scholarly journals Determinants of Time to Treatment Dropout among Tuberculosis Patients in Buno-Bedele and Illu Ababora Zones, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
WOLDEMARIAM GOBENA ◽  
DEREJE ABABU ◽  
AZMERAW GETANEH
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Treatment Dropout ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Parametric Survival

Abstract Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It typically affects the lungs (pulmonary tube) but, can affect other parts of the body as well (extra pulmonary tube). The study was aimed to investigate the determinants of time to drop out of treatment for TB patients. Secondary data was used from 375 TB patients of the selected health stations and hospitals at Buno-Bedele and Illu Aba Bora Zones. The response variable for this study was the survival time (Time to dropout the treatment among TB patients) measured in days and the covariates were gender of the patient, marital status, HIV co-infection, Phase of TB treatment, TB type, TB category, Previous TB history, HIV Co infection, Anemia and Physical inactivity. Descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier Estimation method, Semi-parametric survival models and parametric survival models were used for the analysis of time to TB treatment dropout dataset. From 375 patients who started TB treatments about 24.8% dropout and 75.2% censored at the end of the study and the median survival time of TB patients were 199 days. The Log-rank results showed that marital status, HIV co infection, Diabetic mellitus, Cancer and Anemia cases had significant difference between the survival experience at 5% level of significance, whose different levels have an impact in the survival time of TB patients; whereas Sex, Phase of TB treatment, TB type, TB category, previous TB status, co-morbidity, and physical inactive had not significant difference between the survival experience at 5% level of significance. Finally, the result of Cox-proportion hazard model showed that, age, HIV co-infection and Anemia had a significant effect on tuberculosis patients during the study period.

scholarly journals ANALISIS SINTASAN PARAMETRIK PADA PASIEN STROKE DENGAN PENDEKATAN DISTRIBUSI WEIBULL

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
NI MADE SRI WAHYUNI ◽  
I WAYAN SUMARJAYA ◽  
NI LUH PUTU SUCIPTAWATI
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Weibull Distribution ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Parametric Survival ◽  
Parametric Survival Analysis

Parametric survival analysis is one of the survival analysis that has a distribution of survival data that follows a certain distribution. Weibull distribution is a distribution that is often used in parametric survival analysis. The purpose of this study is to determine parametric survival models using the Weibull distribution and to determine  the factors that can influence the recovery of stroke patients. This study uses data on stroke patients in the Wangaya hospital, Denpasar in 2017. The best model obtained in this study is a model that consists of two predictor variables, namely the age and the body mass index (BMI).Therefore the  factors that can influence the recovery of stroke patients are age and BMI.

scholarly journals Gender-Based Assessment of Haematological Parameters of Obese Individuals in Omisanjana Area of Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 376-380
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu ◽  
Precious Omotunde ◽  
Getrude Uzoma Obeagu ◽  
Richard I. Eze ◽  
Ukamaka Edward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background: Obesity is a serious health problem, it increases heart-related diseases and its prevalence continues to increase due to genetic and lifestyle influences. This study aims to evaluate the hematological parameters of obese individuals based on gender in the Omisanjana region of Ado Ekiti, Ekiti state. Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The research is based on a cross-sectional study of obese and non-obese individuals in hospitals. The study was carried out in the Omisanjana area of ​​Ado Ekiti, Ekiti state. Fifty (50) obese individuals and fifty (50) apparently non-obese individuals were recruited as controls and participated in the study. The data are shown in the table and are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and are analyzed using the Student's t test of the statistical software package for social sciences (SPSS, version 20.0), and the level of significance is established at p≤ 0.05. Results: The results showed no significant difference in PCV (p=0.3783), WBC (p=0.501), LYM (p=0.149), GRAN (p=0.336), MID (p=0.242), ,RBC (p=0.243), HGB (p=0.086), HCT (p=0.323), MCV (p=0.943), MCH p=0.097), MCHC (p=0.922), PLT (p=0.941), when compared between obese individuals and non-obese individuals based on sex respectively. Conclusion: The study showed no statistically significant changes, and it may be because there are no significant changes in the physiological factors and the growth factors of the precursor cells in the bone marrow, so the body mass index (BMI) has no effect on hematological parameters.

scholarly journals Effect of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Perfusion Chemotherapy Combined with Radical Surgery and Capecitabine on Stage III Gallbladder Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sulai Liu ◽  
Zhendong Zhong ◽  
Weimin Yi ◽  
Zhangtao Yu ◽  
Zhihua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallbladder Cancer ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Radical Surgery ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intraperitoneal Perfusion

