The Epidemiological and Economic Impact of a Cell-Based Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in an Adult Population in the US: A Dynamic Modeling Approach

Abstract Background: Mutations of the H3N2 vaccine strain during the egg-based vaccine manufacturing process seem to partly explain the suboptimal effectiveness of traditional seasonal influenza vaccine. Cell-based influenza vaccines avoid such egg-adaptation, thereby improving antigenic match and vaccine effectiveness. The objective of this study was to evaluate the public health and economic impact of a cell-based quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIVc) in adult population (18-64 years) compared to the standard egg-based quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIVe), in the US. Methods: The impact of QIVc over QIVe in terms of public health and costs outcomes was estimated using a dynamic SEIR transmission model. The model is age-structured and accounts for 4 circulating influenza strains (A/H1N1pdm9, A/H3N2, B(Victoria), and B(Yamagata)). It was calibrated on US attack rate and strain circulation for the influenza seasons 2013-2018. US specific absolute vaccine effectiveness for QIVe, specific hospitalization rate, mortality rate, Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) and costs were extracted from published literature. Relative vaccine effectiveness of QIVc over QIVe for subjects 18-64 years of age was obtained from a US retrospective cohort study. Robustness of the results was assessed in univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.Results: Switching from QIVe to QIVc in the 18-64 year-old population may prevent 5.7 M symptomatic cases, 1.8 M outpatient visits; 50K hospitalizations and 5,453 deaths annually. The switch could save 128 K QALYs and US$ 845M in direct costs, resulting in a cost-saving alternative in a 3-year time horizon analysis. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the cost-saving result.Conclusions: The analysis shows that QIVc is expected to prevent a substantial number of hospitalizations and deaths, and would result in substantial savings in health care costs.

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The epidemiological and economic impact of a cell-based quadrivalent influenza vaccine in an adult population in the US: a dynamic modeling approach

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27872/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Van Hung Nguyen ◽

Yvonne Hilsky ◽

Joaquin Mould-Quevedo

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Cost Saving ◽

Influenza Vaccine ◽

Economic Impact ◽

Adult Population ◽

Vaccine Effectiveness ◽

Transmission Model ◽

Life Years ◽

A Cell ◽

Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine

Abstract BackgroundMutations of the H3N2 vaccine strain during the egg-based vaccine manufacturing process seem to partly explain the suboptimal effectiveness of traditional seasonal influenza vaccine. Cell-based influenza vaccines avoid such egg-adaptation, thereby improving antigenic match and vaccine effectiveness. The objective of this study was to evaluate the public health and economic impact of a cell-based quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIVc) in adult population (18–64 years) compared to the standard egg-based quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIVe), in the US.MethodsThe impact of QIVc over QIVe in terms of public health and costs outcomes was estimated using a dynamic SEIR transmission model. The model is age-structured and accounts for 4 circulating influenza strains (A/H1N1pdm9, A/H3N2, B(Victoria), and B(Yamagata)). It was calibrated on US attack rate and strain circulation for the seasons 2013–2018. US specific absolute vaccine effectiveness for QIVe, specific hospitalization rate, mortality rate, Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) and costs were extracted from published literature. Relative vaccine effectiveness of QIVc over QIVe for subjects 18–64 years of age was obtained from a US retrospective cohort study. Robustness of the results was assessed in univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.ResultsSwitching from QIVe to QIVc in the 18–64 year-old population may prevent 5.7 M symptomatic cases, 1.8 M outpatient visits; 50K hospitalizations and 5,453 deaths annually. The switch could save 128 K QALYs and US$ 845M in direct costs, resulting in a cost-saving alternative in a 3-year time horizon analysis. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the cost-saving result.ConclusionsThe analysis shows that QIVc is expected to prevent a substantial number of hospitalizations and deaths, and would result in substantial savings in health care costs.

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The Epidemiological and Economic Impact of a Cell-Based Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in Adults in the US: A Dynamic Modeling Approach

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9101095 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1095

Author(s):

Van Hung Nguyen ◽

Yvonne Hilsky ◽

Joaquin Mould-Quevedo

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Influenza Vaccine ◽

Economic Impact ◽

Influenza Vaccines ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Life Years ◽

The Us ◽

A Cell ◽

The Impact ◽

Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine

Mutations of the H3N2 vaccine strain during the egg-based vaccine manufacturing process partly explain the suboptimal effectiveness of traditional seasonal influenza vaccines. Cell-based influenza vaccines improve antigenic match and vaccine effectiveness by avoiding such egg-adaptation. This study evaluated the public health and economic impact of a cell-based quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIVc) in adults (18–64 years) compared to the standard egg-based quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIVe) in the US. The impact of QIVc over QIVe in public health and cost outcomes was estimated using a dynamic age-structured SEIR transmission model, which accounted for four circulating influenza strains [A/H1N1pdm9, A/H3N2, B(Victoria), and B(Yamagata)] and was calibrated on the 2013–2018 influenza seasons. The robustness of the results was assessed in univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Switching from QIVe to QIVc in 18- to 64-year-olds may prevent 5.7 million symptomatic cases, 1.8 million outpatient visits, 50,000 hospitalizations, and 5453 deaths annually. The switch could save 128,000 Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) and US $ 845 M in direct costs, resulting in cost-savings in a three-year time horizon analysis. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the cost-saving result. The analysis shows that QIVc is expected to prevent hospitalizations and deaths, and result in substantial savings in healthcare costs.

