a Protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Maraghi ◽  
Ali Reza Safarpour ◽  
Maryam Hajmohammadi ◽  
Ali Akbar Oroojan ◽  
Amal Saki Malehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Anticholinergic Drugs ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity

Abstract Introduction: The most kind of dementia is Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer’s is a type of degenerative cerebrovascular disorder which exacerbates over time. Meanwhile, anticholinergic drugs can potentially modify the risk factors. As different studies have achieved different results and the clinical findings of these interventions have not been conclusive, the objective of this research will be to evaluate the effect of anticholinergic drugs on the risk of dementia.Materials& Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis with no language limitation between 1988.12.15 and 2020.12.15 will search WoS, EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest electronic databases and grey literature. Our search strategy with suitability criteria evaluating the effect of anticholinergic drugs on the risk of dementia. Two authors will independently implement the selection phases, data extraction, and quality assessment. Any discrepancies between reviewers will be resolved by consensus; otherwise, the viewpoint of a third specialist person will be applied. The reviewers will evaluate the risk of bias using NOS. We will conduct a meta-analysis with Random Effect Model or Fixed Effect Model according to severity of methodological heterogeneity. The results will be presented via the forest plot for the composition of final studies’ data, to demonstrate the separated and combined frequency and their corresponding 95% CIs and summary tables and narrative summaries. Using I2 statistics and the Q-statistic test, the statistical heterogeneity will be evaluated. For evaluating the possible reporting bias, the Funnel plot will be used; also Begg's and Egger's tests will be applied for significant results of the publication bias, and the Fill & Trim method for reformed publication bias. Ethical and dissemination: The systematic review findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will also be presented at national/international academic and clinical conferences.PROSPRO Registration: CRD42020219612

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Factors and Caries in People between 19 and 60 Years of Age: An Update of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Costa ◽  
Carolina Martins ◽  
Mânia Pinto ◽  
Mara Vasconcelos ◽  
Mauro Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Ottawa Scale

This study is aimed to perform an update of a systematic review and meta-regression to evaluate the effect modification of the socioeconomic indicators on caries in adults. We included studies that associated social determinants with caries, with no restriction of year and language. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the risk of bias. With regard to the meta-analysis, statistical heterogeneity was evaluated by I2, and the random effect model was used when it was high. A subgroup analysis was conducted for socioeconomic indicators, and a meta-regression was performed. Publication bias was assessed through Egger’s test. Sixty-one studies were included in the systematic review and 25 were included in the meta-analysis. All of the studies were published between 1975 and 2016. The most frequent socioeconomic indicators were schooling, income, and socioeconomic status (SES). In the quantitative analysis, the DMFT (decayed, missing, filled teeth) variation was attributed to the studies’ heterogeneity. The increase of 10.35 units in the proportion of people with lower SES was associated with an increase of one unit in DMFT, p = 0.050. The findings provide evidence that populations with the highest proportions of people with low SES are associated with a greater severity of caries. The results suggest the need for actions to reduce the inequalities in oral health (PROSPERO [CRD42017074434]).

scholarly journals Alteration of Postural Balance in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
David Núñez-Fuentes ◽  
Esteban Obrero-Gaitán ◽  
Noelia Zagalaz-Anula ◽  
Alfonso Javier Ibáñez-Vera ◽  
Alexander Achalandabaso-Ochoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Fibromyalgia Syndrome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Functional Balance ◽  
Sensory Organization ◽  
Effect Model

Balance problems are one of the most frequent symptoms in patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS). However, the extent and nature of this balance disorder are not known. The objective of this work was to determine the best evidence for the alteration of postural balance in patients with FMS and analyze differences with healthy controls. To meet this objective, a systematic review with meta-analysis was performed. A bibliographical search was carried out in PubMed Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and SciELO. Observational studies that assessed postural balance in patients with FMS compared to healthy subjects in baseline conditions, were selected. In a random-effect model, the pooled effect was calculated with the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Nineteen studies reporting data of 2347 participants (95% female) were included. FMS patients showed poor balance with a large effect on static (SMD = 1.578; 95% CI = 1.164, 1.992), dynamic (SMD = 0.946; 95% CI = 0.598, 1.294), functional balance (SMD = 1.138; 95% CI = 0.689, 1.588) and on balance confidence (SMD = 1.194; 95% CI = 0.914, 1.473). Analysis of the Sensory Organization Test showed large alteration of vestibular (SMD = 1.631; 95% CI = 0.467, 2.795) and visual scores (SMD = 1.317; 95% CI = 0.153, 2.481) compared to healthy controls. Patients with FMS showed worse scores for different measures of postural balance compared to healthy controls. Concretely, FMS patients appear to have poor vestibular and visual scores with a possible somatosensory dependence.

