scholarly journals A novel nanoemulsion based microalgal growth medium for enhanced biomass production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshita Nigam ◽  
Anushree Malik ◽  
Vikram Singh
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Microalgae are well-established feedstocks for applications ranging from biofuels to valuable pigments and therapeutic proteins. However, the low biomass productivity using commercially available growth mediums is a roadblock for its mass production. This work describes a strategy to boost the algal biomass productivity by using an effective CO 2 supplement.Results: In the present study, a novel nanoemulsion-based media has been tested for the growth of freshwater microalgae strain Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Two different nanoemulsion-based media were developed using 1% silicone oil nanoemulsion (1% SE) and 1% paraffin oil nanoemulsion (1% PE) supplemented in BG11 media During 12-day growth experiment, the 1% PE gave the highest biomass yield (3.2± 0.07gL -1 ), followed by 1%SE (2.75 ± 0.07 gL -1 ) and control (1.03±0.02 gL -1 ). The respective microalgal cell number measured using cell counter were (3.0 ± 0.21 x 10 6 cells ml -1 ), (2.4 ± 0.30 x 10 6 cells ml -1 ) and (1.34 ± 0.09 x 10 6 cells ml -1 ). Cell viability analysis using MTT assay showed that 1% PE also had higher viable cells (94%) compared to 1% SE (77%) and control (53%). The effective CO 2 absorption tendency of the emulsion was highlighted as the key mechanism for greater biomass production. On the biochemical characterization of the produced biomass, it was found that the nanoemulsion cultivated C. pyrenoidosa had increased lipid (1% PE=26.8%, 1% SE=23.6%) and carbohydrates (1% PE=17.2%, 1% SE=18.9%) content compared to the control (lipid=18.05%, carbohydrates=13.6%).Conclusions: This study provides a novel nanoemulsion which acts as an effective CO 2 supplement for microalgal growth media which increase the growth of microalgal cells. Importantly, nanoemulsions cultivated microalgal biomass possess increment in lipid and carbohydrate content. This approach also provides high microalgal biomass productivity without alteration of morphological characteristics like cell shape and cell size.

scholarly journals A novel nanoemulsion based microalgal growth medium for enhanced biomass production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshita Nigam ◽  
Anushree Malik ◽  
Vikram Singh
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Microalgae are well-established feedstocks for applications ranging from biofuels to valuable pigments and therapeutic proteins. However, the low biomass productivity using commercially available growth mediums is a roadblock for its mass production. This work describes a strategy to boost algal biomass productivity by using an effective CO2 supplement.Results: In the present study, a novel nanoemulsion-based media has been tested for the growth of freshwater microalgae strain Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Two different nanoemulsion-based media were developed using 1% silicone oil nanoemulsion (1% SE) and 1% paraffin oil nanoemulsion (1% PE) supplemented in Blue-green 11 media (BG11). After 12 days of cultivation, biomass yield was found highest in 1% PE followed by 1% SE and control i.e, 3.20, 2.75, and 1.03 g L-1, respectively. The chlorophyll-a synthesis was improved by 76% in 1% SE and 53% in 1% PE compared with control. The respective microalgal cell numbers for 1% PE, 1% SE and control measured using the cell counter were 3.00 × 106, 2.40 × 106, and 1.34 × 106 cells mL-1. The effective CO2 absorption tendency of the emulsion was highlighted as the key mechanism for enhanced algal growth and biomass production. On the biochemical characterization of the produced biomass, it was found that the nanoemulsion cultivated C. pyrenoidosa had increased lipid (1% PE =26.80%, 1% SE =23.60%) and carbohydrates (1% PE =17.20%, 1% SE =18.90%) content compared to the control (lipid =18.05%, carbohydrates =13.60%).Conclusions: This study describes a novel nanoemulsion which potentially acts as an effective CO2 supplement for microalgal growth media thereby increasing the growth of microalgal cells. Further, nanoemulsions cultivated microalgal biomass depict an increase in lipid and carbohydrate content. The approach provides high microalgal biomass productivity without altering morphological characteristics like cell shape and size as revealed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) images.

scholarly journals A novel nanoemulsion-based microalgal growth medium for enhanced biomass production