Purpose. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of hyperthermic intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy (HIPEC) combined with radical surgery and capecitabine on stage III gallbladder cancer. Method. Seventy-eight patients with stage III gallbladder cancer treated in our hospital between December 2015 and April 2019 were retrospectively enrolled. Depending on the treatment approach, the patients were divided into the control group (radical surgery and capecitabine) and the HIPEC group (hyperthermic intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy combined with radical surgery and capecitabine). The patients were followed up by outpatient or through telephone until April 1, 2020. SPSS 19.0 software was applied for data analysis. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and parallel log-rank test. Results. There were 43 cases in the control group and 35 cases in the HIPEC group. There were no significant differences in operation time, lymph node metastasis, microvascular infiltration, and nerve invasion; there was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ). The average hospitalization time of the HIPEC group was 23.0 ± 6.9 days, which was longer than the 20.0 ± 5.8 days of the control group ( P < 0.05 ). The body temperatures of HIPEC group patients at 0 h and 6 h after operation were higher than those of patients in the control group ( P < 0.05 ); however, the body temperature of the two groups gradually became the same at 12–24 h after operation. There was no liver and kidney damage in the two groups after surgery. The platelets in the HIPEC group were less than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). The median survival time of HIPEC was 19.2 months, which was longer than 15.3 months in the control group. The 1-year survival rates of the two groups were 91.43% vs. 76.71%, and the 2-year survival rates were 26.29% vs. 17.53%, respectively ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. HIPEC combined with radical surgery and capecitabine for stage III gallbladder cancer can effectively prolong survival time without increasing surgery-related complications.

scholarly journals Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) Capacity Building and Cassava Farmers Productivity in Anambra State

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Obiadi Adaobi J. ◽  
Nwankwo Frank O. ◽  
Ezeokafor Uche R.
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Building ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
The Body ◽  
Production Model ◽  
P Value ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Descriptive Survey

This study was necessitated as a result of the low productivity of cassava farmers in Anambra State. The study set out to examine the effect of Agricultural Development Program (ADP) capacity building on cassava farmers’ productivity in Anambra State. The work was anchored on Cobb-Douglas production model. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of this study comprised of all the ADP cassava farmers and non-ADP cassava farmers in Otuocha and Onitsha Agricultural Zone. With membership strength of three hundred and sixty (360) ADP Cassava farmers and one hundred and sixty (160) non-ADP cassava farmers, making up a total of five hundred and twenty (520) respondents. Structured and unstructured questionnaires were used for data collection and the analysis was done with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% level of significance. From the analysis showed that there is a significant difference in the output of ADPCFs and non ADPCFs in Anambra State (F =13.209 and p-value < .05). Based on the findings, the study concluded that belonging to ADP was responsible for the differences in output observed in the study. Sequel to this, it was recommended that cassava farmers in the state that are yet to key into ADP needs to do so in order to learn from the various level of capacity development programs organized by the body.

scholarly journals Estimating restricted mean survival time and expected life-years lost in the presence of competing risks within flexible parametric survival models

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarwar I. Mozumder ◽  
Mark J. Rutherford ◽  
Paul C. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Competing Risks ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
Competing Risks Analysis ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Restricted Mean Survival Time ◽  
Life Years Lost ◽  
Parametric Survival

Abstract Background Royston-Parmar flexible parametric survival models (FPMs) can be fitted on either the cause-specific hazards or cumulative incidence scale in the presence of competing risks. An advantage of modelling within this framework for competing risks data is the ease at which alternative predictions to the (cause-specific or subdistribution) hazard ratio can be obtained. Restricted mean survival time (RMST), or restricted mean failure time (RMFT) on the mortality scale, is one such measure. This has an attractive interpretation, especially when the proportionality assumption is violated. Compared to similar measures, fewer assumptions are required and it does not require extrapolation. Furthermore, one can easily obtain the expected number of life-years lost, or gained, due to a particular cause of death, which is a further useful prognostic measure as introduced by Andersen. Methods In the presence of competing risks, prediction of RMFT and the expected life-years lost due to a cause of death are presented using Royston-Parmar FPMs. These can be predicted for a specific covariate pattern to facilitate interpretation in observational studies at the individual level, or at the population-level using standardisation to obtain marginal measures. Predictions are illustrated using English colorectal data and are obtained using the Stata post-estimation command, standsurv. Results Reporting such measures facilitate interpretation of a competing risks analysis, particularly when the proportional hazards assumption is not appropriate. Standardisation provides a useful way to obtain marginal estimates to make absolute comparisons between two covariate groups. Predictions can be made at various time-points and presented visually for each cause of death to better understand the overall impact of different covariate groups. Conclusions We describe estimation of RMFT, and expected life-years lost partitioned by each competing cause of death after fitting a single FPM on either the log-cumulative subdistribution, or cause-specific hazards scale. These can be used to facilitate interpretation of a competing risks analysis when the proportionality assumption is in doubt.

