scholarly journals Incidence and Prognosis of Bone Metastases in Common Solid Cancers at Initial Diagnosis: A Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Qingde Wa ◽  
Song Hong ◽  
Dongfeng Cai ◽  
Jiachen Peng
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Initial Diagnosis ◽  
Breast And Prostate Cancer ◽  
Primary Type

Abstract Background Bone is one of the most common sites of advanced tumors. However, there is currently a lack of population-based surveys for the incidence and prognosis of bone metastases in common solid cancers.Methods Patients with 12 types of primary cancer and bone metastases at initial diagnosis between 2010 and 2015 were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox logistic regression were conducted to analyze survival and the effect of bone metastases on different cancers.Results We included 89,782 patients with bone metastases at cancer diagnosis. Lung cancer had the highest incidence (17.61%) of bone metastases at diagnosis in any stage, followed by liver cancer (6.29%), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (6.22%) and renal cancer (5.19%). Among patients with breast and prostate cancer, only 3.4% and 4.39%, respectively, were identified as having bone metastases at diagnosis. Breast cancer (32.1%), prostate cancer (25.2%), thyroid cancer (46.8%) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (24.8%) patients with only bone metastasis have an over 20% five-year survival rate. Compared with patients at a stage previous to metastasis, bone metastasis significantly increased the risk of mortality and reduced survival time, especially for patients with prostate cancer (HR: 19.64, 95% CI 18.36 to 21.02). Concomitant other organ metastases make patient survival worse. Regarding the metastases of prostate cancer, bone metastases are the main type, while for colorectal cancer, bone metastases and concomitant visceral metastases mainly occur.Conclusions The findings of this study provide estimates of the incidence and prognosis of patients with bone metastases during the initial diagnosis of common solid cancers. In addition, we also clarified the degree to which bone metastasis affects patient survival. Patient prognosis depends on the primary type of cancer. These results can be used as a reference for the screening of metastases, and the optimization of personalized treatment options to improve the quality of life and survival of patients.

scholarly journals Bone, a Secondary Growth Site of Breast and Prostate Carcinomas: Role of Osteocytes

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1812
Author(s):  
Paola Maroni ◽  
Paola Bendinelli
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Breast And Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Cancers

Bone is the primarily preferred site for breast and prostate cancer to metastasize. Bone metastases are responsible for most deaths related to breast and prostate cancer. The bone’s particular microenvironment makes it conducive for the growth of cancer cells. Studies on bone metastasis have focused on the interaction between cancer cells and the bone microenvironment. Osteocytes, the most common cell type of bone tissue, have received little attention in bone metastasis, although they are master signal sensors, integrators, and skeleton transducers. They play an important role in regulating bone mass by acting on both osteoblasts and osteoclasts, through the release of proteins such as sclerostin, Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Osteocytes have been extensively re-evaluated, in light of their multiple functions: with different experimental approaches, it has been shown that, indeed, osteocytes are actively involved in the colonization of bone tissue by cancer cells. The present review focuses on recent research on the role that osteocytes play in bone metastasis of breast and prostate cancers. Moreover, the studies here summarized open up perspectives for new therapeutic approaches focused on modulating the activity of osteocytes to improve the condition of the bone metastatic patients. A better understanding of the complex interactions between cancer cells and bone-resident cells is indispensable for identifying potential therapeutic targets to stop tumor progression and prevent bone metastases.

scholarly journals Insulin-like growth factor-1 genotypes and haplotypes influence the survival of prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis at initial diagnosis

BMC Cancer ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norihiko Tsuchiya ◽  
Shintaro Narita ◽  
Takamitsu Inoue ◽  
Mitsuru Saito ◽  
Kazuyuki Numakura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Initial Diagnosis ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor

Associations between patient knowledge of others' experiences and treatment choice in men with localized prostate cancer.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6578-6578
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Katz ◽  
Ying Cao ◽  
Xinglei Shen ◽  
Deborah Usinger ◽  
Sarah Walden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Treatment Choice ◽  
Localized Prostate Cancer ◽  
The North ◽  
Patient Reported

