scholarly journals Delineation of freshwater zones in the shallow coastal aquifers of Ernakulam-Chettuva region, Central Kerala, India using electrical resistivity methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRIJU C P ◽  
C M Sushanth ◽  
Vipin Balan P
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Shallow Aquifers ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season

Abstract Freshwater zones in the shallow aquifers extending from Ernakulam to Chettuva region, central Kerala coast has been studied using electrical resistivity methods. Seasonal salinity patterns and hydrochemistry in the shallow aquifers in the region also has also been studied. The coastal zone is made up of shore parallel ridges and runnels formed by alternate marine trangressive and regressive events. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) was carried out at 33 locations in the area extending from the beach to approximately up to 10 km from the shoreline. The subsurface lithology and freshwater layers in the aquifer system was delineated from the resistivity model. The saline zones are intervening with fresh water zones at different depths along the coast. The salinity in the aquifer system seems to be either due to brackish water ingress or paleo-salinity. 107 dug wells from the study area were also monitored during 2008–2010 period in pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The water samples collected in the post-monsoon 2008 was analysed for the physico-chemical parameters viz., pH, temperature, EC, total alkalinity, salinity, turbidity, TDS, chloride (Cl−), total hardness, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, CO32−, HCO3−, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−N and Fe2+. The pH of the water samples varied from 4.47–8.32 in the post-monsoon season and 3.5–9.21 in the pre-monsoon and 5.55–9.05 in the monsoon season. The EC values ranges from 58-4500 µ mhos/cm in the post-monsoon, 59-3753 µ mhos/cm in the pre-monsoon and 51-2637 µ mhos/cm in the monsoon season. TDS values ranges from 35-2700 mg/L in the post-monsoon, 38-21190 mg/L in the pre-monsoon and 32-1668 mg/L in the monsoon season. Hill-Piper diagram indicated Ca-HCO3 is the dominant water type followed by Na-Cl type and Na-HCO3 type. Other water types are Ca-Cl, Mg-HCO3, Mg-Cl, Ca-SO4 and MgSO4.

Evaluation of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking purpose in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-559
Author(s):  
S. M. Helal Uddin ◽  
M. G. Mostafa ◽  
A. B. M. H. Haque
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Drinking Water Standard ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Rajshahi City

A study was conducted to evaluate the hydrochemical processes controlling the water quality variations and to determine the water type of groundwater in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh, for drinking purposes. A total of 120 shallow and deep tubewell water samples were collected in pre- and post-monsoon seasons during the year 2008–2009 and analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters. The results of the analyses show that water samples were slightly alkaline to neutral pH. The average concentrations of Pb in all samples for the post-monsoon season were above the WHO's guideline for drinking water. For both seasons, arsenic levels exceeded the drinking water standard in 25% of groundwater samples and lead (Pb) levels exceeded in about 60% samples which contained elevated levels (>0.01 mg/L). The major cationic and anionic orders of dominance were unusual, being Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K2 > Fe3+ > Pb2+ > Zn2+ > Cu2+ > As (total) > Cd2+ and HCO3− > Cl−> SO42− > NO3−, respectively. The study reveals that the water type of the groundwater was calcium bicarbonate (Ca-HCO3). Thus overall results suggest that groundwater quality of the study area was not suitable for drinking purposes without treatment especially for Pb and As.

scholarly journals Variation in Primary Production in Relation to Physico-Chemical Parameters of Kadwai Reservoir, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India.

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Rathod ◽  
Balasaheb R. Chavan ◽  
Raghuvendra Pai
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Post Monsoon Season

The present study has been carried out to study the status of primary productivity in relation to physiochemical parameters of the Kadwai reservoir of Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra. The primary productivity was determined by estimating gross and net primary productivity. The experiment was conducted during the monsoon and post monsoon seasons from 1st June to 30th Nov 2015 to know the effect of organic run off on primary production of Kadwai reservoir. The physiochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, total alkalinity and transparency ranged from 27oC-30.5oC, 7.5-8.6, 3.2-7.0 mg/l, 46-75 mg/l, 56-95 mg/l, and 118-130 cm, respectively. The gross primary productivity (GPP) during monsoon was 0.07-0.11 gC/m3/hr in June, July and August 2015, respectively, which was very low, whereas GPP were increased during post monsoon season. The values were recorded as 0.12-0.48 gC/m3/hr in the months of September, October, and November 2015, respectively. The results indicated that during monsoon season, organic load is coming along with water in to the reservoir, but phytoplankton growth is minimum due to the heavy rain and flushing rate were high from the downstream of the reservoir. During post monsoon, primary productivity was increased. The results indicate that Kadwai reservoir is more productive during post monsoon season suitable for stocking fish seed.

