scholarly journals QoTa-MPR: QoS-oriented and Traffic-aware Multi-path Routing Protocol for Internet of Remote Things

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyu MA ◽  
Yanxing Liu ◽  
Qun Guo ◽  
Xiaochao Dang ◽  
Zhanjun Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Selection Mechanism ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Packet Header ◽  
Transmission Data ◽  
Dynamic Source

Abstract Internet of Remote Things (IoRT) is widely used in both military and civilian applications. However, due to the unique characteristics, which is characterized as long-distance and high-latency, the design of the routing protocol is a great challenge of IoRT. In this paper, a QoS-oriented and traffic-aware multi-path routing protocol (QoTa-MRP) is proposed for IoRT. QoTa-MRP is composed of two parts. The first part is the link traffic-aware based multi-paths source route discovery mechanism, which is used to establish multi-paths with lower link disjoint degree. The second part is path similarity and traffic priority based multi-path selection mechanism, which is used to determine the transmission mode of the traffic flows to enhance the reliability or effectiveness of the transmission. Simultaneously, the protocol is theoretically analyzed in terms of the successful transmission rate of routing transmission data packet. Finally, the dynamic source routing, which is a very representative protocol and is usually used as the baseline comparison protocol, is revisited for the performance verification of the QoTa-MRP in IoRT. It is shown in the simulation results that there are significant superiorities of QoTa-MRP than that of DSR in terms of network throughput, packet loss rate and routing packet header overhead in IoRT.

scholarly journals VaSe-MRP: Velocity-aware and stability-estimation–based multi-path routing protocol in flying ad hoc network

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 155014771988312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyu Ma ◽  
Qun Guo ◽  
Ji Ma ◽  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Hongfeng Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Convergence Time ◽  
Survival Duration ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Routing Overhead ◽  
Stability Estimation

Flying ad hoc network is widely used in many military and civilian scenarios. Compared with mobile ad hoc network and vehicular ad hoc network, flying ad hoc network holds some special characteristics such as high mobility, long-distance communication, and sparse node-deployment, which cause an important challenge in the design of routing protocols. In this article, a velocity-aware and stability-estimation–based multi-path routing protocol is proposed for flying ad hoc network. The protocol is mainly composed of two important parts, which are the routing discovery mechanism and routing maintenance mechanism. In routing discovery process, the routing discovery request packet only can be forwarded by the reliable node, which is decided by the calculation of co-direction degree, then the routing overhead is reduced at some extent. Noticeably, the correlation of the survival duration between adjacent links is fully considered, which is very important to the path stability criteria. In routing maintenance progress, a path similarity and path remaining survival duration–based multi-path selection mechanism is proposed. The performance superiority of velocity-aware and stability-estimation–based multi-path routing protocol is also demonstrated by extensive simulations. The results show that velocity-aware and stability-estimation–based multi-path routing protocol is much better than other existing protocols in terms of network throughput, average delay of data transmission, routing overhead, and the convergence time of the routing discovery.

Performance Evaluation of Efficient MANET Routing Protocol in Smart Grid

2013 ◽  
Vol 347-350 ◽  
pp. 1425-1429
Author(s):  
Fan Bo Meng ◽  
Hong Hao Zhao ◽  
Qing Qi Zhao ◽  
Wei Zhe Ma
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Transmission Data ◽  
Dynamic Source ◽  
Manet Routing ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is an effective method to solve the bottleneck of information collection and wireless transmission in Smart Grid. The particularity of MANET determines the importance of routing protocols. In order to improve the performance of MANET routing protocol, in this paper we evaluate the routing protocol, i.e., Ad hoc On demand Distance Vector (AODV), from several perspectives that did not draw attention in previous works. Furthermore, we also compare AODV with the routing protocol Dynamic source Routing (DSR). The simulation shows that AODV outperforms DSR in generally, and the former is suitable for larger MANET network. The simulation results in this paper not only provide effective evidence for further optimized routing protocols and the current protocols, but also provide feasible solution for Smart Grid to collect and transmission data by using MANET technology.

scholarly journals Efficient on Demand Routing Protocol to Optimize Throughput in Manet