Association between microsatellite regions and reproduction related traits in indigenous chicken ecotypes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Rudresh ◽  
H. N.N. Murthy ◽  
A. M. Kotresh ◽  
V. B. Shettar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
The Body ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance

The present study was carried out in six indigenous ecotypes of two divisions of Karnataka to assess association of twenty microsatellite regions of thirteen chicken autosomes with age, body weight and egg weight at sexual maturity and Forty week egg production. The general molecular technique protocols were adopted wherever required in PCR, electrophoresis, gel staining and reading. The analysis revealed significant difference (p<0.05) among genotypes combined across ecotypes for nineteen microsatellite loci for body weight at sexual maturity. The analysis revealed significant difference (P<0.05) among genotypes combined across ecotypes for eighteen microsatellite loci for EWSM. The posthoc dunnet's test conducted in one of the microsatellite region ADL0020 genotypes after excluding genotypes with only one bird at 0.05 level of significance revealed that a particular genotype A was significantly different from two of the genotypes C and D, indicating the important role of the corresponding alleles of these genotypes in influencing the Body weight at sexual maturity. The validity of using thus identified markers or alleles need further authentication by research in other populations and further proof by expression studies.

Parametric and Non-Parametric Survival Models for “Time to Failure” of Water Pipelines: Case Study

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Asnaashari ◽  
Isam Shahrour ◽  
Bahram Gharabaghi ◽  
Edward McBean
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Failure Process ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Priority List ◽  
Water Pipelines ◽  
Water Mains ◽  
Parametric Survival ◽  
Non Parametric

An application of survival analysis on Iranian water pipelines failure dataset is employed to shed additional light on the pipeline failure process as well as to extract useful information that can be helpful in future asset management planning. Survival analysis characterizes the distribution of the survival time for different groups of pipes, to compare this survival time among different type of materials. A parametric model is developed to simulate time to failure in the pipe network. The model was calibrated on the historical failure data collected over the period 1995 – 2001, and then it was tested using data since 2002. Using both parametric and non-parametric survival models makes it possible to establish a priority list for future water pipelines rehabilitation undertakings in accordance with their material type. Accordingly, it is recommended that implementation of pipeline rehabilitation projects proceeds firstly on metallic water mains, then on plastic water mains, and finally on cement water pipelines.

scholarly journals STATURE PREDICTION OF PUNJAB POPULATION (PAKISTAN) FROM HAND, FOREARM AND FOOT MEASUREMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Asghar ◽  
M Butt ◽  
A Akbar ◽  
H Azam ◽  
I Zahra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Biological Profile ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Hand Length ◽  
Forearm Length

Anthropometry is a systematic study of body measurements in man. Forensic anthropologist tries best to answer the questions relating to age, origin, height, gender, and race after examination of the body remains. The biological profile of a person such as age, sex, ethnicity, and stature can be determined with the help of anthropometry. Results of the study revealed the normal distribution of data and with tests, statistics are found to be significant at p≤0.05 level of significance for all parameters employed in this study. Males have consistently larger values as compared to the female's forearm length, hand length right/left, hand width right/left, foot length right/ left and foot width right/left. Therefore, it is concluded that there is a significant difference between males' and female's character measurements including hand, forearm, and foot.

scholarly journals Estimating restricted mean survival time and expected life-years lost in the presence of competing risks within flexible parametric survival models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarwar Islam Mozumder ◽  
Paul Lambert ◽  
Mark Rutherford
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Competing Risks ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Subdistribution Hazard ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Restricted Mean Survival Time ◽  
Life Years Lost ◽  
Parametric Survival

Abstract We present various measures, specifically the expected life-years list due to a cause of death, that can be predicted for a specific covariate pattern. These can also be summarised at the population-level using standardisation to obtain marginal measures. The restricted mean survival time (RMST) measure can be obtained in the presence of competing risks using Royston-Parmar flexible parametric survival models (FPMs). Royston-Parmar FPMs can be fitted on either the cause-specific hazards or cumulative incidence scale in the presence of competing risks. An advantage of modelling within this framework for competing risks data is the ease at which other alternative predictions to the (cause-specific or subdistribution) hazard ratio can be obtained. The RMST estimate is one such measure. This has an attractive interpretation, especially when the proportionality assumption is violated. In addition to this, compared to similar measures, fewer assumptions are required and it does not require extrapolation. Furthermore, one can easily obtain the expected number of life-years lost, or gained, due to a particular cause of death, which is a further useful prognostic measure. We describe estimation of RMST after fitting a FPM on either the log-cumulative subdistribution, or cause-specific hazards scale. As an illustration of reporting such measures to facilitate interpretation of a competing risks analysis, models are fitted to English colorectal data.

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