scholarly journals Magnitude and determinants of neural tube defect in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Atlaw ◽  
Yohannes Tekalegn ◽  
Biniyam Sahiledengle ◽  
Kenbon Seyoum ◽  
Damtew Solomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Background Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a group of disorders that arise from the failure of the neural tube close between 21 and 28 days after conception. About 90% of neural tube defects and 95% of death due to these defects occurs in low-income countries. Since these NTDs cause considerable morbidity and mortality, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of NTDs in Africa. Methods The protocol of this study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO number: CRD42020149356). All major databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, African Journals Online (AJOL), and Google Scholar search engine were systematically searched. A random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of NTDs in Africa, and Cochran’s Q-statistics and I2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity between included studies. Publication bias was assessed using Begg ’s tests, and the association between determinant factors and NTDs was estimated using a random-effect model. Results Of the total 2679 articles, 37 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of NTDs in Africa was 50.71 per 10,000 births (95% CI: 48.03, 53.44). Folic acid supplementation (AOR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.19–0.85), maternal exposure to pesticide (AOR: 3.29; 95% CI: 1.04–10.39), mothers with a previous history of stillbirth (AOR: 3.35, 95% CI: 1.99–5.65) and maternal exposure to x-ray radiation (AOR 2.34; 95% CI: 1.27–4.31) were found to be determinants of NTDs. Conclusions The pooled prevalence of NTDs in Africa was found to be high. Maternal exposure to pesticides and x-ray radiation were significantly associated with NTDs. Folic acid supplementation before and within the first month of pregnancy was found to be a protective factor for NTDs.

scholarly journals Association between Oral Contraceptives and cutaneous melanoma: a systematic review and metanalysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Giacchetta ◽  
M Chiavarini ◽  
G Naldini ◽  
R Fabiani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Hormonal Factors ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background The probability of developing invasive cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is higher in women than in men up until the age of 49. Several studies investigated the association between hormonal factors and CMM. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the evidence on the association between Oral Contraceptives (OC) and the risk of CMM. Methods This review and meta-analysis follow the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic literature search was conducted on Medline and Web of Science until December 2019. Studies were eligible if reported a risk estimate for the association between OC and CMM. Heterogeneity testing was performed using Cochran's Q and I2 statistics. Publication bias was assessed by Egger's test and Begg's test. Meta-analysis was performed using random effect model. Results The results of the pooled analysis of all 32 studies showed no significant association between OC and the risk of CMM (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.94-1.11; I2=39.32%, p = 0.013). The stratified analyses by study design found no significant association between OC and the risk of CMM neither in the 18 case-control studies (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.87-1.21; I2=56.91%, p = 0.002) nor in the 14 cohort studies (OR 1.04; 95% CI 0.98-1.11; I2=0.00%, p = 0.557). No significant publication bias could be detected by Egger's test or Begg's test. Conclusions This meta-analysis of available literature suggests no significant association between OC and the risk of developing CMM. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the possible relationship of OC use and other hormonal factors potentially contributing to the increased risk of CMM in women during their reproductive years. Key messages Oral contraceptives (OC) do not significantly contribute to the risk of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma (CMM). Further studies are needed to investigate the potential role of other hormonal factors in the increased probability of developing CMM in women during their reproductive years.

scholarly journals Is Routine Preoperative Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Prior to Bariatric Surgery Mandatory? Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 10,685 Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 3073-3083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid El Ansari ◽  
Ayman El-Menyar ◽  
Brijesh Sathian ◽  
Hassan Al-Thani ◽  
Mohammed Al-Kuwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Surgical Approach ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background This systematic review and meta-analysis searched, retrieved and synthesized the evidence as to whether preoperative esophagogastroduodenoscopy (p-EGD) should be routine before bariatric surgery (BS). Methods Databases searched for retrospective, prospective, and randomized (RCT) or quasi-RCT studies (01 January 2000–30 April 2019) of outcomes of routine p-EGD before BS. STROBE checklist assessed the quality of the studies. P-EGD findings were categorized: Group 0 (no abnormal findings); Group 1 (abnormal findings that do not necessitate changing the surgical approach or postponing surgery); Group 2 (abnormal findings that change the surgical approach or postpone surgery); and Group 3 (findings that signify absolute contraindications to surgery). We assessed data heterogeneity and publication bias. Random effect model was used. Results Twenty-five eligible studies were included (10,685 patients). Studies were heterogeneous, and there was publication bias. Group 0 comprised 5424 patients (56%, 95% CI: 45–67%); Group 1, 2064 patients (26%, 95% CI: 23–50%); Group 2, 1351 patients (16%, 95% CI: 11–21%); and Group 3 included 31 patients (0.4%, 95% CI: 0–1%). Conclusion For 82% of patients, routine p-EGD did not change surgical plan/ postpone surgery. For 16% of patients, p-EGD findings necessitated changing the surgical approach/ postponing surgery, but the proportion of postponements due to medical treatment of H Pylori as opposed to “necessary” substantial change in surgical approach is unclear. For 0.4% patients, p-EGD findings signified absolute contraindication to surgery. These findings invite a revisit to whether p-EGD should be routine before BS, and whether it is judicious to expose many obese patients to an invasive procedure that has potential risk and insufficient evidence of effectiveness. Further justification is required.