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 2653-2660
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Packet Loss Rate ◽  
Link Quality ◽  
High Quality ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Wireless Links ◽  
Demand Routing

Throughput oriented route selection is still a challenging task due to several constraints of ad-hoc networks such as absence of central control, dynamic network topology, selfish nature of nodes, etc. A routing protocol produce optimum results if it prioritizes wireless links on the basis of link quality and consider high quality/ efficient links at the time of path selection. Proposed protocol discovers high quality/ efficient links and connects those links to establish efficient route in mobile adhoc network that leads to high Aggregate Network Throughput. This work has been done by estimating every link’s ENT (Expected Number of Transmission) value as QoS parameter and considering qualifying high capacity/efficient links to communicate data packets. To estimate ENT value of each link, variability in packet loss rate on that link is observed in simulation experiments. Probability of errors in transmission is estimated at bit level. Results are stochastic and high fluctuations observed in packet loss rate hence 𝝈 𝟐 (i.e. packet loss variance on a wireless link) included in link quality estimation. In proposed protocol EODRP (Efficient On Demand Routing Protocol) link quality based route metric ENT, selects QoS qualified wireless links during route computation and routing information disperse through reactive routing protocol. Simulation results have been analyzed and compared with MXAODV [7] which indicates significant improvement in network efficiency in terms of throughput and other parameters.

Reliable Dynamic Source Routing Protocol Based on Local Trust System

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1098-1110
Author(s):  
Yu-Xing SUN ◽  
Li XIE ◽  
Yi-Fei CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Source Routing ◽  
Dynamic Source Routing ◽  
Trust System ◽  
Dynamic Source

TripRes

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Xu ◽  
Zijie Fang ◽  
Lianyong Qi ◽  
Xuyun Zhang ◽  
Qiang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Discrete Distribution ◽  
Resource Provisioning ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Multimedia Services ◽  
Traffic Flow Prediction ◽  
The City ◽  
Multimedia Surveillance

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) connects vehicles, roadside units (RSUs) and other intelligent objects, enabling data sharing among them, thereby improving the efficiency of urban traffic and safety. Currently, collections of multimedia content, generated by multimedia surveillance equipment, vehicles, and so on, are transmitted to edge servers for implementation, because edge computing is a formidable paradigm for accommodating multimedia services with low-latency resource provisioning. However, the uneven or discrete distribution of the traffic flow covered by edge servers negatively affects the service performance (e.g., overload and underload) of edge servers in multimedia IoV systems. Therefore, how to accurately schedule and dynamically reserve proper numbers of resources for multimedia services in edge servers is still challenging. To address this challenge, a traffic flow prediction driven resource reservation method, called TripRes, is developed in this article. Specifically, the city map is divided into different regions, and the edge servers in a region are treated as a “big edge server” to simplify the complex distribution of edge servers. Then, future traffic flows are predicted using the deep spatiotemporal residual network (ST-ResNet), and future traffic flows are used to estimate the amount of multimedia services each region needs to offload to the edge servers. With the number of services to be offloaded in each region, their offloading destinations are determined through latency-sensitive transmission path selection. Finally, the performance of TripRes is evaluated using real-world big data with over 100M multimedia surveillance records from RSUs in Nanjing China.

Clustering-based Energy Efficient Multipath Adaptive Routing Protocols for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. EC-54-EC-62
Author(s):  
Edy Victor Haryanto ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Adaptive Routing ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

In an underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN), research challenges occur in the availability of new connectivity protocols, sensors, and utilization of energy. One of the issues is to enhance the lifespan of the network without increasing the supply, cost, and level of resources. This paper proposes a conceptual routing protocol for UWSN, known as Energy-Efficient Multipath Adaptive Routing (E2MAR) protocols, which is primarily intended for long-term control with greater energy efficiency and transmission rate. Key development conditions were set by the E2MR and forward nodes are chosen based on the performance index. Different tests are carried out by evaluating E2MR in terms of the number of live nodes, end-to-end latency, packet delivery rate, and maximum energy usage efficiently compared to some other Routing protocols. The lifespan of the network has also been greatly enhanced.

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