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A real-world study evaluating the relative vaccine effectiveness of a cell-based quadrivalent influenza vaccine compared to egg-based quadrivalent influenza vaccine in the US during the 2017–18 influenza season

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.07.023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (40) ◽

pp. 6334-6343 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Victoria Divino ◽

Girishanthy Krishnarajah ◽

Stephen I. Pelton ◽

Joaquin Mould-Quevedo ◽

Vamshi Ruthwik Anupindi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Vaccine ◽

Real World ◽

Influenza Season ◽

Vaccine Effectiveness ◽

The Us ◽

A Cell ◽

Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine

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Public Health And Economic Impact of A Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine In Comparison to The Trivalent Influenza Vaccine In Brazil Over The Period Of 2010 – 2013

Value in Health ◽

10.1016/j.jval.2015.09.1927 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. A578-A579 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L Bricks ◽

JG Lopez ◽

B Macabeo ◽

AD Piedade ◽

OA Clark ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Influenza Vaccine ◽

Economic Impact ◽

Trivalent Influenza Vaccine ◽

Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine

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Sustainable Tourism, Economic Growth and Employment—The Case of the Wine Routes of Spain

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13137164 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 7164

Author(s):

Guillermo Vázquez Vicente ◽

Victor Martín Barroso ◽

Francisco José Blanco Jiménez

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Economic Impact ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Local Development ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Wine Tourism ◽

Development Tool ◽

The Us ◽

The Impact ◽

Positive Effect

Tourism has become a priority in national and regional development policies and is considered a source of economic growth, particularly in rural areas. Nowadays, wine tourism is an important form of tourism and has become a local development tool for rural areas. Regional tourism development studies based on wine tourism have a long history in several countries such as the US and Australia, but are more recent in Europe. Although Spain is a leading country in the tourism industry, with an enormous wine-growing tradition, the literature examining the economic impact of wine tourism in Spanish economy is scarce. In an attempt to fill this gap, the main objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of wine tourism on economic growth and employment in Spain. More specifically, by applying panel data techniques, we study the economic impact of tourism in nine Spanish wine routes in the period from 2008 to 2018. Our results suggest that tourism in these wine routes had a positive effect on economic growth. However, we do not find clear evidence of a positive effect on employment generation.

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Impact assessment of the public health product tax in Hungary

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1231 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

L Zámbó ◽

M Bakacs ◽

É Illés ◽

A Varga ◽

E Sarkadi Nagy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Communication ◽

Energy Content ◽

Adult Population ◽

Food Choices ◽

Development Project ◽

Economic Effects ◽

Health Product ◽

The Law ◽

The Impact

Abstract Many countries apply fiscal policies to promote healthy diets to reduce the risk factors of NCDs. In 2011, a public health product tax (PHPT) was introduced in Hungary, taxing non-staple food products that carry proven health risks when consumed. The objectives of PHPT were to promote healthier eating habits by increasing the availability of healthy choices; to encourage reformulation; and to increase revenues for public health. With the purpose of evaluating the social and economic effects of PHPT, impact assessments (IAs) were conducted in 2012, 2014, and in 2018. The IA in 2018 was conducted within the framework of an EU-cofunded development project. To measure the awareness of the population on the law; to assess the population's attitude towards PHPT; to map the consumption patterns and to examine the major factors influencing food choices were fundamental parts of the IAs. We aim to present the findings of the latest IA and compare them to the results of the previous studies. Population surveys with questionnaires including the same questions were applied in the three assessments, hence changes during the 6 years could be detected. A sample of the adult population was involved in form of personal interviews in each IA. Based on the results, the awareness of PHPT was less (66%) in 2018 than in 2012 (72%). The adult population's consumption of the taxed products increased in all categories between 2012 and 2018 (except for salty condiments). Sociodemographic factors and awareness of the law correlated with the consumption of certain PHPT products. Taste was the primary determinant of food choice both in 2012 and 2018. The role of the price and the energy content in food choices were decreased significantly by 2018. A higher proportion of people identified the aims of PHPT correctly and agreed with them in 2018. The results draw attention to the importance of further interventions and the need of targeted health communication. Key messages The impact of the PHPT should continue to be monitored and evaluated. To achieve the aims of PHPT in the long term, it is needed to use more effective health communication, furthermore harmonized intersectoral actions should be also implied to promote healthy diet.

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