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshita Nigam ◽  
Anushree Malik ◽  
Vikram Singh
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Microalgae are well-established feedstocks for applications ranging from biofuels to valuable pigments and therapeutic proteins. However, the low biomass productivity using commercially available growth mediums is a roadblock for its mass production. This work describes a strategy to boost algal biomass productivity by using an effective CO2 supplement. Results In the present study, a novel nanoemulsion-based media has been tested for the growth of freshwater microalgae strain Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Two different nanoemulsion-based media were developed using 1% silicone oil nanoemulsion (1% SE) and 1% paraffin oil nanoemulsion (1% PE) supplemented in Blue-green 11 media (BG11). After 12 days of cultivation, biomass yield was found highest in 1% PE followed by 1% SE and control, i.e., 3.20, 2.75, and 1.03 g L−1, respectively. The chlorophyll-a synthesis was improved by 76% in 1% SE and 53% in 1% PE compared with control. The respective microalgal cell numbers for 1% PE, 1% SE and control measured using the cell counter were 3.00 × 106, 2.40 × 106, and 1.34 × 106 cells mL−1. The effective CO2 absorption tendency of the emulsion was highlighted as the key mechanism for enhanced algal growth and biomass production. On the biochemical characterization of the produced biomass, it was found that the nanoemulsion-cultivated C. pyrenoidosa had increased lipid (1% PE = 26.80%, 1% SE = 23.60%) and carbohydrates (1% PE = 17.20%, 1% SE = 18.90%) content compared to the control (lipid = 18.05%, carbohydrates = 13.60%). Conclusions This study describes a novel nanoemulsion which potentially acts as an effective CO2 supplement for microalgal growth media thereby increasing the growth of microalgal cells. Further, nanoemulsion-cultivated microalgal biomass depicts an increase in lipid and carbohydrate content. The approach provides high microalgal biomass productivity without altering morphological characteristics like cell shape and size as revealed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images. Graphical abstract

Optimization of Various Growth Media to Freshwater Microalgae for Biomass Production

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 540-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ilavarasi ◽  
D. Mubarakali ◽  
R. Praveenkum ◽  
E. Baldev ◽  
N. Thajuddin
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae

Growth Media Affects Microalgae Susceptibility to Disruption by Low-Frequency Power Ultrasound

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory Klinger ◽  
Temesgen Garoma
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ultrasound Treatment ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Power Ultrasound ◽  
Low Frequency Power

The effect of microalgae growth medium on power ultrasound treatment of microalgal biomass was investigated. Chlorella vulgaris was grown in Bold's basal medium (BBM), Bristol's medium, sueoka medium, and MiracleGro All Purpose Water Soluble Plant Food. These media showed statistically indistinguishable intrinsic growth rates, averaging 0.052/day. Power ultrasound treatment was applied at 9.5 W for 5 min. MiracleGro showed chemical oxygen demand (COD) solvation post-sonication of 66%, twice that of other growth media per cell ruptured; which was unexpected based on observed consistent biomass quality. Media differences do not appear to have an effect on ultrasound power transfer; thus, C. vulgaris grown in MiracleGro medium has a decreased strength in terms of resistance to rupture by ultrasound. These results suggest that while biomass productivity and composition are important for the efficiency of extraction, media effects on the susceptibility of cells to pretreatment should not be ignored in overall process design.

scholarly journals Evaluating the sustainability of waste substrates for microalgal biomass production using different modes of cultivation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Prathana Ramsundar
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Cultivation Strategy ◽  
Production Strategy ◽  
Pre Treatment