6578 Background: Men with localized prostate cancer must select from multiple treatment options, without one clear best choice. Consequently, personal factors, such as knowing other prostate cancer patients who have undergone treatment, may influence patient decision-making. However, associations between knowledge about others’ experiences and treatment decision-making among localized prostate cancer patients has not been well characterized. We used data from a population-based cohort of localized prostate cancer patients to examine whether patient-reported knowledge of others’ experiences is associated with treatment choice. Methods: The North Carolina Prostate Cancer Comparative Effectiveness & Survivorship Study (NC ProCESS) is a population-based cohort of localized prostate cancer patients enrolled from 2011-2013 throughout the state of North Carolina in collaboration with the North Carolina Central Cancer Registry. All patients were enrolled prior to treatment and followed prospectively. Patient decision-making factors including knowledge of others’ experiences with prostate cancer treatment options were collected through patient report. Patient treatment choice was determined through medical record abstraction and cancer registry data. Results: Among 1,202 patients, 17% reported knowing someone who pursued active surveillance (AS) while 28%, 46%, and 59% reported knowing someone who received brachytherapy, external beam radiation (EBRT), or radical prostatectomy (RP), respectively; 26% underwent AS, 9% brachytherapy, 21% EBRT, and 39% RP as their initial treatment. In unadjusted analyses, patients with knowledge of others’ experiences with brachytherapy, EBRT or RP had more than twice the odds of receiving that treatment compared to patients who did not. Knowledge of others’ experience with AS was not associated with choice to undergo AS. Multivariable analysis adjusting for age, race, risk group, and patient-reported goals of care showed knowledge of others’ experiences with brachytherapy (OR 4.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.76 to 7.68), EBRT (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.69 to 3.34), or RP (OR 4.02, 95% CI 2.84 to 5.70) was significantly associated with odds of receiving that treatment. The odds of receiving a particular treatment option were further increased among patients who reported knowing someone who had a “good” experience with the treatment in question. Conclusions: This is the first population-based study to directly demonstrate the impact of a patient’s knowledge of others’ experiences on treatment choice in prostate cancer. These data provide a new consideration to clinicians in their counseling of patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer, and also impacts research into the informed decision-making process for this disease.

scholarly journals National survey of radiation oncologists’ practice patterns regarding hormone-naïve prostate cancer with bone metastases

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1188-1194
Author(s):  
Katsumasa Nakamura ◽  
Hitoshi Ishikawa ◽  
Tetsuo Akimoto ◽  
Manabu Aoki ◽  
Shinji Kariya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Practice Patterns ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Dose Fractionation ◽  
Radiation Oncologists ◽  
Multiple Bone Metastases ◽  
Single Bone ◽  
Radiotherapy Dose

Abstract Objective To explore radiation oncologists’ attitudes and practice patterns of radiotherapy for hormone-naïve prostate cancer with bone metastases in Japan. Methods An internet-based survey was distributed to board-certified radiation oncologists of the Japanese Society of Radiation Oncology. Three hypothetical cases were assumed: hormone-naïve prostate cancer with single, three or multiple non-symptomatic bone metastases. The respondents described their attitude regarding such cases, treatment methods and the radiotherapy dose fractionation that they would recommend. Results Among the 1013 board-certified radiation oncologists in Japan, 373 (36.8%) responded to the questionnaire. Most of the respondents (85.0%) believed that radiotherapy may be applicable as a primary treatment for hormone-naïve prostate cancer with bone metastases in some circumstances. For Case 1 (single bone metastasis), 55.0% of the respondents recommended radiotherapy for the prostate and bone metastasis. For Case 2 (three bone metastases), only 24.4% recommended radiotherapy for all lesions, and 31.4% recommended radiotherapy for the prostate only. For Case 3 (multiple bone metastases), 49.1% of the respondents stated that there was no indication for radiotherapy. However, 34% of the respondents still preferred to administer radiotherapy for the prostate. The radiotherapy techniques and dose fractionations varied widely among the respondents. Conclusion Most of the respondent radiation oncologists believed that radiotherapy may be beneficial for hormone-naïve prostate cancer with bone metastases.

scholarly journals The Mode-of-Action of Targeted Alpha Therapy Radium-223 as an Enabler for Novel Combinations to Treat Patients with Bone Metastasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 3899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari I. Suominen ◽  
Timothy Wilson ◽  
Sanna-Maria Käkönen ◽  
Arne Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Targeted Alpha Therapy ◽  
Radium 223 ◽  
Alpha Therapy

Bone metastasis is a common clinical complication in several cancer types, and it causes a severe reduction in quality of life as well as lowering survival time. Bone metastases proceed through a vicious self-reinforcing cycle that can be osteolytic or osteoblastic in nature. The vicious cycle is characterized by cancer cells residing in bone releasing signal molecules that promote the differentiation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts either directly or indirectly. The increased activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts then increases bone turnover, which releases growth factors that benefit metastatic cancer cells. In order to improve the prognosis of patients with bone metastases this cycle must be broken. Radium-223 dichloride (radium-223), the first targeted alpha therapy (TAT) approved, is an osteomimetic radionuclide that is incorporated into bone metastases where its high-linear energy transfer alpha radiation disrupts both the activity of bone cells and cancer cells. Therefore, radium-223 treatment has been shown preclinically to directly affect cancer cells in both osteolytic breast cancer and osteoblastic prostate cancer bone metastases as well as to inhibit the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Clinical studies have demonstrated an increase in survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Due to the effectiveness and low toxicity of radium-223, several novel combination treatment strategies are currently eliciting considerable research interest.

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