scholarly journals Front-line staff's perspective on patient safety culture in Iranian medical centers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-207
Author(s):  
Omid Khosravizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Mohseni ◽  
Najmeh Baghian ◽  
Aisa Maleki ◽  
Ailar Hashtroodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Safety Culture ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Patient Safety Culture ◽  
Forest Plot

BACKGROUND: The prerequisite for promoting safety culture is to assess the existing safety culture level of institutes, because safety precautions without appropriate evaluation increase costs and unforeseen risks. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to systematically review the status of patient safety culture from the perspective of clinical personnel at Iranian hospitals through a meta-analysis of studies using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) questionnaire. METHODS: The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in 2018. Data were gathered by searching Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases up to November 2018. Search keywords were “patient”, “safety”, “culture”, “healthcare”, “hospital”, “medical center”, “HSOPSC tool”, and “Iran”. The search protocol was limited to 10 years. To estimate the PSC score, computer software CMA:2 (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis) was used. The presence of heterogeneity across the studies was assessed with the I2 statistic. A forest plot was used to report the results. Publication bias was assessed through a funnel plot. RESULTS: The meta-analysis of studies showed that the PSC score based on the random effect model was 52.7% (95% CI: 50.2%–55.2%), (Q = 522.3, df = 54, P < 0.05, I2 = 89.6). A mean of 12 dimensions of HSOPSC showed that the “Teamwork within units” dimension had the highest PSC score (67.2%) and “Non-punitive response to error” had the lowest score (40.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Managers and policymakers should be directed towards non-punitive responses to errors and persuade staff to report errors and execute the approach to learn from mistakes. Also, a periodic government evaluation of the patient safety culture will help further its sustainable development.

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Pirfenidone, Nintedanib, and Pamrevlumab for the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 106002802096445
Author(s):  
Enrica Di Martino ◽  
Alessio Provenzani ◽  
Patrizio Vitulo ◽  
Piera Polidori
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
World Health ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Positive Effect

Background: The comparative efficacy of pirfenidone, nintedanib, and pamrevlumab in slowing the rate of forced vital capacity (FVC) decline and mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is unknown. Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis (MA) of these drugs for IPF. Methods: We searched CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE, ClincalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization’s registry databases up to March 2020. Phase II/III randomized controlled trials in adults with IPF were eligible. The random-effect model was implemented calculating the effect size and respective 95% CI as Cohen’s d for change from baseline FVC (in percentage predicted and liters) and odds ratio (OR) for 10% reduction in FVC and all-cause mortality (ACM). Results: Six studies were included in the MA. For change from baseline in percentage predicted FVC, the MA indicated that the 3 drugs were more effective than placebo (pirfenidone: d=3.30%, 95% CI=2.15-4.45; nintedanib: d=3.15%, 95% CI=2.35-3.95; pamrevlumab: d=4.30%, 95% CI=0.45-8.15). These results are superimposable to those relating to change from baseline FVC in liters (pirfenidone: d=0.09L, 95% CI=0.04-0.14; nintedanib: d=0.13L, 95% CI=0.10-0.16; pamrevlumab: d=0.20L, 95% CI=0.05-0.35). Each drug had a positive effect on 10% reduction in FVC (pirfenidone: OR=0.57, 95% CI=0.45-0.74; nintedanib: OR=0.66, 95% CI=0.51-0.85; pamrevlumab: OR=0.24, 95% CI=0.08-0.73), but only pirfenidone showed an effect on ACM (OR=0.50; 95% CI=0.31-0.83). Conclusion and Relevance: This MA provided encouraging results on pamrevlumab efficacy in slowing the decline in FVC compared with pirfenidone and nintedanib. Actually, in phase 3, it could become a potential IPF treatment.

scholarly journals Semen parameters in men recovered from COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar Tiwari ◽  
Niranjan KC ◽  
Sajan Thapa ◽  
Anuja Ghimire ◽  
Sanjeev M Bijukchhe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Sexual Hormones ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Semen Volume