The utilization of wastewater as a substrate for microalgal biomass cultivation is one of the few potentially viable routes for fuel and feed applications. In this study, the suitability of various liquid wastewater streams and waste biosolids from a domestic wastewater treatment plant was assessed for microalgal cultivation. The wastewater substrates were analyzed for nutrient content as a potential growth medium. For liquid waste substrates, physical, thermal and biological pre-treatment methods were evaluated to minimize the bacterial load. Biomass, physiology, nutrient removal efficiencies and biochemical constituents of Chlorella sorokiniana were investigated in influent (INF) and anaerobic tank centrate (AC) under mixotrophic (Mixo) and heterotrophic (Hetero) cultivation modes. Mixotrophic cultivation conditions demonstrated efficient ammonium (94.29%) and phosphate (83.30%) removal with promising biomass (77.14 mgL-1d-1), lipid (24.91 mgL-1d-1), protein (22.36 mgL-1d-1) and carbohydrate (20.10 mgL-1d-1) productivities. Urea supplementation (1500 mgL-1) further enhanced biomass (162.50 mgL-1d-1), lipid (24.91 mgL-1d-1), protein (22.36 mgL-1d-1) and carbohydrate (20.10 mgL-1d-1) productivities in Mixo AC. Therefore, the urea supplemented Mixo AC approach for microalgal cultivation was developed as a suitable biomass production strategy. This work also elucidated a novel algae cultivation strategy for utilisation of waste biosolids, where nutrient-rich waste activated sludge (WAS) and final effluent (FE) from the wastewater treatment process was used for microalgal biomass generation. This strategy reduced the use of synthetic nutrients, fertilizers and freshwater which contribute significantly towards the overall cost of biomass production. Strategy development included the investigation of physical, thermal and chemical pre-treatment methods to assist in effective nutrient release and bacterial load reduction. Evaluation of growth kinetics, photosynthetic performance, nutrient removal efficiencies and biochemical composition of microalgae under mixotrophic and heterotrophic modes of cultivation were performed. Furthermore, urea supplementation was studied to improve biomass productivity. Microalgae cultivation in acid pre-treated (pH 2) WAS + FE with urea supplementation (1500 mgL-1) showed enhanced biomass productivity of 298.75 mgL-1d-1. Microalgal biomass grown with WAS + FE using the developed strategy exhibited greater lipid (72.95 mgL-1d-1) and protein (72.84 mgL-1d-1) productivities and comparable carbohydrate yields (73.07 mgL-1d-1) to that of synthetic media. Thus mixotrophic mode of cultivation coupled with urea supplementation to WAS + FE proved to be a suitable cultivation strategy for C. sorokiniana. The study developed an efficient strategy to utilize AC and WAS + FE as a growth medium for microalgae. Furthermore, findings from this study have demonstrated the potential of waste streams and waste solids from domestic wastewater treatment plants for microalgal biomass generation

Sustainable Cultivation of Desmodesmus armatus SAG276.4d using Leachate as a Growth Supplement for Simultaneous Biomass Production and CO2 Fixation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-873
Author(s):  
Muhammad Taufiq Kamal Fuad ◽  
Azianabiha A Halip Khalid ◽  
Kamrul Fakir Kamarudin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Microalgae Cultivation ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae ◽  
Light Duration ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Microalgae cultivation has been identified to be highly beneficial for the production of valuable biomass. The recent worldwide interest is to cultivate microalgae in wastewater to replace the use of expensive commercial media. Microalgae can utilize nutrients from the wastewater for their biomass growth, which is useful as feedstock in many products. Interestingly, microalgae cultivation is also capable of reducing a greenhouse gas due to absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) during photosynthesis. This study was conducted to study the growth of microalgae using leachate as a nutrient supplement. The scope of the research involved the cultivation of freshwater microalgae, Desmodesmus armatus, in the synthetics medium with various percentages of leachate under different light exposures. The growth parameters such as the specific growth rate, biomass productivity, and cell division time were used to evaluate the microalgae growth performance. The amount of CO2 absorbed during the cultivation was determined based on the total biomass production. The highest growth rate of 0.423/day was achieved using a 5% leachate medium under 12 h light duration, and the highest carbon fixation of 1.317 g CO2/L/day was calculated using a culture supplemented with 5% leachate with 24 h light period. The high presence of nutrients in the leachate has contributed to the growth of the microalgae; thus, it has great potential as an alternative growth medium to support biomass production and subsequently help to mitigate global warming.

scholarly journals Marine and freshwater microalgae as a sustainable source of cosmeceuticals

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
T. V. Puchkova ◽  
S. A. Khapchaeva ◽  
V. S. Zotov ◽  
A. A. Lukyanov ◽  
A. E. Solovchenko
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae ◽  
Microalgal Biomass