scholarly journals Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Metal Concentration in the Water Column of Asia’s Largest Coastal Lagoon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Hilal Farooq ◽  
Amrit Kumar Mishra ◽  
Sandip Kumar Muhakud ◽  
Prasannajit Acharya ◽  
Pradipta Ranjan Muduli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Chilika Lagoon ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mean Concentration

A complete halt on all anthropogenic activities and human movement due to COVID-19 lockdown has provided a great opportunity to assess the impact of human activities on coastal marine ecosystems. The current study assessed the concentration of the metals in water samples of the largest brackish water lagoon of Asia; the Chilika lagoon in the state of Odisha, India between pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 lockdown scenarios. Monthly water samples (n=30 stations) from 0.3 m depth were collected from three sectors of the lagoon seasonally; pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon. In addition to various physical parameters [pH, salinity, alkalinity, (DO) dissolved oxygen, (TDS) total dissolved solids, and (EC) electrical conductivity] the collected water samples were analysed for 18 trace metals (Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr, Th, Tl, U, V). Most of the physical parameters showed a significant variation between pre-and post-COVID-19 scenarios, except for pH and DO. The concentration of five metals (Be, Cd, Co, Ni, and Pb) remained below detection limits in all water samples. The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the concentration of the metal in the water samples was noticed along with the three sectors of the lagoon. However, eight metals (Al, As, Cr, Fe, Mn, Th, U, and V) were significantly different between the COVID-19 scenarios and the remaining five metals were not statistically significant. The mean concentration of Al, As, Fe, Th, and V were higher in the pre-COVID-19 scenarios, whereas only Cr and Mn were higher in the post-COVID-19 scenarios. The mean concentration of U was similar among both COVID-19 scenarios, even though there were seasonal and sectoral differences. The seasonal influence of riverine influx was more evident on metal concentration during the monsoon season, whereas the difference between sectors was more prominent during the post-monsoon season. An increased number of correlations between physical parameters and metal concentration were observed in the post-monsoon season and post-COVID-19 scenario. This study provides evidence that the imposition of COVID-19 lockdown reduced metal influx in the water column and improved the water quality of the Chilika lagoon. Our results can be used as baseline for metal concentration in surface waters of the lagoon.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation of Arsenic Concentration in Ground Water of Nawalparasi District of Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajib Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Dipak Regmi ◽  
Bhim P. Kafle
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Arsenic Contamination ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Very High

Ground water of southern part of Nepal, also known as Terai region where population density is relatively very high, has been contaminated with poisonous element Arsenic. This study has been carried out to determine variability of the level of arsenic contamination in groundwater with seasons of Pathkhauli village of Devgaun VDC and Mahuwa village of Manari VDC in Nawalparasi district, the western Terai district. Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (HG-AAS) and UV-visible Spectrophotometry was used for analysis. Total 55 groundwater samples in post-monsoon season and 45 groundwater samples in pre-monsoon season were collected. The level of arsenic contamination in groundwater was found above the Nepal interim standard of 50 ppb. Of the total 42 water samples from each pre- and post- monsoon seasons analyzed, 28 water samples (67.67%) showed higher As-concentration in pre-monsoon season. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i1.9477   Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 2(1): 59-63 

scholarly journals Application of Water Quality Index (WQI) For Ground Water Quality Interpretation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1862-1866
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Water Quality Index (WQI) is a widely used technique in defining the quality of groundwater and finding whether it is advisable for human use. It is utmost necessary steps to understand the physical and chemical parameters defining the water quality for particular period and location using WQI calculation as it gives information in a single value. WQI has been calculated in twenty ground water samples collected from selected sampling stations at Madurai in the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon seasons. The water quality index values suggested that almost all the ground water samples were above 150, which indicated that they were unfit for drinking and one sample from Vilangudi had WQI less than 100 which indicated the water as poor category for drinking but could be used for irrigation purposes. The groundwater quality is also defined to be little better during post monsoon season in all the samples than during pre-monsoon and monsoon season.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical characterisation and appraisal of groundwater suitability for domestic and irrigational purposes in a semi-arid region, Karnataka state, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Mohammed-Aslam ◽  
Syed Shams Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Salinity Hazard ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Karnataka State ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Semi Arid Region

