scholarly journals Ecological and hydrological considerations for climber weed control in freshwater forested wetland restoration project on the Gulf of Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Aguirre Franco ◽  
Patricia Moreno-Casasola ◽  
Roberto Lindig Cisneros ◽  
Diego Pérez-Salicrup
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Freshwater Wetland ◽  
Forested Wetland ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Restoration Success ◽  
Flood Level ◽  
Shoot Production

Abstract Two herbaceous Ipomoea climbers grow over trees planted to restore a freshwater forested wetland in the Gulf of Mexico, causing high tree mortality and limiting restoration success. To better control these species, we evaluated their potential for biomass accumulation and regeneration following removal. We simulated the tree-climber relationship in a field experiment by varying light conditions and trellis availability, and by cutting aerial biomass. We also considered the spatial variability of the wetland’s flood level. Ipomoea tiliacea accumulated more biomass at low flood levels, while Ipomoea indica accumulated more biomass at higher flood levels. Despite this, I. tiliacea accumulated more biomass over the entire flood level gradient and the highest flood levels seem to prevent regeneration in both species. There was no vine seed germination, so for both species, regeneration relied on shoot production. I. tiliacea increased its growth more than I. indica when trellises were available, even under shade. It means that that restoration conditions favor I. tiliacea, which makes its management specially challenging. We recommend characterizing hydrology of the site under restoration to design more effective Ipomoea control strategies. Future efforts to restore this forested freshwater wetland should select areas with the highest flood levels, where I. tiliacea growth is limited, ensuring that the trees to be planted can withstand the flood levels. Removal should be avoided during the dry season, when low flood levels favor regeneration in both species.

HARVESTING IN A STAGE-STRUCTURED POPULATION WITH APPLICATIONS TO THE RED SNAPPER IN THE GULF OF MEXICO

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350009
Author(s):  
CASSANDRA STURGILL ◽  
SANDRA L. DIAMOND ◽  
SOPHIA R.-J. JANG
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Red Snapper ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Stock Size ◽  
Structured Population Models ◽  
Deterministic Systems ◽  
Structured Population ◽  
Ocean Environment

We propose deterministic discrete-time, discrete stage-structured population models with harvesting to investigate population persistence and extinction. The mathematical analysis is centered around the inherent net reproductive number of the population. We apply data of the red snapper in the Gulf of Mexico to simulate the models. We use the models to test for a hypothesis proposed by marine biologists by adding a stochastic component to the deterministic systems that simulating pulses of early juveniles from other populations. We conclude that although pulses of early juveniles from other populations can contribute to the stock size of the early juveniles in the Gulf of Mexico, this contribution is insignificant for the adult population. Therefore, the population may still be in danger of extinction since the ocean environment is unpredictable. Other control strategies are needed in order for the population to be harvested annually.

scholarly journals Changes in mangrove tree mortality, forest canopy, and aboveground biomass accumulation rates following the 2017 hurricane season in Puerto Rico and the role of urbanization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Branoff
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Mangrove Tree ◽  
Hurricane Season

AbstractMangrove ecosystem responses to tropical cyclones have been well documented over the last half a century, resulting in repeated measures of tree mortality, aboveground biomass reduction, and recovery by species, size, and geomorphology. However, no studies have investigated the role of urbanization in mangrove hurricane resistance and resilience, despite increasing urbanization of tropical shorelines. This study gauges the initial response and short-term recovery of Puerto Rico’s mangroves along well defined and quantified urban gradients following the 2017 hurricane season. Survival probability of tagged trees decreased with time, and the mean mortality across all sites was 22% after eleven months. Mean canopy closure loss was 51% one month after the hurricanes, and closure rates also decreased with time following the storms. Aboveground biomass accumulation decreased by 3.5 kg yr-1per tree, corresponding to a reduction of 4.5 Mg ha-1yr-1at the stand level. One year later, the mangroves have recovered to 72% canopy closure and to nearly 60% of their pre-storm growth rates. No connection to urbanization could be detected in the measured dynamics. Instead, species, size and geomorphology were found to play a role. Larger trees suffered 25% more mortality than smaller size classes, andLaguncularia racemosasuffered 11% less mortality than other species. Hydro-geomorphology was also found to play a role, with forests in tidally restricted canals experiencing more canopy loss but faster recovery than open embayment systems. These findings suggest size, species, and geomorphology are important in mangrove resistance and resilience to tropical storms, and that urbanization does not play a role. Managing mangrove ecosystems for optimal shoreline protection will depend upon knowing which forests are at greatest risk in a future of increasing urbanization.