Abstract Background: The novel beta-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has infected millions of people globally with high risk among male then female. However, the effect of COVID-19 andrology is still a subject of dispute. We planned to analyze the overall consequences of COVID-19 on semen parameters and male sex hormones.Main text: Systematic search was performed on MEDLINE and Scopus database until June 11 2021. We included observational studies, which reported mean ± standard deviation of the semen parameters and serum sex hormones of those reproductive-aged male recovered from COVID-19 and controls who did not suffered from COVID-19. We used Random-effect model to pool the studies, as heterogeneity was present. Heterogeneity was evaluated by Q test and I2. All studies were assessed with their quality and publication bias.We assessed 966 articles for eligibility and found 7 eligible studies meeting PICO criteria. This include 934 participants with mean age 37.34 ± 10.5. Random-effect model meta-analysis showed that men recovered form COVID-19 had semen parameters less than those who had not suffered from COVID-19. The overall mean difference (MD) [95% confidence interval (CI)] in semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm number, and progressive sperm motility was -0.20 (-0.45, 0.05), -16.59 (-34.82, 1.65), -45.44 (-84.56, -6.31), -1.73(-8.20, 4.75) respectively. Considering sex hormones; Luteinizing hormone and prolactin was found more among those recovered with the significant MD (95% CI) of 3.47 (1.59, 5.35) and 3.21 (1.71, 4.72) respectively.Conclusion: Both the semen parameters and sexual hormones were found to be affected after infected with COVID-19. However, the mechanism for testicular involvement remains doubtful.This systematic review and meta-analysis has been registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021259445)

scholarly journals Do Corticosteroids Affect Prenatal Biophysical Parameters? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
Sanaz Musavi ◽  
Leila Nikniaz ◽  
Hosein Hoseinifard ◽  
Arezou Hamzehzadeh ◽  
Shabnam Vazifekhah
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Biophysical Profile ◽  
Betamethasone And Dexamethasone

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of betamethasone and dexamethasone on biophysical profile (BPP) parameters. In addition, it was performed in 2017, using several databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane library, ISI Web of science, Proquest, and Google scholar, along with Magiran SID and IranMedex. Eligible studies were selected by two reviewers and the outcomes of interest were extracted as well. Meta-analysis was done using the random effect model. Further, I-square statistic test was used for heterogeneity analysis and the presence of publication bias was also checked. At last, 12 studies were included and a random and fixed effect model was used for analysis. The pooled event rates were 4.5% (95% CI = 0.01-64.3, P=0.1), 76.8% (% 95 CI=33.5-95.6, P=0.21), 71.8% (% 95 CI=38.8-91.1, P=0.18), 70.9% (%95 CI=38.4-90.5, P=0.20), and 92.3% (%95 CI=76.0-97.8, P<0.001) for the reduced amniotic fluid volume, baseline fetal heart rate reactivity, fetal breathing, fetal movement, and heart rate variability, respectively. In summary, a significant decrease was observed in heart rate variability following betamethasone and dexamethasone administration. However, further systematic reviews are necessary to differentiate steroid induced changes in the fetal BPP from those due to fetal compromise

scholarly journals Association of human papilloma Virus infection other than cervical cancer: Systematic Review and Meta Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Habtamu Molla ◽  
Habtamu Temesgen ◽  
Dereje Beyene
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Human Papilloma Virus (hpv) infection causes different cancer diseases. Cervical cancer is the most common hpv related disease. hpv infection also causes cancer of anus, vulva, vagina, penis, skin, bladder, prostate, breast, oral and others because the hpv virus is epithelium-tropic. But the association of hpv infection other than cervical cancer, for example breast cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer etc is still inconclusive. Thus, the objective of this review was to collect published information on hpv infection other than cervix to explore the pooled prevalence of hpv infection as well as related types of cancers.  Publish research articles of hpv infection and cancer risks other than cervical cancer were systematically searched through Internet. The preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis guidelines were followed. Joanna Brigg’s Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (jbi-mastari) adapted for cross sectional/case control study design was used for quality assessment of each individual study. A total of 22 studies were extracted and analyzed using stata 14. The random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence; whereas subgroup analysis and meta-regression was performed to identify the probable source of heterogeneity. Both Egger’s and Begg’s tests were used to check publication bias.  The totals of 486 studies were retrieved and 22 studies were included in this meta- analysis. The meta-analysis result showed that the pooled prevalence of hpv infection other than cervix was 34.36% (95% CI: 23.75, 44.97) with severe heterogeneity (I2 = 99.5%; p<0.001) with no publication bias. The highest pooled prevalence of hpv infection other than cervix was related to genital cancer which is 58.63% (95% CI: 51.86, 65.39), followed by oral cancer (47.15% with 95% CI: 19.67, 74.63). Although cervical cancer is primarily hpv induced cancer which well articulated with so many researches, other cancer types (based on the location of the hpv infection) are also increasing across the world based on this systematic and meta-analysis study. hpv infection increases the risk of developing cancers other than cervical cancer.

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