AbstractHydrogeochemical investigations have been carried out in a semi-arid region of Aland taluk of Karnataka State, India. The analysis has been done to examine the quality of groundwater for drinking, domestic and irrigational purposes. In this concern, thirty-two groundwater samples were collected in pre-monsoon (April 2016) and post-monsoon season (November 2016), from the different location within the study area. These samples have been further analysed for different ions such as CO32−, HCO3−, NO3−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ Fe2+, SO42−, Clˉ and F− to evaluate the hydrochemical behaviour with SSP (sodium soluble percentage), SAR (sodium absorption ratio), % Na (percentage sodium), RSC (residual sodium carbonate), KR (Kelly’s ratio), PI (permeability index) and MH (magnesium hazards). These positive and negative ions have been further correlated with the maximum annual rainfall within the study area to find out the variations between these ions for the precipitation. Suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes around the catchment was not suitable except in a few places. Irrigational suitability of groundwater showed that the water is within the limit for irrigation except in a few locations. Wilcox diagram depicts that 90% of the pre-monsoon samples and 65% of the post-monsoon samples fell into excellent to good category zone. US salinity diagram explains that 71% of pre-monsoon samples belong to medium-salinity-hazard to low-sodium-content zones, whereas 50% of post-monsoon samples fall into high-salinity-hazard to low-sodium-content zone. Gibbs’s plot showed that the water–rock processes control the geochemistry of the Aland region in both monsoon seasons. Chadha’s diagram depicts that 56.25% of the groundwater samples fall under the subfield of Ca2+–Mg2+–Cl− water type with permanent hardness during pre-monsoon season, whereas 50% of groundwater samples falls under the subfield of Ca2+–Mg2+–HCO3− water type with temporary hardness during post-monsoon season.

scholarly journals A Research on Pre-Monsoon and Post-Monsoon Physico-Chemical Parameters of Groundwater of Velliangadu Village, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S2) ◽  
pp. 394-396
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Physico Chemical

Groundwater quality plays an important role in conservation of water resources not only for the present generation but also for the future generation. Each and every harvest season witness excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers in the agricultural fields. During a monsoon season these potential hazards leaches into the soil and mixes with the groundwater. This paper aimed at studying the Physico – chemical parameters of pre- and post-monsoon groundwater quality of Velliangadu Village of Coimbatore district in the state of Tamil Nadu to reveal the water quality parameters before and after a monsoon season. The Physico-chemical parameters considered for drinking water like pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, total hardness, dissolved oxygen, chlorides etc. were analysed for pre-monsoon and postmonsoon groundwater samples collected from different areas and compared.

Surface Water Quality in the Forest Catchment – A Case Study of Tunga and Bhadra River Stretches, Karnataka

2020 ◽  
pp. 228-235
Author(s):  
Santhosh Kumar T. M1 ◽  
K. L Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season

A need of water quality assessment of the rivers before enters into the human induced habitations play a vital role in maintenance of ecological balance. The surface water samples were randomly collected from the Tunga and Bhadra reservoirs situated in the downstream catchments of Western Ghats with semi-evergreen and mixed deciduous forests during January 2018 to December 2019. The samples were analyzed as per the Standard Methods prescribed for drinking water analysis. Increased trend of pH in Pre-monsoon and decreased trend in post monsoon season was observed and the mean concentrations of pH was ranged between 7.30 and 8.02. Electrical Conductivity values were found to be <143µS/cm and indicated that the water is suitable for irrigation and drinking purposes. The Total Dissolved Solids and Total Hardness values were indicated as soft water as values are <75 mg/L. A significant relation was noticed between Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand during Post monsoon season. Whereas, no relationship was existing with water quality parameters in Tunga River and Bhadra reservoirs during monsoon (2019) wherein highest floods were received in this season. An insignificant pollution load was observed as the water flows through forest areas and no relationship exists between past mining activities in the Bhadra river catchment, sedimentation of reservoir and water quality. However, it is suggested to control of alterations in land use / land cover, use of fertilizer and pesticides, mono culture plantations and developmental activities to maintain the water quality in the study area to meet the domestic demands in the downstream.

Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Water Quality Parameters in Ramsar Site-Kolleru Lake

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Shivakrishna ◽  
Karankumar Ramteke ◽  
M Dhanya ◽  
R Charitha ◽  
Sahina Aktar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Kolleru lake is one of Asia’s largest freshwater lakes, which has undergone tremendous changes in the water quality due to the sewage, pollution and development of aquaculture in its surrounding area. This study is undertaken to evaluate the present water quality scenario existing in Kolleru lake, which has been affected seriously due to the anthropogenic disturbances since long. Water samples were collected from ten sampling locations within the lake during pre and post-monsoon seasons of 2017-18. A total of 11 water quality parameters were analysed such as pH, temperature, EC, TDS, TSS, total alkalinity, total hardness, dissolved oxygen, salinity, COD, and nitrates. Parameters were estimated by using a standard protocol of APHA 2012. The spatial distribution maps of water quality were generated from pre and post monsoon data using Arc GIS software. Spatio-temporal variation of all parameters indicated that the water quality found was unsatisfactory within the Kolleru lake. The present study shows the better water quality in the post-monsoon season. The Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation spatial mapping was also used for water quality mapping to observe the environmental variation for protecting the important freshwater ecosystem-Kolleru lake. The outcome of GIS analysis demonstrated the spatial visualization of the lodging evolution and geographical distribution trends of water quality parameters within the study area.

High Altitude Lake and Hydrochemistry: A Study of Lam Dal and Six Consecutive Lakes of Dhauladhar, Himachal Himalaya, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-70
Author(s):  
Riju ◽  
Harminder Pal Singh ◽  
Anurag Linda
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
High Altitude Lakes ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Tracer Techniques ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Facies ◽  
High Altitude Lake

Increased human influence has warmed the atmosphere, ocean and land thereby resulting in widespread and rapid changes in the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere and biosphere (IPCC, 2021). High altitude lakes are generally small and quite sensitive to natural and anthropogenic perturbations. The present work is a preliminary work to investigate different hydro chemical processes and factors that controls the geochemistry of a high altitude lake, Lam Lake (dal) and its consecutive six lakes flowing through the Chamba district, Himachal Pradesh. Two hundred and eighty (n=280) water samples were collected in the year 2017 during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season. The anion concentration for all the seven lakes followed the trend HCO3- > NO3- > Cl- > SO42- > PO43- whereas the order of cation concentrations was Ca2+> Mg2+> Na+> K+ for both the seasons. Less EC of the water samples shows its serene nature. Components of bicarbonate (HCO3-) were found to be the major anion whereas calcium (Ca2+) was found to be the major cation present in the lakes. Piper Plot and Durov plot indicated Ca2+ – HCO3- as the major hydrogeochemical facies with comparatively less contribution from Mg2+–HCO3- type. The dominance of Ca2+ – HCO3- over Mg2+– HCO3- reflects the possibility of the natural order of dominance in the geology of the catchment area. The low Na+ + K+/TZ+ (total cations) ratios and the high Ca2+ + Mg2+/TZ+ (total cations) and (Ca2+ + Mg2+)/(Na+ + K+) ratios showed dominance of carbonate weathering. The average carbon ratios during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon were found to be 0.97 and 0.98, respectively, suggesting that proton is primarily derived from the oxidation of sulphide involving carbonate dissolution. The baseline data generated for a high-altitude lake shows that weathering and erosion during monsoonal precipitation and snow melt runoff during ablation season are the main sources of the chemical composition of lake water. Further to trace the imprints of climate change and seasonal variations in the high-altitude lakes, long term monitoring is recommended along with isotopic tracer techniques.

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