A prominent feature of stress-tolerant microalgae is their versatile metabolism, allowing them to synthesize a broad spectrum of molecules. In microalgae, they increase stress resilience of these organisms. In human body, they exhibit anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and sunscreen activities. This is not surprising, given that many of the stress-induced deleterious processes in human body and in photosynthetic cell are mediated by the same mechanisms: free-radical attacks and lipid peroxidation. It is also worth noting, that the photosynthetic machinery of microalgae is always at risk of oxidative damage since high redox potentials and reactive molecules are constantly generated during its functioning. These risks are kept at bay by efficient reactive oxygen species elimination systems including, inter alia, potent low-molecular antioxidants. Therefore, photosynthetic organisms are a rich source of bioactive substances with a great potential for curbing the negative effects of stresses, acting on human skin cells on a day-to-day basis. In many cases these compounds appear to be less toxic, less allergenic, and, in general, more “biocompatible” than most of their synthetic counterparts. The same algal metabolites are recognized as promising ingredients for innovative cosmetics and cosmeceutical formulations. Ever increasing efforts are being put into the search for new natural biologically active substances from microalgae. This trend is also fueled by the growing demand for natural raw materials for foods, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetology, associated with the global transition to a “greener” lifestyle. Although a dramatic diversity of cosmeceuticals was discovered in macrophyte algae, single-celled algae are on the same level or even surpass them in this regard. At the same time, a large-scale biotechnological production of microalgal biomass, enriched with the cosmeceutical compounds, is more technically feasible and economically viable than that of macrophyte biomass. The autotrophic cultivation of microalgae is generally simpler and often cheaper than that of heterotrophic microorganisms. Cultivation in bioreactors makes it possible to obtain more standardized raw biomass, quality of which is less dependent on seasonal factors. Microalgae biotechnology opens many possibilities to the “green” cosmeceutical production. However, a significant part of microalgae chemo- and biodiversity remains so far untapped. Consequently, bioprospecting and biochemical characterization of new algal species and strains, especially those isolated from habitats with harsh environmental conditions, is a major avenue for further research and development. Equally important is the development of approaches to cost-effective microalgae cultivation, as well as induction, extraction, and purification of cosmeceutical metabolites. World scientific community is rapidly accumulating extensive information on the chemistry and diverse effects of microalgae substances and metabolites; many substances of microalgal origin are extensively used in the cosmetic industry. However, the list of extracts and individual chemicals, isolated from them and thoroughly tested for safety and effectiveness, is not yet very large. Although excellent reviews of individual microalgal cosmeceutical groups exist, here we covered all the most important classes of such compounds of cosmeceutical relevance, linking the patterns of their composition and accumulation with the relevant aspects of microalgae biology.

scholarly journals Adaptation assessment of drought tolerance in maize populations from the Sahara in both shores of the Mediterranean Sea

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oula Maafi ◽  
Pedro Revilla ◽  
Lorena Álvarez-Iglesias ◽  
Rosa Ana Malvar ◽  
Abderahmane Djemel
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Favorable Alleles ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Main Stress ◽  
And Control

AbstractDrought is the main stress for agriculture, and maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm from the Sahara has been identified as potential source of drought tolerance; however, information about adaptation of semitropical maize germplasm from the Sahara to temperate areas has not been reported. Our objective was assessing the adaptation of maize germplasm from Saharan oases as sources of drought tolerance for improving yield and biomass production under drought conditions in temperate environments. A collection of maize populations from Saharan oases was evaluated under drought and control conditions in Spain and Algeria. Algerian populations were significantly different under drought for most traits, and the significant genotype × environment interactions indicated that drought tolerance is genotype-dependent, but tolerance differences among genotypes change across environments. Based on yield, the Algerian maize populations PI527474, PI527478, PI527472, PI527467, PI527470, and PI527473 would be appropriate sources of drought tolerance for temperate environments. Concerning biomass production, the most interesting populations were PI527467, PI542685, PI527478, and PI527472. These Saharan populations could provide favorable alleles for drought tolerance for temperate breeding programs, and could also be used for studying mechanisms and genetic regulation of drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Direct Assessment of Biomass Productivity in Short Rotation Forestry (SRF) with the Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS). Case of Study in NE Part of Romania (Preliminary Results)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Iulian Constantin Dănilă
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
North East ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Destructive Methods

Short rotation forestry (SRF) provides an important supply of biomass for investors in this area. In the NE (North-East) part of Romania at the present time are installed over 800 Ha of this kind of crops. The SRF enjoys the support through environmental policies, in relation to climate change and the provisions of the Kyoto Protocol to reduce the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. A precise estimate of biomass production is necessary for the sustainable planning of forest resources and for the exchange of energy in ecosystems. The use of the terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) in estimating the production of above ground wood biomass (AGWB) of short rotation forestry (SRF) brings an important technological leap among indirect (non-destructive) methods. TLS technology is justified when destructive methods become difficult to implement, and allometric equations do not provide accurate information. The main purpose of the research is to estimate the biomass productivity on tree parts in short rotation forestry with TLS technology. Measuring the hybrid poplars crops by TLS may have the following consequences: (1) Higher accuracy of the estimate of biomass production in the SRF; (2) cost and time effective measurements over the biomass of tree parts; (3) new and validated allometric equations for SRF in NE Romania; (4) solid instrument for industry to estimate biomass. TLS technology gives accurate estimates for DBH, tree height and location, as much as the volume on segments, commercial volume or crown volume can be determined. The accuracy of these values depends on the original scan data and their co-registration. The research will contribute to the development of knowledge in the field of hybrid crops.

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