The production of flowers, fruit and leafy shoots in pruned macadamia trees

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Olesen ◽  
David Huett ◽  
Glenn Smith
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
High Light ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Macadamia Integrifolia ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Leafy Shoots ◽  
Different Parts

For Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche var. 849, we compared four limb removal strategies of varying style and severity over 4 years, in terms of effects on yield, on the distribution of light, and new vegetative shoots, racemes and fruit within the canopy. Limb removal reduced yields. The reduction corresponded with the severity of pruning, not with the style of pruning. Limb removal had little impact in the medium term on light penetration to the orchard floor. Within the canopy, shoot production and raceme production were inversely related. Shoot production was favoured by high light conditions; raceme production occurred predominantly in areas of heavy shade, with 49% of racemes produced at canopy locations receiving less than 2% full daylight, and 94% produced at locations receiving less than 16% full daylight. Most flowering appeared to occur on wood more than 3 years old. The capacity of different parts of the canopy to support fruit set and retention increased with proximity to the more irradiated parts of the canopy, but fruit production was still high deep within the lower part of the canopy, with 50% of fruit produced at canopy locations receiving less than 2% full daylight, and 90% produced at locations receiving less than 16% full daylight.

scholarly journals Saltwater reduces CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> production in organic soils from a coastal freshwater forested wetland

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevan J. Minick ◽  
Bhaskar Mitra ◽  
Asko Noormets ◽  
John S. King
Keyword(s):  
Saltwater Intrusion ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Forested Wetlands ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Freshwater Wetlands ◽  
Freshwater Wetland ◽  
Forested Wetland ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Ch4 Production

Abstract. A major concern for coastal freshwater wetland function and health is saltwater intrusion and the potential impacts on greenhouse gas production. Coastal freshwater wetlands are likely to experience increased hydroperiod with rising sea level, as well as saltwater intrusion. These potential changes to wetland hydrology may also alter forest structure and lead to a transition from forest to shrub/marsh wetland ecosystems. Loss of forested wetlands is already evident by dying trees and dead standing trees ("ghost" forests) along the Atlantic Coast of the US, which will result in significant alterations to plant carbon (C) inputs, particularly that of coarse woody debris, to soils. We investigated the effects of salinity and wood C inputs on soils collected from a coastal freshwater forested wetland in North Carolina, USA, and incubated in the laboratory with either freshwater or saltwater (2.5 or 5.0 ppt) and with or without the additions of wood. Saltwater additions at 2.5 ppt and 5.0  ppt reduced CO2 production by 41 and 37 %, respectively, compared to freshwater. Methane production was reduced by 98 % (wood-free incubations) and by 75–87 % (wood-amended incubations) in saltwater treatments compared to the freshwater treatment. Additions of wood resulted in lower CH4 production from the freshwater treatment and higher CH4 production from saltwater treatments compared to wood-free incubations. The δ13CH4-C isotopic signature indicated that in wood-free incubations, CH4 produced from the freshwater treatment was from the acetoclastic pathway, while CH4 produced from the saltwater treatments was more likely from the hydrogenotrophic pathway. These results suggest that saltwater intrusion into subtropical coastal freshwater forested wetlands will reduce CH4 fluxes, but long-term changes in C dynamics will likely depend on how changes in wetland vegetation and microbial function influences C inputs to the soil.

Comparison of Growth of Seedlings and Plants Grown from Root Pieces of Yellow Toadflax (Linaria vulgaris)

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léonie B. Nadeau ◽  
Jane R. King ◽  
K. Neil Harker
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Yellow Toadflax ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Different growth rates of young seedlings (genets) and plants grown from root pieces (ramets) of yellow toadflax could influence their respective competitive ability and their susceptibility to management techniques. Shoot production was similar for genets and ramets (approximately 10 shoots were produced 12 or 13 wk after transplanting or cotyledon appearance, respectively), but the rate of shoot biomass accumulation was higher for genets than for ramets. Genets consistently produced more underground shoots than ramets. Replanted underground shoots separated from their roots were able to produce new shoots and roots. Rate of elongation for roots 0.5 to 1.5 mm in diameter was higher for ramets than for genets, but their shoot production potential was the same. Root pieces from genets did not have the ability to produce daughter shoots until 3 wk after cotyledon appearance. This indicates that very young genets would be more susceptible than older genets or ramets to management control systems.

Morpho-physiological responses in Cedrela fissilis Vell. submitted to changes in natural light conditions: implications for biomass accumulation

Trees ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Sanches ◽  
Juliana Marzinek ◽  
Natália G. Bragiola ◽  
André R. Terra Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Light Conditions

scholarly journals First Record of Invasive Mosquito Aedes albopictus in Tabasco and Yucatan, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo I. Ortega-Morales ◽  
Guillermo Bond ◽  
Ramón Méndez-López ◽  
Javier A. Garza-Hernández ◽  
Luis M. Hernández-Triana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
First Record ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
The State ◽  
Quintana Roo ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Invasive Mosquito ◽  
Northeastern Mexico

ABSTRACT The invasive mosquito Aedes albopictus is currently distributed in most of the southern Mexican region. Since the species was first recorded in the state of Tamaulipas, in northeastern Mexico in 1988, it has expanded its distribution throughout the Sierra Madre Oriental and Gulf of Mexico to the Neotropical region of the country. Currently the species occurs in the states of Tamaulipas, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Veracruz, Chiapas, Morelos, Quintana Roo, Sinaloa, San Luis Potosi, and Hidalgo. This is the first report of the mosquito in the states of Tabasco and Yucatan and the confirmation of its presence in Quintana Roo state. Aedes albopictus has been incriminated as a secondary vector of diseases such as those caused by dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, which have caused epidemic outbreaks in most tropical and subtropical regions of Mexico; therefore, surveillance for the detection of Ae. albopictus is paramount so that targeted control strategies can be implemented for its control throughout Mexico.

scholarly journals Hybrid tea-roses under controlled light conditions. 3. Flower and blind shoot production in the glasshouse of seedlings selected for flowering or flower bud abortion at low irradiances in a growth room.

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-404
Author(s):  
D.P. de Vries ◽  
L.A.M. Dubois ◽  
L. Smeets
Keyword(s):  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Flower Bud Abortion ◽  
Made In

Seedlings of hybrid tea roses, previously selected in a growth room for flowering or flower bud abortion at low light intensities were grown in a greenhouse for periods of at least 14 months. Previously flowering seedlings whether grown on their own roots or on a rootstock yielded more flowers, particularly in winter, than previously aborting ones. This was due to a lower percentage of blind shoots and a tendency to produce more shoots. It was shown that selection for better winter performance under glass could be made in young seedlings. [For part 2 see HcA 48, 7528.] (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Towards best-practice management of mistletoes in horticulture

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 489-498
Author(s):  
David M. Watson ◽  
Melinda Cook ◽  
Rodrigo F. Fadini
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
Mortality Cost ◽  
Horticultural Pest ◽  
Ornamental Trees ◽  
Host Parasite

Mistletoe is increasingly being reported as a horticultural pest, infecting many species grown commercially for fruit, nuts, and other food products. Unlike mistletoe impacts on forestry, the published research on mistletoe in horticulture is scant, with management guidelines reliant on anecdotes, un-replicated trials on unrelated species, and often in different countries and growing systems. We have integrated the existing work to summarize information on the most effective control strategies for mistletoe in horticulture, and call attention to the paucity of empirical research. Despite grower interest in growth regulators and herbicides, limited trials suggest chemical treatment of mistletoe is ineffective, consistent with findings from forestry and ornamental trees. Although labour-intensive, ongoing mechanical removal is the most effective strategy to minimize mistletoe impacts but, without information available on effects of mistletoe infection on yield or tree mortality, cost-effectiveness calculations are not possible. Given the range of herbivores that consume mistletoe tissues, biological control may be useful, both to prevent initial infection and also reduce impacts on infected hosts in commercial plantations. To catalyse more research on mistletoes in horticulture, we articulate six priorities for further work, emphasizing the utility of tree crops as model systems to address questions regarding mistletoe ecology and host-parasite dynamics more broadly.

scholarly journals Saltwater reduces potential CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> production in peat soils from a coastal freshwater forested wetland

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4671-4686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevan J. Minick ◽  
Bhaskar Mitra ◽  
Asko Noormets ◽  
John S. King
Keyword(s):  
Saltwater Intrusion ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Forested Wetlands ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Freshwater Wetland ◽  
Forested Wetland ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Ch4 Production

Abstract. A major concern for coastal freshwater wetland function and health is the effects of saltwater intrusion on greenhouse gas production from peat soils. Coastal freshwater forested wetlands are likely to experience increased hydroperiod with rising sea level, as well as saltwater intrusion. These potential changes to wetland hydrology may also alter forested wetland structure and lead to a transition from forest to shrub/marsh wetland ecosystems. Loss of forested wetlands is already evident by dying trees and dead standing trees (“ghost” forests) along the Atlantic coast of the US, which will result in significant alterations to plant carbon (C) inputs, particularly that of coarse woody debris, to soils. We investigated the effects of salinity and wood C inputs on soils collected from a coastal freshwater forested wetland in North Carolina, USA, and incubated in the laboratory with either freshwater or saltwater (2.5 or 5.0 ppt) and with or without the additions of wood. Saltwater additions at 2.5 and 5.0 ppt reduced CO2 production by 41 % and 37 %, respectively, compared to freshwater. Methane production was reduced by 98 % (wood-free incubations) and by 75 %–87 % (wood-amended incubations) in saltwater treatments compared to the freshwater plus wood treatment. Additions of wood also resulted in lower CH4 production from the freshwater treatment and higher CH4 production from saltwater treatments compared to wood-free incubations. The δ13CH4-C isotopic signature suggested that, in wood-free incubations, CH4 produced from the freshwater treatment originated primarily from the acetoclastic pathway, while CH4 produced from the saltwater treatments originated primarily from the hydrogenotrophic pathway. These results suggest that saltwater intrusion into coastal freshwater forested wetlands will reduce CH4 production, but long-term changes in C dynamics will likely depend on how changes in wetland vegetation and microbial function influence C cycling in peat soils.

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